A High-Level Semantics for Program Execution under Total Store Order Memory

2013 ◽  
pp. 177-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brijesh Dongol ◽  
Oleg Travkin ◽  
John Derrick ◽  
Heike Wehrheim
Keyword(s):  
Program Execution ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals The Nondeterministic Situation Calculus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe De Giacomo ◽  
Yves Lespérance
Keyword(s):  
Situation Calculus ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
Program Execution ◽  
Frame Problem ◽  
Atomic Actions ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Frame Problem ◽  
Standard Situation ◽  
Nondeterministic Actions

The standard situation calculus assumes that atomic actions are deterministic. But many domains involve nondeterministic actions, with problems such as fully observable nondeterministic (FOND) planning and high-level program execution requiring solutions. Various approaches have been proposed to accommodate nondeterminism on top of the standard situation calculus language, for instance by introducing nondeterministic programs as in Golog and ConGolog. But a key problem in these approaches is that they don’t clearly distinguish between choices that can be made by the agent and choices that are made by the environment, i.e., angelic vs. devilish nondeterminism. In this paper, we propose a simple extension to the standard situation calculus that accommodates nondeterministic actions and preserves Reiter’s solution to the frame problem and answering projection queries through regression. We also provide a formalization of FOND planning and show how ConGolog high-level program execution in nondeterministic domains can be defined.

scholarly journals A certified lightweight non-interference Java bytecode verifier

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1032-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
GILLES BARTHE ◽  
DAVID PICHARDIE ◽  
TAMARA REZK
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Type System ◽  
Type Systems ◽  
Program Execution ◽  
Flow Type ◽  
Java Bytecode ◽  
First Sound ◽  
Coq Proof Assistant ◽  
High Level

Non-interference guarantees the absence of illicit information flow throughout program execution. It can be enforced by appropriate information flow type systems. Much of the previous work on type systems for non-interference has focused on calculi or high-level programming languages, and existing type systems for low-level languages typically omit objects, exceptions and method calls. We define an information flow type system for a sequential JVM-like language that includes all these programming features, and we prove, in the Coq proof assistant, that it guarantees non-interference. An additional benefit of the formalisation is that we have extracted from our proof a certified lightweight bytecode verifier for information flow. Our work provides, to the best of our knowledge, the first sound and certified information flow type system for such an expressive fragment of the JVM.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of C++ and Python in Terms of Memory and Time

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzeen Zehra ◽  
Maha Javed ◽  
Darakhshan Khan ◽  
Maria Pasha
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Operating Systems ◽  
Memory Management ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Program Execution ◽  
Execution Speed ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
High Level

In this era of technology, programming has become more significant than ever before. Python and C++ are both widely used programming languages. Python, the most popular programming language in today’s world, is a high-level object-oriented language whereas C++, the language behind most operating systems, is a low-level object-oriented language. In this paper, we present a comparative study of Python and C++. This paper discusses the introduction to these languages, their memory management techniques, and the reasons behind their program execution speed. Furthermore, we analyzed the execution time and memory used by multiple algorithms in both the languages with best, average, and worst cases. They are also compared with respect to the benefits and issues related to them. Results indicate that C++ is faster than Python in execution speed but Python serves as a better language for beginners due to its simplicity. Moreover, for the best results, the language should be selected according to the type of project.

scholarly journals Generic program monitoring by trace analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 611-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERWAN JAHIER ◽  
MIREILLE DUCASSÉ
Keyword(s):  
Program Execution ◽  
Separation Of Concerns ◽  
Execution Monitoring ◽  
Information Monitoring ◽  
Execution Traces ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Application Developers ◽  
Time Information

Program execution monitoring consists of checking whole executions for given properties, and collecting global run-time information. Monitoring gives valuable insights and helps programmers maintain their programs. However, application developers face the following dilemma: either they use existing monitoring tools which never exactly fit their needs, or they invest a lot of effort to implement relevant monitoring code. In this paper, we argue that when an event-oriented tracer exists, the compiler developers can enable the application developers to easily code their own monitors. We propose a high-level primitive called foldt which operates on execution traces. One of the key advantages of our approach is that it allows a clean separation of concerns; the definition of monitors is totally distinct from both the user source code and the language compiler. We give a number of applications of the use of foldt to define monitors for Mercury program executions: execution profiles, graphical abstract views, and two test coverage measurements. Each example is implemented by a few simple lines of Mercury.

Transcription factor/DNA interactions visualized by electron spectroscopic imaging

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
David P. Bazett-Jones ◽  
Mark L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Dna Backbone ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
High Level

A multisubunit RNA polymerase enzyme is ultimately responsible for transcription initiation and elongation of RNA, but recognition of the proper start site by the enzyme is regulated by general, temporal and gene-specific trans-factors interacting at promoter and enhancer DNA sequences. To understand the molecular mechanisms which precisely regulate the transcription initiation event, it is crucial to elucidate the structure of the transcription factor/DNA complexes involved. Electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) provides the opportunity to visualize individual DNA molecules. Enhancement of DNA contrast with ESI is accomplished by imaging with electrons that have interacted with inner shell electrons of phosphorus in the DNA backbone. Phosphorus detection at this intermediately high level of resolution (≈lnm) permits selective imaging of the DNA, to determine whether the protein factors compact, bend or wrap the DNA. Simultaneously, mass analysis and phosphorus content can be measured quantitatively, using adjacent DNA or tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as mass and phosphorus standards. These two parameters provide stoichiometric information relating the ratios of protein:DNA content.

Advances in Stem Instrumentation for Biology

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 362-363
Author(s):  
J. S. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Active User ◽  
Percent Improvement ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Film Substrate ◽  
High Level

The forte of the Scanning transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) is high resolution imaging with high contrast on thin specimens, as demonstrated by visualization of single heavy atoms. of equal importance for biology is the efficient utilization of all available signals, permitting low dose imaging of unstained single molecules such as DNA.Our work at Brookhaven has concentrated on: 1) design and construction of instruments optimized for a narrow range of biological applications and 2) use of such instruments in a very active user/collaborator program. Therefore our program is highly interactive with a strong emphasis on producing results which are interpretable with a high level of confidence.The major challenge we face at the moment is specimen preparation. The resolution of the STEM is better than 2.5 A, but measurements of resolution vs. dose level off at a resolution of 20 A at a dose of 10 el/A2 on a well-behaved biological specimen such as TMV (tobacco mosaic virus). To track down this problem we are examining all aspects of specimen preparation: purification of biological material, deposition on the thin film substrate, washing, fast freezing and freeze drying. As we attempt to improve our equipment/technique, we use image analysis of TMV internal controls included in all STEM samples as a monitor sensitive enough to detect even a few percent improvement. For delicate specimens, carbon films can be very harsh-leading to disruption of the sample. Therefore we are developing conducting polymer films as alternative substrates, as described elsewhere in these Proceedings. For specimen preparation studies, we have identified (from our user/collaborator program ) a variety of “canary” specimens, each uniquely sensitive to one particular aspect of sample preparation, so we can attempt to separate the variables involved.

A Questionnaire Survey of Current Rehabilitation Practices for Adults With Normal Hearing Sensitivity Who Experience Auditory Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-761
Author(s):  
Tess K. Koerner ◽  
Melissa A. Papesh ◽  
Frederick J. Gallun
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Considerable Benefit ◽  
High Level

Purpose A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information from clinical audiologists about rehabilitation options for adult patients who report significant auditory difficulties despite having normal or near-normal hearing sensitivity. This work aimed to provide more information about what audiologists are currently doing in the clinic to manage auditory difficulties in this patient population and their views on the efficacy of recommended rehabilitation methods. Method A questionnaire survey containing multiple-choice and open-ended questions was developed and disseminated online. Invitations to participate were delivered via e-mail listservs and through business cards provided at annual audiology conferences. All responses were anonymous at the time of data collection. Results Responses were collected from 209 participants. The majority of participants reported seeing at least one normal-hearing patient per month who reported significant communication difficulties. However, few respondents indicated that their location had specific protocols for the treatment of these patients. Counseling was reported as the most frequent rehabilitation method, but results revealed that audiologists across various work settings are also successfully starting to fit patients with mild-gain hearing aids. Responses indicated that patient compliance with computer-based auditory training methods was regarded as low, with patients generally preferring device-based rehabilitation options. Conclusions Results from this questionnaire survey strongly suggest that audiologists frequently see normal-hearing patients who report auditory difficulties, but that few clinicians are equipped with established protocols for diagnosis and management. While many feel that mild-gain hearing aids provide considerable benefit for these patients, very little research has been conducted to date to support the use of hearing aids or other rehabilitation options for this unique patient population. This study reveals the critical need for additional research to establish evidence-based practice guidelines that will empower clinicians to provide a high level of clinical care and effective rehabilitation strategies to these patients.

805: High-Level Cyclin D1 is Associated with High Gleason Grade and Predicts Worse Biochemical-Free Survival in Prostate Cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 260-260
Author(s):  
Rile Li ◽  
Hong Dai ◽  
Thomas M. Wheeler ◽  
Anna Frolov ◽  
Gustavo Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Gleason Grade ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
High Level
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