In Vivo Evaluation of Hepatotoxicity by Invasive and Non-Invasive Techniques

1982 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
J. Bircher
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Techniques

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Assessment of Intravascular Pressure Gradients: A Review of Current and Proposed Novel Methods

Diagnostics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tin-Quoc Nguyen ◽  
Kristoffer Hansen ◽  
Thor Bechsgaard ◽  
Lars Lönn ◽  
Jørgen Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Bernoulli Equation ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Invasive catheterization is associated with a low risk of serious complications. However, although it is the gold standard for measuring pressure gradients, it induces changes to blood flow and requires significant resources. Therefore, non-invasive alternatives are urgently needed. Pressure gradients are routinely estimated non-invasively in clinical settings using ultrasound and calculated with the simplified Bernoulli equation, a method with several limitations. A PubMed literature search on validation of non-invasive techniques was conducted, and studies were included if non-invasively estimated pressure gradients were compared with invasively measured pressure gradients in vivo. Pressure gradients were mainly estimated from velocities obtained with Doppler ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. Most studies used the simplified Bernoulli equation, but more recent studies have employed the expanded Bernoulli and Navier–Stokes equations. Overall, the studies reported good correlation between non-invasive estimation of pressure gradients and catheterization. Despite having strong correlations, several studies reported the non-invasive techniques to either overestimate or underestimate the invasive measurements, thus questioning the accuracy of the non-invasive methods. In conclusion, more advanced imaging techniques may be needed to overcome the shortcomings of current methods.

scholarly journals Development of non-invasive Raman spectroscopy for in vivo evaluation of bone graft osseointegration in a rat model

The Analyst ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (12) ◽  
pp. 3142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul I. Okagbare ◽  
Francis W. L. Esmonde-White ◽  
Steven A. Goldstein ◽  
Michael D. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Imaging of microglial activation in MS using PET: Research use and potential future clinical application

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Airas ◽  
Eero Rissanen ◽  
Juha Rinne
Keyword(s):  
Complex Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease, where several processes can be selected as a target for positron emission topography (PET) imaging. Unlike magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), PET provides specific and quantitative information, and unlike neuropathology, it can be non-invasively applied to living patients, which enables longitudinal follow-up of the MS pathology. In the study of MS, PET can be useful for in vivo evaluation of specific pathological characteristics at various stages of the disease. Increased understanding of the progressive MS pathology will enhance the treatment options of this undertreated condition. The ultimate goal of developing and expanding PET in the study of MS is to have clinical non-invasive in vivo imaging biomarkers of neuroinflammation that will help to establish prognosis and accurately measure response to therapeutics. This topical review provides an overview of the promises and challenges of the use of PET in MS.

scholarly journals A Bright Future for Fluorescence Imaging of Fungi in Living Hosts

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambre Chapuis ◽  
Elizabeth Ballou ◽  
Donna MacCallum
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Models ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Reporter Proteins ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Traditional in vivo investigation of fungal infection and new antifungal therapies in mouse models is usually carried out using post mortem methodologies. However, biomedical imaging techniques focusing on non-invasive techniques using bioluminescent and fluorescent proteins have become valuable tools. These new techniques address ethical concerns as they allow reduction in the number of animals required to evaluate new antifungal therapies. They also allow better understanding of the growth and spread of the pathogen during infection. In this review, we concentrate on imaging technologies using different fungal reporter proteins. We discuss the advantages and limitations of these different reporters and compare the efficacy of bioluminescent and fluorescent proteins for fungal research.

In vivo study of scleroderma by non-invasive techniques

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. KALIS ◽  
J. RIGAL ◽  
F. LEONARD ◽  
J.L. LEVEQUE ◽  
O. RICHE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Techniques

scholarly journals Anterior visual system imaging to investigate energy failure in multiple sclerosis

Brain ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (7) ◽  
pp. 1999-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Kleerekooper ◽  
Axel Petzold ◽  
S Anand Trip
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Abstract Mitochondrial failure and hypoxia are key contributors to multiple sclerosis pathophysiology. Importantly, improving mitochondrial function holds promise as a new therapeutic strategy in multiple sclerosis. Currently, studying mitochondrial changes in multiple sclerosis is hampered by a paucity of non-invasive techniques to investigate mitochondrial function of the CNS in vivo. It is against this backdrop that the anterior visual system provides new avenues for monitoring of mitochondrial changes. The retina and optic nerve are among the metabolically most active structures in the human body and are almost always affected to some degree in multiple sclerosis. Here, we provide an update on emerging technologies that have the potential to indirectly monitor changes of metabolism and mitochondrial function. We report on the promising work with optical coherence tomography, showing structural changes in outer retinal mitochondrial signal bands, and with optical coherence angiography, quantifying retinal perfusion at the microcapillary level. We show that adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy can visualize live perfusion through microcapillaries and structural changes at the level of single photoreceptors and neurons. Advantages and limitations of these techniques are summarized with regard to future research into the pathology of the disease and as trial outcome measures.

IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EVALUATION OF A NON INVASIVE RESPIRATORY MONITOR

1991 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. A398-A398
Author(s):  
M. Cigada ◽  
J. Sebastianelli ◽  
W. Fordyce ◽  
E. M. Camporesi
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Retinal Vessel Responses to Flicker Stimulation Are Impaired in Cav2.3-Deficient Mice—An in-vivo Evaluation Using Retinal Vessel Analysis (RVA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Neumaier ◽  
Konstantin Kotliar ◽  
Roel Hubert Louis Haeren ◽  
Yasin Temel ◽  
Jan Niklas Lüke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Retinal Vessel ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Retinal Vessel Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Flicker Stimulation ◽  
Deficient Mice

Objective: Metabolic demand increases with neuronal activity and adequate energy supply is ensured by neurovascular coupling (NVC). Impairments of NVC have been reported in the context of several diseases and may correlate with disease severity and outcome. Voltage-gated Ca2+-channels (VGCCs) are involved in the regulation of vasomotor tone. In the present study, we compared arterial and venous responses to flicker stimulation in Cav2.3-competent (Cav2.3[+/+]) and -deficient (Cav2.3[−/−]) mice using retinal vessel analysis.Methods: The mice were anesthetized and the pupil of one eye was dilated by application of a mydriaticum. An adapted prototype of retinal vessel analyzer was used to perform dynamic retinal vessel analysis. Arterial and venous responses were quantified in terms of the area under the curve (AUCart/AUCven) during flicker application, mean maximum dilation (mMDart/mMDven) and time to maximum dilation (tMDart/tMDven) during the flicker, dilation at flicker cessation (DFCart/DFCven), mean maximum constriction (mMCart/mMCven), time to maximum constriction (tMCart/tMCven) after the flicker and reactive magnitude (RMart/RMven).Results: A total of 33 retinal scans were conducted in 22 Cav2.3[+/+] and 11 Cav2.3[−/−] mice. Cav2.3[−/−] mice were characterized by attenuated and partially reversed arterial and venous responses, as reflected in significantly lower AUCart (p = 0.031) and AUCven (p = 0.047), a trend toward reduced DFCart (p = 0.100), DFCven (p = 0.100), mMDven (p = 0.075), and RMart (p = 0.090) and a trend toward increased tMDart (p = 0.096).Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study using a novel, non-invasive analysis technique to document impairment of retinal vessel responses in VGCC-deficient mice. We propose that Cav2.3 channels could be involved in NVC and may contribute to the impairment of vasomotor responses under pathophysiological conditions.

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