scholarly journals De novo transcriptome sequencing and gene expression profiling of Pinus sibirica under different cold stresses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyang Zhao ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Zhimin Lu ◽  
Yuchun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Orthologous Group ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Osmotic Regulation ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Physiological Indices ◽  
Conifer Tree

Abstract Background: Pinus sibirica is an evergreen conifer tree species with strong cold stress. However, the transcriptional regulation patterns in response to cold stress have not been reported for P. Sibirica. To gain deeper insights into its regulation process of cold tolerance, transcriptome profiling analyses and 12 physiological indices measurement were performed under cold stress (-20 ℃) over time. Results: More than 54.1 million clean reads were produced, which were assembled into 97,376 unigenes. Among them, 56,994 unigenes had homology with known genes, 36,836 were assigned to 51 GO (gene ontology) categories and 46,972 were assigned to 24 COG (clusters of orthologous group) categories. P. sibirica showed the highest similarity with sequences from Picea sitchensis. In total, 871, 1397 and 872 DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were identified upon exposure to cold for 6 h, 24 h and 48 h at -20 ℃, respectively. Nine physiological indices increased significantly (P<0.05) under cold stress, including membrane permeability, relative conductivity, reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde, peroxidase activity, catalase activity, soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline content. With extension of the cold stress time, 9 physiological indices generally showed a trend toward first an increase and then a decrease. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in P. sibirica dropped sharply (P<0.05) in response to cold stress, and they were also decreased significantly (P<0.05) with extension of the stress time at -20 ℃.Conclusions: There were two cold signal transduction pathways in P. sibirica, the Ca2+ and ABA (abscisic acid) pathways. The AP2 (ethylene-responsive transcription factor) family and some other transcription factors played an important role in transcriptional regulation. P. sibirica underwent antioxidant and osmotic regulation with changes in the expression of genes related to cold resistance. Photosynthesis was inhibited, and more DEGs associated with photosynthesis were downregulated under cold stress. The DEGs identified in cold signal sensing and transduction and transcriptional, antioxidant and osmotic regulation can provide genetic resources for the improvement of cold-tolerant characters in other conifer tree species and facilitate understanding of molecular control mechanism related to cold responses.

Study on the physiological indices of Pinus sibirica and Pinus koraiensis seedlings under cold stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1255-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Deyang Liang ◽  
Xiaona Pei ◽  
Qinhui Zhang ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Physiological Indices

scholarly journals Inferences on the Susceptibility of Wood of Different Tree Species to Heterobasidion annosum Sensu Lato (Fr.) Bref. Primary Infections and on the Range of Pathogen Spores Dispersal

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 854
Author(s):  
Lauma Brūna ◽  
Guglielmo Lione ◽  
Kristīne Kenigsvalde ◽  
Natālija Burņeviča ◽  
Astra Zaļuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Forest Pathogens ◽  
Airborne Inoculum ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Airborne Infections ◽  
Norway Spruce Forest

Stumps play a pivotal role in the epidemiology of the fungal forest pathogens Heterobasidion spp. because they are the main courts of primary airborne infections. The aims of this study were (i) to determine the susceptibility of seven tree species (i.e., Larix sibirica, Picea abies, Picea sitchensis, Pinus contorta, Pinus strobus, Pinus sylvestris and Pseudotsuga menziesii) to primary infection by H. annosum and H. parviporum through comparative inoculation experiments of conidia on wood discs in controlled conditions; (ii) to compare the susceptibility of wood discs of the same tree species to natural airborne infections in two Latvian Norway spruce forest stands infested either by H. annosum or H. parviporum; (iii) to explore the rates of infection of wood discs at increasing distances from spore sources in these two forests to make inferences on the range of spores dispersal. Results obtained by spraying wood discs with conidial suspensions in controlled conditions are in agreement with those obtained by exposing wood discs to the natural airborne inoculum in the forests, as clearly supported by the significant correlation (r = 0.79; p < 0.05) between the two sets of data. Susceptibility was highest in Pinus species, followed by P. abies and P. sitchensis. Susceptibility was lowest for L. sibirica and P. menziesii. The area colonized by Heterobasidion spp. in the sapwood of wood discs was much greater than that colonized in the heartwood. A sharp decrease in the rate of infection of wood discs with distance from spore sources (i.e., fruiting bodies) was observed, further confirming the importance of local spore sources in the epidemiology of Heterobasidion spp. Taken together, these findings could help designing tactics to manage these fungal forest pathogens.

scholarly journals Variability in Elemental Composition of Conifer Tree Rings

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Vladimir L. Gavrikov ◽  
◽  
Alexey I. Fertikov ◽  
Evgenii A. Vaganov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Siberian Spruce ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Conifer Tree

Distribution of chemical elements in tree rings bears important information on various biogeochemical processes. In order to achieve a reliable interpretation of the information, it is necessary to know the degree of variation in the content of chemical elements both at the level of the entire species and at the level of individual trees. The research aims to determine which chemical elements have a stable distribution in the trunks of a number of conifers: Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), and Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour). The data for the analysis were obtained on the basis of the long-term experiment in forest growing. The experimental site was laid out in 1971–1972 in the vicinity of Krasnoyarsk by the staff of the Sukachev Institute of Forest of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Before planting the seedlings, the soil ground was mechanically levelled, and thus, sufficiently equal growth conditions were created for all plantings. Cores with a diameter of 12 mm were sampled from three normally developing trees of each species and analyzed using modern X-ray fluorescence methods. Content relative values of elements (counts) were obtained with the Itrax Multiscanner (COX Analytical Systems). The content of elements in the tree rings was characterized by the concentration and reserve of elements. Concentration was calculated as the number of counts per 1 mm2 of the ring area; reserve was calculated as the number of counts over the entire ring area. Each of these variables was defined by the parameters of linear slope in the calendar year series and the standard deviation. The cluster analysis was performed in the 4-dimensional space of the obtained parameters. This allowed determining whether the series of element distributions from different trees and species are grouped. Three elements (Ca, Co, and P) show high stability of distribution parameters in tree rings with no regard to tree species. A number of other elements (Mn, Pb, Cl, Cr, Ni, Sr, and W) are stably grouped depending on the species. The results of the research enable to focus on the study of the elements stably distributed in the conifer trunks. For citation: Gavrikov V.L., Fertikov A.I., Sharafutdinov R.A., Vaganov E.A. Variability in Elemental Composition of Conifer Tree Rings. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 24–37. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-24-37

scholarly journals A test of the hydraulic vulnerability segmentation hypothesis in angiosperm and conifer tree species

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 983-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Johnson ◽  
Remi Wortemann ◽  
Katherine A. McCulloh ◽  
Lionel Jordan-Meille ◽  
Eric Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Hydraulic Vulnerability ◽  
Conifer Tree

Nutrient concentrations and nitrogen mineralization in forest floors of single species conifer plantations in coastal British Columbia

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1341-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
C E Prescott ◽  
L Vesterdal ◽  
J Pratt ◽  
K H Venner ◽  
L M de Montigny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Forest Floors

We examined the extent to which nutrient concentrations and C and N mineralization rates in forests floors under different tree species are predictable from the chemistry of foliar litter and its rate of decomposition. We studied replicated single species plantations of western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) at four locations. Nutrient concentrations in forest floors correlated poorly with litter nutrient concentrations; the only significant relationships were for Ca and K. Nitrogen mineralization correlated weakly with forest floor C/N ratio, and differed more among sites than among species. None of the litter chemistry parameters were related to net N mineralization rates. Decomposition was fastest in hemlock litter, intermediate in Douglas-fir litter and lowest in cedar litter. Litter also decomposed more rapidly on hemlock forest floors than on cedar forest floors. Rates of N mineralization in the forest floors were not related to rates of decomposition of foliar litter. Differences among sites in N mineralization rates were related to the understory vegetation composition, particularly the amount of the ericaceous shrub salal, which in turn was related to slope position. These site factors appeared to override the effect of tree species on rates of N mineralization.

scholarly journals Erratum to “Physiological Effects of Smoke Exposure on Deciduous and Conifer Tree Species”

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
W. John Calder ◽  
Greg Lifferth ◽  
Max A. Moritz ◽  
Samuel B. St. Clair
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Conifer Tree

Smoke Production Ability during Combustion of the Four Conifer-Tree Species in Hei Long Jiang Province

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1389-1394
Author(s):  
Long Sun ◽  
Hai Qing Hu ◽  
Lin Ju
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Larix Gmelinii ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Calorimetric Analysis ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Smoke Production ◽  
Conifer Tree ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The combustibility of four conifer-tree species in Xiaoxing’an Mountain, Heilongjiang Province was studied by cone calorimetric analysis. The four species were Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc、Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica Litv、Picea koraiensis Nakai、Larix gmelinii Rupr.. The thermal characteristics of leaves and barks, including smoke production rate(SPR)、specific extinction area(SEA)、the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2)、the production of carbon dioxide ( PCO2 )、the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO)、the production of carbon dioxide ( PCO )were tested and recorded simultaneously.Th results showed that ,at a heat reflux of 50 kW•m-2, the values of SPR , SEA , the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the production of carbon dioxide (PCO) of Larix gmelinii Rupr. t had strong smoke inhibiting effect. Both Larix gmelinii Rupr. and Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc had strong smoke inhibiting effect, and Larix gmelinii Rupr. and Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc was most recommended as fire resistance species for fire-preventing forest belts.

scholarly journals Tree species identification via 1H NMR fingerprinting of supercritical carbon dioxide wood extractives

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 2371-2384
Author(s):  
Laura G. Raymond ◽  
David Sandquist ◽  
Stefan J. Hill ◽  
Roger Meder ◽  
Volker C. Behr
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
Water Redistribution ◽  
Shining Gum

Six tree species were examined using 1H NMR spectroscopy of sap extracted by supercritical CO2. A metabolomic approach was developed to evaluate the sap extracted from sapwood of Norway spruce (Picea abies), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), radiata pine (Pinus radiata), macrocarpa (Cupressus macrocarpa), and two Eucalyptus species—shining gum and mountain ash (Eucalyptus nitens and Eucalyptus regnans. The sap extraction patterns in the different species were visualised using 1H magnetic resonance imaging. In softwoods with distinct annual rings, water was first removed from the latewood bands, and then gradually from the earlywood bands. In the case of the hardwood species an almost random water redistribution, rather than water expulsion, was observed. Analysis of the principal component analysis loading plots showed that the significant differences in the sap between each species were due to the carbohydrate region. Key discriminators were identified as pinitol, sucrose, glucose, and fructose.

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