Organic Solvents Affect Rat Synaptosome Membrane Acetylcholinesterase and Adenosine Triphosphatase In Vitro

1988 ◽  
pp. 384-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Korpela
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Synaptosome Membrane

In Vitro Effect of Chlorquine and Picroliv on Plasmodium Berghei Induced Alterations in the Activity of Adenosine Triphosphatase, Aryl Hyrocarbon Hydroxylase Enzymes and Malondialdehyde in spleen Explant Culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anchal Trivedi ◽  
Aparna Misra ◽  
Esha Sarkar ◽  
Anil K. Balapure
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Explant Culture ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
High Level ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Background: In recent years, great progress has been made in reducing the high level of malaria suffering worldwide. There is a great need to evaluate drug resistance reversers and consider new medicines against malaria. There are many approaches to the development of antimalarial drugs. Specific concerns must be taken in to account in these approaches, in particular there requirement for very in expensive and simple use of new therapies and the need to limit drug discovery expenses. Important ongoing efforts are the optimisation of treatment with available medications, including the use of combination therapy. The production of analogs of known agents and the identification of natural products, the use of compounds originally developed against other diseases, the assessment of overcoming drug resistance and the consideration of new therapeutic targets. Liver and spleen are the important organs which are directly associated with malarial complications. Aim: An analysis the Activity of Adenosine Triphosphatase, Aryl Hyrocarbon Hydroxylase Enzymes and Malondialdehyde in spleen Explant Culture. Objective: To determine in-Vitro Effect of Chlorquine and Picroliv on Plasmodium Berghei Induced Alterations in the Activity of Adenosine Triphosphatase, Aryl Hyrocarbon Hydroxylase Enzymes and Malondialdehyde in spleen Explant Culture. Material and method: 1-Histological preparation of spleen explants for paraplast embedding 2-Biochemicalstudies (Enzymes (Atpase, ALP&GST) and the level of protein, Malondialdehyde (MDA). Result: Splenomegalyis one of the three main diagnostic parameters of malaria infection besides fever and anaemia. Many enzymes present in the liver and spleen may also be altered or liberated under different pathological conditions. Enzymes (ATPase, ALP&GST) and the level of protein, Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was found to increase in the liver and spleen explants during malarial infection. In the liver and spleen derived from parasitized CQ treated animals, the activity of all the above enzymes (ATPase, ALP&GST) and the level of protein & MDA of liver/spleen reversed towards the normal for all the 4or3 days of incubations. Picroliv efficacy decreased with the increment of parasitaemia and at 60%parasitaemia. Conclusion: Alkalinephosphatase (ALP) was found to increase with increasing parasitaemia. After the addition of Picroliv to the medium, a decrement in the activity was observed up to day 4 of culture.A similar positive effect of Picroliv was observed on the ATPase and ALP activity of spleen explants.DNA and protein contents also increased in the parasitized liver cultured in the presence of picroliv.On the contrary, in the spleen explants DNA, protein and MDA content were found to decrease after Picroliv supplementation to the culture medium.

scholarly journals A mutation affecting a second component of the F0 portion of the magnesium ion-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase of Escherichia coli K12. The uncC424 allele

1977 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Gibson ◽  
G B Cox ◽  
J A Downie ◽  
J Radik
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Fluorescence Quenching ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Mutant Allele ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Magnesium Ion ◽  
New Mutation ◽  
Similar Phenotype

A new mutant strain of Escherichia coli in which phosphorylation is uncoupled from electron transport was isolated. The new mutant strain has a similar phenotype to the uncB mutant described previously; results from reconstitution experiments in vitro indicate that the new mutation also affects a component of the F0 portion of the Mg2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase. A method was developed to incorporate mutant unc alleles into plasmids. Partial diploid strains were prepared in which the uncB402 allele was incorporated into the plasmid and the new unc mutation into the chromosome, or vice versa. Complementation between the mutant unc alleles was indicated by growth on succinate, growth yields on glucose, ATP-dependent transhydrogenase activities, ATP-induced atebrin-fluorescence quenching and oxidative-phosphorylation measurements. The gene in which the new mutation occurs is therefore distinct from the uncB gene, and the mutant allele was designated uncC424.

scholarly journals Studies in vitro on the effects of 1H,2H,4H(5H)-octafluorocyclohexane and 1H,4H(2H)-nonafluorocyclohexane on enzymes and organelles

1969 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayasree Nath ◽  
H G Bray
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Toxic Compound ◽  
Marked Inhibition ◽  
Liver Homogenates ◽  
Nadh Cytochrome

A comparison has been made of the effect of 1H,2H,4H(5H)-octafluorocyclohexane, which is highly toxic (LD50 17mg./kg. in rats), and of 1H,4H(2H)-nonafluorocyclohexane, which is relatively non-toxic (LD50>440mg./kg. in rats), on the respiration of rat liver homogenates and mitochondria in vitro. 1H,2H,4H(5H)-Octafluorocyclohexane strongly inhibited the respiration of both homogenates and mitochondria, but neither compound had any significant effect on glycolysis or on glutamate dehydrogenase or NADH–cytochrome c reductase activity. 1H,2H,4H(5H)-Octafluorocyclohexane, however, caused a very marked inhibition of cytochrome oxidase activity, causing an almost complete lesion in this region of the respiratory chain. 1H,4H(2H)-Nonafluorocyclohexane was without effect in this respect. A marked decrease in turbidity of mitochondrial suspensions at 520nm. was caused by addition of both compounds, the effect being greater with 1H,2H,4H(5H)-octafluorocyclohexane. ATP, Mg2+ and bovine serum albumin did not reverse these changes. Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase activity was increased twofold by the toxic compound, but only slightly by the non-toxic compound. Electron-microscopic examination of mitochondria treated with 1H,2H,4H(5H)-octafluorocyclohexane revealed gross morphological damage, whereas the effect of 1H,4H(2H)-nonafluorocyclohexane appeared to be merely to cause swelling. The results obtained account, to some extent at any rate, for the toxic effects of 1H,2H,4H(5H)-octafluorocyclohexane.

scholarly journals Percutaneous absorption of thirty-eight organic solvents in vitro using pig skin

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. e0205458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Schenk ◽  
Matias Rauma ◽  
Martin N. Fransson ◽  
Gunnar Johanson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Percutaneous Absorption ◽  
Pig Skin

scholarly journals Oily formulations challenge: how to evaluate their beneficial effects in hydrophilic cell-based models?

OCL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. D508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elodie Olivier ◽  
Annabelle L’Hermitte ◽  
Patrice Rat ◽  
Melody Dutot
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cell Models ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Beneficial Effects

In the European Union, Israel and India, testing cosmetic products or their ingredients on animals is prohibited. In this context, in vitro cell models play a pivotal role in the evaluation of both safety and beneficial effects of cosmetics. Oily formulations, widely used in cosmetics, are complex to study on cell models due to their lipophilic nature that doesn’t match with hydrophilic culture medium. Organic solvents are then required to solubilize oily formulations, but they can interfere with the cellular response. To avoid the use of organic solvents, we developed a method based on cells to evaluate potential beneficial effects of oily formulations. Our method, suitable for high throughput screening, consists in: (1) incubating cells with oily formulations for a short time followed by a recovery period in culture medium and (2) studying cell parameters using robust techniques such as cytofluorometry and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Depending on the studied cell parameter, various beneficial effects can be revealed like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and skin regeneration. The field of cell parameters is open and can be extended to new perspectives in the development of oily formulations.

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