Recent Developments in the Evaluation and Optimization of Flexible Chemical Processes

One approach towards the creation of bottom-up synthetic biological systems of higher complexity relies on the subcompartmentalization of synthetic cell structures using artificially generated organelles — roughly mimicking the architecture of eukaryotic cells. Organelles create dedicated chemical environments for specific synthesis tasks — they separate incompatible processes from each other and help to create or maintain chemical gradients that drive other chemical processes. Artificial organelles have been used to compartmentalize enzyme reactions, to generate chemical fuels via photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, and they have been utilized to spatially organize cell-free gene expression reactions. In this short review article, we provide an overview of recent developments in this field, which involve a wide variety of compartmentalization strategies ranging from lipid and polymer membrane systems to membraneless compartmentalization via coacervation.

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Recent Developments on N-Heterocyclic Carbene Supported Zinc Complexes: Synthesis and Use in Catalysis

Synthesis ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1610088 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (18) ◽

pp. 3662-3670 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Samuel Dagorne

Keyword(s):

Small Molecules ◽

Chemical Processes ◽

Aryl Halides ◽

Present Contribution ◽

Alkyl Aryl ◽

Cyclic Esters ◽

Alkyl Derivatives ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Ready Access ◽

Further Development

The present contribution reviews the synthesis, reactivity, and use in catalysis of NHC–Zn complexes reported since 2013. NHC-stabilized Zn(II) species typically display enhanced stability relative to common organozinc species (such as Zn dialkyls), a feature of interest for the mediation of various chemical processes and the stabilization of reactive Zn-based species. Their use in catalysis is essentially dominated by reduction reactions of various unsaturated small molecules (including CO2), thus primarily involving Zn–H and Zn–alkyl derivatives as catalysts. Simple NHC adducts of Zn(II) dihalides also appear as effective catalysts for the reduction amination of CO2 and borylation of alkyl/aryl halides. Stable and well-defined Zn alkoxides have also been prepared and behave as effective catalysts in the polymerization of cyclic esters/carbonates for the production of well-defined biodegradable materials. Overall, the attractive features of NHC-based Zn(II) species include ready access, a reasonable stability/reactivity balance, and steric/electronic tunability (through the NHC source), which should promote their further development.1 Introduction2 NHC-Supported Zinc Alkyl/Aryl Species2.1 Synthesis2.2 Reactivity and Use in Catalysis3 NHC-Supported Zinc Hydride Species3.1 Synthesis3.2 Reactivity and Use in Catalysis4 NHC-Supported Zinc Amido/Alkoxide Species4.1 Synthesis4.2 Use in Catalysis5 NHC-Supported Zinc Dihalide Species5.1 Synthesis5.2 Use in Catalysis6 Other NHC-Stabilized Zn Species7 Conclusion

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Irradiation in chemical processes. Recent developments

Polymer ◽

10.1016/0032-3861(76)90123-3 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 264

Author(s):

J.T. Guthrie

Keyword(s):

Chemical Processes ◽

Recent Developments

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IsoCor: isotope correction for high-resolution MS labeling experiments

Bioinformatics ◽

10.1093/bioinformatics/btz209 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (21) ◽

pp. 4484-4487 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Pierre Millard ◽

Baudoin Delépine ◽

Matthieu Guionnet ◽

Maud Heuillet ◽

Floriant Bellvert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Chemical Species ◽

Chemical Processes ◽

Correction Algorithm ◽

Command Line Interface ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Isotopic Species ◽

Isotopic Studies ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Streamline Integration

Abstract Summary Mass spectrometry (MS) is widely used for isotopic studies of metabolism and other (bio)chemical processes. Quantitative applications in systems and synthetic biology require to correct the raw MS data for the contribution of naturally occurring isotopes. Several tools are available to correct low-resolution MS data, and recent developments made substantial improvements by introducing resolution-dependent correction methods, hence opening the way to the correction of high-resolution MS (HRMS) data. Nevertheless, current HRMS correction methods partly fail to determine which isotopic species are resolved from the tracer isotopologues and should thus be corrected. We present an updated version of our isotope correction software (IsoCor) with a novel correction algorithm which ensures to accurately exploit any chemical species with any isotopic tracer, at any MS resolution. IsoCor v2 also includes a novel graphical user interface for intuitive use by end-users and a command-line interface to streamline integration into existing pipelines. Availability and implementation IsoCor v2 is implemented in Python 3 and was tested on Windows, Unix and MacOS platforms. The source code and the documentation are freely distributed under GPL3 license at https://github.com/MetaSys-LISBP/IsoCor/ and https://isocor.readthedocs.io/.

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Dynamic Structural and Chemical Responses of Energetic Solids

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2012.59 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1405 ◽

Author(s):

Haoyan Wei ◽

Choong-Shik Yoo

Keyword(s):

Energetic Materials ◽

Chemical Processes ◽

Dynamic Responses ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Single Event ◽

Time Resolved ◽

X Ray ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Fragmentation Dynamics

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the dynamic responses of energetic materials is central to evaluating the energetic and chemical performance as well as development of novel energetic solids. These include thermal, mechanical and chemical processes in a relevant temporal (ns-to-μs) and spatial (atomistic-to-micro) scales. In this paper, we describe our recent developments of time-resolved characterization techniques capable of probing real-time structural and chemical evolutions across single event, metal combustions and intermetallic reactions. The methods utilize highspeed microphotography, spectro-pyrometry, and synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction and determine in-situ the particle sizes, temperatures and structures in μs time resolution. These timeresolved data provide insights into the fragmentation dynamics, thermal history, phase transitions, reaction mechanisms, and chemical kinetics governing these exothermic metal combustions and intermetallic reactions.

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Recent Developments in Industrial Wastewater Treatment: The Role of Physico-Chemical Processes in Metal Control

Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment II ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-77827-8_29 ◽

1992 ◽

pp. 449-456

Author(s):

G. Tiravanti

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Industrial Wastewater ◽

Chemical Processes ◽

Industrial Wastewater Treatment ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Recent Developments

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Advances in Pyranopyrazole Scaffolds’ Syntheses Using Sustainable Catalysts—A Review

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113270 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3270

Author(s):

Ravi Kumar Ganta ◽

Nagaraju Kerru ◽

Suresh Maddila ◽

Sreekantha B. Jonnalagadda

Keyword(s):

Organic Synthesis ◽

Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽

Heterocyclic Ring ◽

Chemical Processes ◽

Metallic Materials ◽

One Pot ◽

Design And Synthesis ◽

Recyclable Catalysts ◽

Recent Developments ◽

The One

Heterogeneous catalysis plays a crucial role in many chemical processes, including advanced organic preparations and the design and synthesis of new organic moieties. Efficient and sustainable catalysts are vital to ecological and fiscal viability. This is why green multicomponent reaction (MCR) approaches have gained prominence. Owing to a broad range of pharmacological applications, pyranopyrazole syntheses (through the one-pot strategy, employing sustainable heterogeneous catalysts) have received immense attention. This review aimed to emphasise recent developments in synthesising nitrogen-based fused heterocyclic ring frameworks, exploring diverse recyclable catalysts. The article focused on the synthetic protocols used between 2010 and 2020 using different single, bi- and tri-metallic materials and nanocomposites as reusable catalysts. This review designated the catalysts’ efficacy and activity in product yields, reaction time, and reusability. The MCR green methodologies (in conjunction with recyclable catalyst materials) proved eco-friendly and ideal, with a broad scope that could feasibly lead to advancements in organic synthesis.

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