Bisphosphonates: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Use in Hypercalcemia of Malignancy and Tumor-Induced Bone Destruction

1994 ◽  
pp. 144-176
Author(s):  
H. Fleisch
Keyword(s):  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Hypercalcemia Of Malignancy

Prospects for immunomodulatory therapy of bronchial asthma

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-391
Author(s):  
G. V. Cherepnev ◽  
Y. D. Slabnov ◽  
I. E. Zimakova
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Immunomodulatory Therapy ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Immunological Reactivity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Pharmacological Correction

The relevance of pharmacological correction of immunological reactivity is obvious: many socially significant diseases are accompanied by an imbalance in immune homeostasis. In the past few years, a number of reviews on the classification and mechanisms of action of immunotropic drugs approved for clinical use in the Russian Federation have been published in the domestic press.

Advancement of Natural Compounds as Anti- Rheumatoid Arthritis Agents: Focus on Their Mechanism of Actions

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanghe Yu ◽  
Yixing Qiu ◽  
Shumaila Tasneem ◽  
Muhammad Daniyal ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Pannus Formation ◽  
Synovial Hyperplasia ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Natural Plants

: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease categorized by infiltration of inflammatory cells, synovial hyperplasia, pannus formation and bone destruction, leading to disability worldwide. Despite the presence of the commercial availability of anti-RA agent on the market, the application of these drugs is limited due to its side effects. Anti-rheumatic drugs are more effective and safer being investigated by many researchers, especially, natural products with anti-RA have been identified and the underlying molecular mechanisms of action of novel and known compounds have been reported. In this review, we intend to provide a comprehensive view and updated on naturally occurring compounds known and novel that has the effect of anti-RA, and then classify them according to their molecular mechanisms of action in regulating the anti-RA lane main. The safety of compounds from natural plants and western medicine has also been briefly compared. In addition, the clinical trials with anti-RA compounds isolated from natural plants in RA were also summarized in this manuscript.

Stimulants and Other ADHD Medicines

2020 ◽  
pp. 231-266
Author(s):  
Arash Ansari ◽  
David N. Osser
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Black Box Warnings

The chapter on adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medicines discusses and reviews the use of psychostimulants (such as methylphenidate and amphetamines), and nonstimulants (such as atomoxetine, guanfacine, and clonidine). It reviews their mechanisms of action, clinical characteristics, potential medication interactions, and adverse effects. It further reviews stimulants’ risk of misuse and dependence. The chapter also briefly discusses complementary and alternative pharmacotherapies. It includes an in-depth review of the clinical use of these medications for ADHD (particularly in college students) and for other psychiatric disorders (such as binge-eating disorder) and other medical disorders. It also discusses the use of ADHD medicines in women of childbearing age, notably for pregnancy and breastfeeding considerations. Finally, the chapter includes a table of ADHD medicines that includes each medicine’s generic and brand names, usual adult doses, pertinent clinical comments, black box warnings, and Food and Drug Administration indications.

scholarly journals Plasma Gelsolin: Indicator of Inflammation and Its Potential as a Diagnostic Tool and Therapeutic Target

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Piktel ◽  
Ilya Levental ◽  
Bonita Durnaś ◽  
Paul Janmey ◽  
Robert Bucki
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Plasma Gelsolin ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Efficacy Of Treatment

Gelsolin, an actin-depolymerizing protein expressed both in extracellular fluids and in the cytoplasm of a majority of human cells, has been recently implicated in a variety of both physiological and pathological processes. Its extracellular isoform, called plasma gelsolin (pGSN), is present in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, milk, urine, and other extracellular fluids. This isoform has been recognized as a potential biomarker of inflammatory-associated medical conditions, allowing for the prediction of illness severity, recovery, efficacy of treatment, and clinical outcome. A compelling number of animal studies also demonstrate a broad spectrum of beneficial effects mediated by gelsolin, suggesting therapeutic utility for extracellular recombinant gelsolin. In the review, we summarize the current data related to the potential of pGSN as an inflammatory predictor and therapeutic target, discuss gelsolin-mediated mechanisms of action, and highlight recent progress in the clinical use of pGSN.

scholarly journals Donald Metcalf AC. 26 February 1929 — 15 December 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 409-431
Author(s):  
Nicos A. Nicola
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Medical Researchers

Donald Metcalf was one of Australia's most distinguished medical researchers and is acknowledged internationally as the father of the modern field of haemopoietic growth factors. He defined the hierarchy of haemopoietic progenitor cells, purified and cloned the major molecular regulators of their growth and maturation, determined their mechanisms of action and participated in their development for clinical use in cancer patients. He received numerous awards and distinctions during his career, but was most pleased by the fact that his life's work improved human health.

Neuropathic Pain: Mechanism-Based Therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty Bannister ◽  
Juliane Sachau ◽  
Ralf Baron ◽  
Anthony H. Dickenson
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Target Identification ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Pain State ◽  
Pain Mechanism

Neuropathic pain (NeP) can result from sources as varied as nerve compression, channelopathies, autoimmune disease, and incision. By identifying the neurobiological changes that underlie the pain state, it will be clinically possible to exploit mechanism-based therapeutics for maximum analgesic effect as diagnostic accuracy is optimized. Obtaining sufficient knowledge regarding the neuroadaptive alterations that occur in a particular NeP state will result in improved patient analgesia and a mechanism-based, as opposed to a disease-based, therapeutic approach to facilitate target identification. This will rely on comprehensive disease pathology insight; our knowledge is vastly improving due to continued forward and back translational preclinical and clinical research efforts. Here we discuss the clinical aspects of neuropathy and currently used drugs whose mechanisms of action are outlined alongside their clinical use. Finally, we consider sensory phenotypes, patient clusters, and predicting the efficacy of an analgesic for neuropathy.

scholarly journals Vitamin imposters: Hijacking the biosynthesis of coenzyme A for antimicrobial drug development

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Marianne de Villiers ◽  
Erick Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Drawing Board ◽  
To Come ◽  
Made In

Humankind's struggle to find cures for infectious diseases is as old as humanity itself. During the last century, we have probably made the greatest advance in our battle against these diseases: the discovery of antibiotics. Importantly, the first antimicrobial agents introduced for clinical use in 1937, the sulfonamide drugs, act by hijacking the disease-causing organism's biosynthetic pathway for making folic acid, a vitamin that is required in the synthesis of DNA and RNA. Since then, many other antibiotics with diverse mechanisms of action have been discovered, and, by the early 1960s, it seemed as if any infection could be treated successfully with a course of antibiotics. However, since the first introduction of these drugs, we have also started to suffer our greatest defeat: bacterial strains that show resistance against nearly every antibiotic were often isolated within a few years of their first clinical use. We have been forced back to the drawing board to come up with new antimicrobials, and this has led us to revisit the antimetabolite inhibition strategy used by the sulfonamide drugs. This article discusses the recent advances that have made in discovering compounds that interfere with the biosynthesis of the essential metabolic cofactor coenzyme A (CoA) from pantothenate (vitamin B5).

The Cephalosporin Antibiotics

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Toni Darville ◽  
Terry Yamauchi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Hospital Expenditures ◽  
Lactam Ring ◽  
Cephalosporin Antibiotics ◽  
Thiazolidine Ring ◽  
Antibacterial Spectrum

Introduction The first cephalosporin released for clinical use was cephalothin in 1964. Since that time, more than 20 cephalosporin antibiotics have been introduced. These are the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in the United States and account for the largest share of hospital expenditures. To determine which agent to use for an infection in a particular patient involves weighing competing claims of improved antibacterial spectrum, side effects, pharmacokinetics, and cost. This review will address these issues, as well as the basic mechanisms of action of the cephalosporins and their mechanisms of bacterial resistance. In addition, instances in which cephalosporins serve as appropriate alternatives or in which they offer distinct advantages over previously available antimicrobial agents will be described. Chemistry and Mechanism of Action Cephalosporins resemble penicillins (Fig.1) in that they have a β-lactam structure, but the five-member thiazolidine ring characteristic of the penicillins is replaced by a six-member dihydrothiazine ring (Fig. 2). The dihydrothiazine ring of the cephalosporins provides the molecule with the ability to resist bacterial enzymes; the antibacterial activity emanates from the β-lactam ring shared by penicillins and cephalosporins. Modifications at position 7 of the cephalosporin nucleus generally affect the antibacterial spectrum, and substitutions at position 3 of the dihydrothiazine ring alter the pharmacokinetics and metabolic parameters of the drug.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document