The Immune System — A Short Introduction to its Structure and Function

1990 ◽  
pp. 4-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Drews
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
System A ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals The thick waxy coat of mycobacteria, a protective layer against antibiotics and the host's immune system

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (10) ◽  
pp. 1983-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Batt ◽  
David E. Minnikin ◽  
Gurdyal S. Besra
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Complex Lipids ◽  
And Function

Tuberculosis, caused by the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is the leading cause of death from an infectious disease, with a mortality rate of over a million people per year. This pathogen's remarkable resilience and infectivity is largely due to its unique waxy cell envelope, 40% of which comprises complex lipids. Therefore, an understanding of the structure and function of the cell wall lipids is of huge indirect clinical significance. This review provides a synopsis of the cell envelope and the major lipids contained within, including structure, biosynthesis and roles in pathogenesis.

Structure and Function of the Immune System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Sadeghalvad ◽  
Hamid-Reza Mohammadi-Motlagh ◽  
Nima Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

A lattice theory approach to the structure of mental models

1990 ◽  
Vol 327 (1241) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical System ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Lattice Theory ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
System A ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
And Function ◽  
Objective Description

Lattice theory is proposed to provide a formalism for the knowledge base used as a mental model by the operator of a complex system. The ordering relation ‘>’ is interpreted as ‘is caused by’, and the lattice becomes a representation of the operator’s causal hypotheses about the system. A given system can be thought of causally in different ways (purposes, mechanics, physical form, etc.). Each gives rise to a separate lattice. These are related to each other and to an objective description of the structure and function of the physical system by homomorphic mappings. Errors arise when nodes on the mental lattices are not connected in the same way as the physical system lattice; when the latter changes so that the mental lattice no longer provides an accurate map, even as a homomorphism; or when inverse one-to-many mapping gives rise to ambiguities. Some suggestions are made about the design of displays and decision aids to reduce error.

scholarly journals Structure and Function of the Immune System

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin T. Schultz ◽  
Franziska Grieder
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

A Model for the Control of the Rat Estrous Cycle

1969 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neena B. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Reproduction System ◽  
System A ◽  
Cyclic Function ◽  
And Function

This paper first reviews the basic elements of the reproduction system in female mammals and indicates the adaptive significance of the cyclicity of structure and function always observed in this system. A detailed description of the reproductive cycle in the laboratory rat is then presented, and a theoretical model of the control of the rat estrous cycle is described. The purpose of the model is to “explain” the mechanism of cyclic function of reproduction in the rat. Some examples of the heuristic value of the model are then outlined, including the beginning of computer simulation.

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