Transcriptional Regulation of Wood Formation in Tree Species

2013 ◽  
pp. 141-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqin Zhong ◽  
Zheng-Hua Ye
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Wood Formation

scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF METABOLITES IN WOOD-FORMING TISSUES FROM EIGHT COMMERCIAL TIMBER TREE SPECIES OF HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE IN CHINA

Wood Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 746-761
Author(s):  
JIANGTAO SHI ◽  
JUNYI PENG ◽  
CHONGYANG XIA ◽  
JIAN LI
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Coniferous Trees ◽  
Timber Tree ◽  
Neutral Sugars ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Species Specific

Four coniferous and four deciduous commercial tree species from Northeastern ofChina were selected to investigate the differences ofmetabolites in wood-forming tissues bygas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the identified metabolites mainly consisted of neutral sugars, lipids, and organic acids. The mean contents of both arabinofuranose and 1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid were higher in coniferous trees thanin deciduous ones. Similarly, the D-fructose and D-glucose content was significantly higherin coniferous trees than deciduous trees, but the total contents of these two sugars was roughly equal among most tree species. The mean content of lactic acid, glycerol and malic acid was lowerin coniferous trees than deciduous trees. The malic acid content decreased in later-stages of wood formation than in early-stagefor all tree species. The content of L-proline and myo-inositol was greater in later-stage of wood formation than early-stage.The contentof octadecanoic acid, D-fructose and D-glucose decreased in later-stage of wood formationfor most tree species. All of thissuggested that the metabolites in wood-forming tissues showed the significance of species-specific and seasonal dynamic differences among the eight tree species.

Seasonal cambial activity and wood formation in trees and lianas of Leguminosae growing in the Atlantic Forest: a comparative study

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arno Fritz das Neves Brandes ◽  
Claudio Sergio Lisi ◽  
Leonardo Davi S.A.B. da Silva ◽  
Kishore S. Rajput ◽  
Cláudia Franca Barros
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Direct And Indirect Methods

Cambial activity and the formation of secondary xylem were investigated in the main stem of three arboreal leguminous species and one liana. To compare the seasonal vascular cambium behavior of these species, two methods were concurrently applied: induction of injury in the vascular cambium and anatomical analysis of the vascular cambium and adjacent zones (differentiation zone). One tree species, Pseudopiptadenia contorta (DC.) G.P.Lewis & M.P.Lima, was sampled in three forest formations: alluvial, submontane, and montane. Two more tree species, Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F.Macbr. and Pseudopiptadenia leptostachya (Benth.) Rauschert, were sampled in submontane and montane forest, respectively. Dalbergia frutescens (Vell.) Britton var. frutescens, a liana, was sampled in montane forest. All species investigated showed distinctive formation of annual growth rings. Reactivation of the vascular cambium was observed at the end of spring, and it remained active during the summer. Thereafter, cambial activity either ceased or declined dramatically at the end of autumn. Similar to the tree species studied, cambial activity in D. frutescens var. frutescens showed similar seasonal cambial activity throughout the year. Based on both direct and indirect methods, our results showed that cambial activity and wood formation only occurred during the rainy season, suggesting the potential of these species for use in dendrochronological studies.

scholarly journals Variation in Onset of Leaf Unfolding and Wood Formation in a Central African Tropical Tree Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhely Angoboy Ilondea ◽  
Hans Beeckman ◽  
Joris Van Acker ◽  
Jan Van den Bulcke ◽  
Adeline Fayolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Tropical Tree ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Leaf Phenology ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Tropical Tree Species

A diversity of phenological strategies has been reported for tropical tree species. Defoliation and seasonal dormancy of cambial activity inform us on how trees cope with water stress during the dry season, or maximize the use of resources during the rainy season. Here, we study the matching between leaf phenology (unfolding and shedding) and cambial activity for Prioria balsamifera, a key timber species in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In particular, we (i) evaluated the seasonality of cambial activity and synchrony of phenology among trees in response to climate and (ii) identified the seasonality of leaf phenology and its relation with cambial phenology. The study was conducted in the Luki Man and Biosphere Reserve, located in the Mayombe forest at the southern margin of the Congo Basin. Historic defoliation data were collected every ten days using weekly crown observations whereas recent observations involved time-lapse cameras. Cambial pinning was performed on ten trees during 20 months and radius dendrometers were installed on three trees during 13 months. Tree rings were measured on cores from 13 trees and growth synchrony was evaluated. We found that P. balsamifera defoliates annually with a peak observed at the end of the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season. The new leaves unfolded shortly after shedding of the old leaves. The peak defoliation dates varied across years from September 12 to November 14 and the fraction of number of trees that defoliated at a given time was found to be negatively correlated with annual rainfall and temperature; during the dry season, when precipitation and temperatures are the lowest. Wood formation (radial growth), was found to be highly seasonal, with cambial dormancy occurring during the dry season and growth starting at the beginning of the rainy season. Individual ring-width series did not cross date well. The within species variability of leaf phenology and cambial rhythms provides indication about resistance of the population against climatic changes.

Variation in intra-annual wood formation, and foliage and shoot development of three major Canadian boreal tree species

2012 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Zhai ◽  
Yves Bergeron ◽  
Jian-Guo Huang ◽  
Frank Berninger
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Shoot Development

Transcriptional regulation in wood formation

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Demura ◽  
Hiroo Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Wood Formation

scholarly journals Digging in wood: New insights in the regulation of wood formation in tree species

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo L.O. Camargo ◽  
Raphaël Ployet ◽  
Hua Cassan-Wang ◽  
Fabien Mounet ◽  
Jacqueline Grima-Pettenati
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Wood Formation

scholarly journals Mobile forms of carbon in trees: metabolism and transport

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Guadalupe Dominguez ◽  
Totte Niittylä
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
Forms Of Carbon ◽  
Terrestrial Biomass ◽  
Carbon Transport

Abstract Plants constitute 80% of the biomass on earth, and almost two thirds of this biomass is found in wood. Wood formation is a carbon demanding process and relies on carbon transport from photosynthetic tissues. Thus, understanding the transport process is of major interest for understanding terrestrial biomass formation. Here we review the molecules and mechanisms used to transport and allocate carbon in trees. Sucrose is the major form in which carbon is transported, found in the phloem sap of all so far investigated tree species. However, in several tree species sucrose is accompanied by other molecules, notably polyols and the raffinose family of oligosaccharides. We describe the molecules that constitute each of these transport groups, and their distribution across different tree species. Further, we detail the metabolic reactions for their synthesis, the mechanisms by which trees load and unload these compounds in and out of the vascular system, and how they are radially transported in the trunk and finally catabolized during wood formation. We also address a particular carbon recirculation process between phloem and xylem that occurs in trees during the annual cycle of growth and dormancy. A search of possible evolutionary drivers behind the diversity of C carrying molecules in trees reveals no consistent differences in carbon transport mechanisms between angiosperm and gymnosperm trees. Furthermore, the distribution of C forms across species suggests that climate related environmental factors will not either explain the diversity of carbon transport forms. However, the consideration of C transport mechanisms in relation to tree—rhizosphere coevolution deserves further attention. To conclude the review, we identify possible future lines of research in this field.

scholarly journals Rekonstruktion von Massenbewegungen mithilfe der Holzanatomie | Reconstruction of geomorphic events by means of wood anatomy

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Heinrich ◽  
Holger Gärtner
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Severe Reaction ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Anatomical Analysis ◽  
Growth Experiments

Geomorphic events such as debris flows and avalanches are likely to increase in magnitude and frequency due to the influence of global warming. Such processes usually have an impact on the growth of affected trees. As a consequence, dendroecological techniques have been developed to determine the frequency of these events. It is, however, rarely possible to retrieve information on the type and intensity of the geomorphic event. A comprehensive wood anatomical analysis of reaction wood has the potential to obtain more complete information on this matter. This paper presents the wood anatomical analysis of four European tree species. In growth experiments the impacts of the most common geomorphic events were realistically imitated. It was shown that in all four tree species the treated trees exhibited significant growth reactions compared to the untreated reference trees. The treatments are significantly different only in some cases but trends in the data can be identified. The stronger the bending was the more severe reaction wood was formed. Additional treatments to the apex of the trees resulted in a weakening of the reaction wood formation. The results showed that the accuracy of dendrogeomorphic reconstructions profits from further wood anatomical investigations, which should be applied if an intraseasonal reconstruction is aimed for.

scholarly journals De novo transcriptome sequencing and gene expression profiling of Pinus sibirica under different cold stresses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyang Zhao ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Zhimin Lu ◽  
Yuchun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Orthologous Group ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Osmotic Regulation ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Physiological Indices ◽  
Conifer Tree

Abstract Background: Pinus sibirica is an evergreen conifer tree species with strong cold stress. However, the transcriptional regulation patterns in response to cold stress have not been reported for P. Sibirica. To gain deeper insights into its regulation process of cold tolerance, transcriptome profiling analyses and 12 physiological indices measurement were performed under cold stress (-20 ℃) over time. Results: More than 54.1 million clean reads were produced, which were assembled into 97,376 unigenes. Among them, 56,994 unigenes had homology with known genes, 36,836 were assigned to 51 GO (gene ontology) categories and 46,972 were assigned to 24 COG (clusters of orthologous group) categories. P. sibirica showed the highest similarity with sequences from Picea sitchensis. In total, 871, 1397 and 872 DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were identified upon exposure to cold for 6 h, 24 h and 48 h at -20 ℃, respectively. Nine physiological indices increased significantly (P<0.05) under cold stress, including membrane permeability, relative conductivity, reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde, peroxidase activity, catalase activity, soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline content. With extension of the cold stress time, 9 physiological indices generally showed a trend toward first an increase and then a decrease. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in P. sibirica dropped sharply (P<0.05) in response to cold stress, and they were also decreased significantly (P<0.05) with extension of the stress time at -20 ℃.Conclusions: There were two cold signal transduction pathways in P. sibirica, the Ca2+ and ABA (abscisic acid) pathways. The AP2 (ethylene-responsive transcription factor) family and some other transcription factors played an important role in transcriptional regulation. P. sibirica underwent antioxidant and osmotic regulation with changes in the expression of genes related to cold resistance. Photosynthesis was inhibited, and more DEGs associated with photosynthesis were downregulated under cold stress. The DEGs identified in cold signal sensing and transduction and transcriptional, antioxidant and osmotic regulation can provide genetic resources for the improvement of cold-tolerant characters in other conifer tree species and facilitate understanding of molecular control mechanism related to cold responses.

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