The Role of a City’s Collective Memory in Supporting Cooperative Urban Design Learning

Perceptual fluency, that is, the ease with which people perceive information, has diverse effects on cognition and learning. For example, when judging the truth of plausible but incorrect information, easy-to-read statements are incorrectly judged as true while difficult to read statements are not. As we better remember information that is consistent with pre-existing schemata (i.e., schema congruency), statements judged as true should be remembered better, which would suggest that fluency boosts memory. Another line of research suggests that learning information from hard-to-read statements enhances subsequent memory compared to easy-to-read statements (i.e., desirable difficulties). In the present study, we tested these possibilities in two experiments with student participants. In the study phase, they read plausible statements that were either easy or difficult to read and judged their truth. To assess the sustainability of learning, the test phase in which we tested recognition memory for these statements was delayed for 24 h. In Experiment 1, we manipulated fluency by presenting the statements in colors that made them easy or difficult to read. In Experiment 2, we manipulated fluency by presenting the statements in font types that made them easy or difficult to read. Moreover, in Experiment 2, memory was tested either immediately or after a 24 h delay. In both experiments, the results showed a consistent effect of schema congruency, but perceptual fluency did not affect sustainable learning. However, in the immediate test of Experiment 2, perceptual fluency enhanced memory for schema-incongruent materials. Thus, perceptual fluency can boost initial memory for schema-incongruent memory most likely due to short-lived perceptual traces, which are cropped during consolidation, but does not boost sustainable learning. We discuss these results in relation to research on the role of desirable difficulties for student learning, to effects of cognitive conflict on subsequent memory, and more generally in how to design learning methods and environments in a sustainable way.

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The Hierarchy of Walking Needs and the COVID-19 Pandemic

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147461 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7461

Author(s):

Mohammad Paydar ◽

Asal Kamani Fard

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Urban Design ◽

Public Spaces ◽

Empirical Literature ◽

The World ◽

The Face ◽

Current Context ◽

Mode Of Transport ◽

Different Levels

More than 150 cities around the world have expanded emergency cycling and walking infrastructure to increase their resilience in the face of the COVID 19 pandemic. This tendency toward walking has led it to becoming the predominant daily mode of transport that also contributes to significant changes in the relationships between the hierarchy of walking needs and walking behaviour. These changes need to be addressed in order to increase the resilience of walking environments in the face of such a pandemic. This study was designed as a theoretical and empirical literature review seeking to improve the walking behaviour in relation to the hierarchy of walking needs within the current context of COVID-19. Accordingly, the interrelationship between the main aspects relating to walking-in the context of the pandemic- and the different levels in the hierarchy of walking needs were discussed. Results are presented in five sections of “density, crowding and stress during walking”, “sense of comfort/discomfort and stress in regard to crowded spaces during walking experiences”, “crowded spaces as insecure public spaces and the contribution of the type of urban configuration”, “role of motivational/restorative factors during walking trips to reduce the overload of stress and improve mental health”, and “urban design interventions on arrangement of visual sequences during walking”.

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Collective Memory and Social Movements: Football Sites of Memory in Supporters’ Activism

Sociology of Sport Journal ◽

10.1123/ssj.2020-0200 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Dino Numerato ◽

Arnošt Svoboda

Keyword(s):

Social Movements ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Collective Memory ◽

Empirical Evidence ◽

Contentious Politics ◽

Ethnographic Study ◽

European Level ◽

Significant Component ◽

The Czech Republic

This paper examines the role of collective memory in the protection of “traditional” sociocultural and symbolic aspects of football vis-à-vis the processes of commodification and globalization. Empirical evidence that underpins the analysis is drawn from a multisite ethnographic study of football fan activism in the Czech Republic, Italy, and England, as well as at the European level. The authors argue that collective memory represents a significant component of the supporters’ mobilization and is related to the protection of specific football sites of memory, including club names, logos, colors, places, heroes, tragedies, and histories. The authors further explain that collective memory operates through three interconnected dimensions: embedded collective memory, transcendent collective memory, and the collective memory of contentious politics.

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Lúcio Costa and the Question of Monumentality in his Pilot Plan for Brasilia

10.52200/43.a.dmt9pcp3 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 22-25

Author(s):

José Pessôa

Keyword(s):

Urban Design ◽

Fundamental Question ◽

State Identity ◽

The City

The urban design for Brasilia emphasizes the role of the city as a capital, that is to say, as an expression of State identity and power. Lúcio Costa considered monumentality as a characteristic inherent in urbanism, but this should not be achieved by any ostentatious grandiosity in terms of the volumes and sizes designed, and rather by providing a more singular external expression in the building concept used incorporating nature, capable of both pleasing and moving their occupants. The dimension of monumentality is a fundamental question in understanding the urban solution adopted in Brasilia.

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EFFECTS OF CLIMATE ON THE ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN DESIGN OF TRIPOLI

RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences ◽

10.47832/2717-8293.4-3.30 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 295-311

Author(s):

AbuRawi Mustafa ALMARKIYAH ◽

Fouziya Alzarqani Ipraheem FADHLULLAH

Keyword(s):

Urban Design ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Building Design ◽

Active Role ◽

Motion Path ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Architectural Elements ◽

Study Case ◽

The City

Tripoli is a city of a Mediterranean Sea climate; this has contributed with some social and religious factors to affect the architectural and urban design, which all originally has come from the Islamic content. This study argues the climatic features of Tripoli in order to show the ways followed by the Libyan Muslim architect. In other words, these ways were used to adapt with the climate and create the demanding architectural treatments, which have served the building units. This is considered as a study case that can discuss the possibility of the climatic reflection on the walls. That is to say, the walls’ thickness, the type of the used substance in building, the substance’s properties, the type of roof used in covering the building units and the architectural design of the building as treatments achieved professionally by the architect in decreasing the heat in summer and increasing the heat in winter through the mass block. Additionally, the researchers have stated that Tripoli’s building design respected the privacy of the inhabitants and their isolation from the world outside their buildings. That is because they wanted to have their own cold spaces inside which were rich of light, air and shadow. As a result of the aforementioned considerations, the architectural buildings contained the uncovered space and the broken entrance to keep the privacy from the passengers and to protect the inhabitants from wind and sand. These were regarded as final solutions for the architectural and climatic problem. Further, this study illustrates the active role of using the planning including the architectural formations and the treatments of motion path. That is according to their width, their length, their form, their guidance and their direction change in order to make shadow and isolate the front of buildings. This also contributed to give the streets the northern wind which in turn helped to keep the air moving as long as possible to tone down the climatic influences. Moreover, the planning aimed to show its turn through analytical, architectural and documentary survey for realistic examples in the archeological registrar of the potential city treatments. These architectural elements were important in making the sustainable architecture in respect to the environment and human relaxation requirements. Finally, the researchers measured the following factors temperatures, wind, rain, and ratio humidity for variety of spaces in the city. That was followed by qualitative and quantitative statistical analysis supported by graphs

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Introduction

Journal of European Studies ◽

10.1177/0047244118801204 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (3-4) ◽

pp. 215-222

Author(s):

Lenuta Giukin

Keyword(s):

Collective Memory ◽

European Studies ◽

Evolution Of Consciousness ◽

Republic Of Moldova ◽

Contemporary State ◽

State Education ◽

History Of ◽

Role Of Women ◽

The Republic

This introduction offers an overall framework for the eight articles in this issue of the Journal of European Studies, which focus on Romanian identity and consciousness. It looks at the general history of Romania and the Republic of Moldova to show the evolution of consciousness over a century, since the formation of ‘Great Romania’ in 1918 to the present day. Aspects such as collective memory, migration, the change in the role of women, the crisis of the contemporary state, education and religion, as well as an overall crisis of patriarchy within a globalized context are discussed based on the analysis offered by the authors in their articles.

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The Role of Empathy in Experiential Learning: A Case Study of Empathy as an Interior Design Learning Tool

International Journal of Social Science Studies ◽

10.11114/ijsss.v6i4.3054 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Lilia Gomez-Lanier

Keyword(s):

Interior Design ◽

The Elderly ◽

The United States ◽

Learning Tool ◽

Problem Solving Skills ◽

Design Learning ◽

Design Students ◽

Interior Environments ◽

Interior Design Students

Empathy definitions do not adequately reflect the realities of empathy in the context of interior design for the elderly or disabled. This mixed research methods study explored the role that empathy as a design learning tool may have on the design process and learning experiences of interior design students, whom ultimately will design spaces for the elderly and disabled. To explore the use of empathy as a learning tool prior to commencing a renovation design project for three disabled farmers and their families in the southeast area of the United States, interior design students participated in class exercises that simulated various physical disabilities. After completing the exercises students reported high levels of emphatic concern for physically disabled older adults that made them more in tuned with the program needs of their clients, the farmers. Additionally, the students acknowledged that they had gained a greater understanding of inclusive design, whereby all end users of spaces regardless of physical and mental capabilities are to be considered when designing interior environments. Lastly, students enhanced their problem-solving skills by gaining insights into the importance of considering all details in design, ranging from the addition of coat hooks to door hardware selection and floor finish materials to furniture placements. This study is significant because two of the fastest growing sectors for interior design is healthcare and aging in place.

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The Universal Factory

Enquiry A Journal for Architectural Research ◽

10.17831/enq:arcc.v16i2.839 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 18-31

Author(s):

Kevin Rogan

Keyword(s):

Urban Design ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Data Networks ◽

The Political ◽

Political Issues ◽

Critical Data ◽

The Third ◽

Material Reality ◽

Vast Network

Critical data studies have made great strides in bringing together data analysts and urban design, providing an extensible concept which is useful in visualizing the role of local and planetary data networks. But in the light of the experience of Sidewalk Labs, critical data studies need a further push. As smart cities, algorithmic urbanisms, and sensorial regimes inch closer and closer to reality, critical data studies remain woefully blind to economic and political issues. Data remains undertheorized for its economic content as a commodity, and the political ramifications of the data assemblages remain locked in a proto-political schema of good and bad uses of this vast network of data collection, analysis, research, and organization. This paper attempts to subject critical data studies to a rigorous critique by deepening its relationship to the history thus far of Sidewalk Labs’ project in Quayside, Toronto. It is broken into sections. The first section discusses the material reality of Kitchin and Lauriault’s (2014) data assemblages and data landscapes. The second section investigates data itself and what its ‘inherent’ value means in an economic sense. The third section looks at the way the understanding of data promoted by the data assemblage effects smart city design. The fourth section examines the role of the designer in shepherding this vision, and moreover the data assemblage, into existence.

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Rola języka w uwalnianiu się z dziedzicznych traum

Politeja ◽

10.12797/politeja.17.2020.65.14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2(65)) ◽

pp. 189-204

Author(s):

Katarzyna Marcol

Keyword(s):

Collective Memory ◽

Cultural Memory ◽

Social Position ◽

Traumatic Experiences ◽

The Past ◽

The Social ◽

The World ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

The Village

The Role of Language in Releasing from Inherited Traumas. Negotiations of the Social Position of the Silesian Minority in Serbian Banat The aim of the paper is to show the dependence between language, collective memory (also post-memory) and sense of identity. This issue is analysed using the example of an ethnic minority living in the village of Ostojićevo (Banat, Serbia) called ‘Toutowie.’ Their ancestors came in the 19th century from Wisła (Silesian Cieszyn, Poland); they left their homes because of great hunger and were looking for jobs in Banat. Narratives about the past contain traumatic experiences of the past generations transmitted in the Silesian dialect and constituting communicative memory. At the same time, a new Polish national identity is being constructed, supported by institutions and authorities; it carries a new image of the world and creates a new cultural memory. This new identity – shaped on the basis of national categories – leads to changes of its self-identification and gives the opportunity to raise its social position in the multi-ethnic Banat community.

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