Identification and definition of acoustic relevant limit values for electric vehicles

2014 ◽  
pp. 1339-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Albers ◽  
Matthias Behrendt ◽  
Jan Fischer ◽  
D. Lieske
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Definition Of

Optimal Charging Management of Microgrid-Integrated Electric Vehicles

2022 ◽  
pp. 133-155
Author(s):  
Giulio Ferro ◽  
Riccardo Minciardi ◽  
Luca Parodi ◽  
Michela Robba
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Time Discretization ◽  
Small Time ◽  
Storage Element ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Discretization Step ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost

The relevance of electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing along with the relative issues. The definition of smart policies for scheduling the EVs charging process represents one of the most important problems. A discrete-event approach is proposed for the optimal scheduling of EVs in microgrids. This choice is due to the necessity of limiting the number of the decision variables, which rapidly grows when a small-time discretization step is chosen. The considered optimization problem regards the charging of a series of vehicles in a microgrid characterized by renewable energy source, a storage element, the connection to the main grid, and a charging station. The objective function to be minimized results from the weighted sum of the cost for purchasing energy from the external grid, the weighted tardiness of the services provided, and a cost related to the occupancy of the socket. The approach is tested on a real case study.

Shape Factors and Feasibility of Sheet Metal Hydroformed Components

2015 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 1134-1139
Author(s):  
Teresa Primo ◽  
Gabriele Papadia ◽  
Antonio del Prete
Keyword(s):  
Shape Factor ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Shape Factors ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Experimental Campaign ◽  
Correct Calculation ◽  
Proper Comparison ◽  
Definition Of

The authors have investigated, in other paper, the problem related to the definition of a “set of shape factors” in order to declare the feasibility of a product through sheet hydroforming. In particular the defined shape factors are three different a-dimensional coefficients by which it is possible to declare the feasibility of a product through the calculation, in different sections, of the three previous shape factors. The robustness of this methodology is related to the correct calculation of the “limit value” of each shape factor. In fact the feasibility is reached if, in any section, the calculated shape factors are higher than their respective limit values. In this paper the authors have performed an extensive numerical and experimental campaign, taking into account a different geometry respect to that of the first paper, in order to: re-calculate the limit value for each shape factor and, then, verify the correctness of the limit values exposed in the previous first paper. The numerical campaign has been used, after the evaluation of the accuracy of the numerical model, in order to study the feasibility of the product without engaging the hydroforming machine. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been extensively used in order to investigate and define each shape factor with a proper comparison to the macro feasibility of the chosen component geometry. The limit values that have been calculated by the authors in this paper are slightly different from those calculated in the first paper. From this point of view it is possible that, although the shape factors are a-dimensional coefficients, they are affected by different choices of the users as, for example, the dimensions of the initial blank. Anyway, the small differences in the shape factors limit values do not adversely affect the use of the shape factors in order to predict the feasibility of the product.

scholarly journals Critical minerals for electric vehicles: a telecoupling review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Datu Buyung Agusdinata ◽  
Hallie Eakin ◽  
Wenjuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Mineral Extraction ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Critical Mineral ◽  
Critical Minerals

Abstract The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) adoption, which plays a crucial role to reduce transportation carbon emissions, is leading to a surge in demand for critical minerals such as cobalt, nickel, lithium, and rare earths. Efforts to systematically address the emerging sustainability issues associated with critical minerals have been challenged by complex mineral supply chains, and the distal and geographically dispersed nature of social-ecological impacts from mineral extraction and processing and eventual use. In this review, we apply a bibliometric analysis of the literature in the 2010-2020 period to analyze the state of research on the issues of critical mineral extraction impacts and the global governance responses. We use the concept of telecoupling to structure our literature search and analysis across four themes: (1) critical minerals global trade and supply chain, (2) sustainability and resource policy and governance, (3) mining corporate social responsibility, and (4) information feedback and public discourse. We find a growing attention to the social-ecological implications of critical mineral extraction, but also fragmentation among thematic domains that could impede progress towards more coordinated system governance. Based on the analyses, the paper concludes with a definition of some research and engagement opportunities around the telecoupling themes.

scholarly journals EXTRACTING DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FROM INTERACTIVE GENETIC ALGORITHM EXPERIMENTS: APPLICATION TO THE DESIGN OF SOUNDS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1567-1576
Author(s):  
Tom Souaille ◽  
Jean-François Petiot ◽  
Mathieu Lagrange ◽  
Nicolas Misdariis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Interactive Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Listening Test ◽  
Design Recommendations ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Pareto Efficient ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe integration of users' perception in the design process is and important challenge for the optimization of products. This study describes how design recommendations can be drawn, from a perceptual experiment with a panel of subjects using a multi-objective interactive genetic algorithm (IGA). The application concerns the bi-objective optimization of the unpleasantness and the detectability of sounds for electric vehicles (EV). After a description of the experimental protocol for the assessment of the detectability and the unpleasantness of EV sounds (listening test), a set of optimal sounds (Pareto efficient) is defined with an IGA experiment. The analysis of these sounds, based on a probabilistic analysis of the selection process, leads to the definition of design recommendations. A second listening test, involving recommended sounds but also other design proposals, allows an evaluation of the validity of the approach. Results show that the sounds recommended obtain interesting performance, in particular to improve the detectability of EV sounds.

scholarly journals New way of definition of an androstenon

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 276-281
Author(s):  
T. A. Kuchmenko ◽  
D. A. Poryadina ◽  
D. A. Kuchmenko
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Small Concentration ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Threshold Limit Values ◽  
Pork Fat ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Sulfur Containing

By means of "an electronic nose" the problem of detection in salted pork fat of an androstenon is solved, even small concentration of which negatively affect consumer appeal of a product. The massif from eight differently selective gas sensors is applied to detecting of an androstenon. The massif is previously trained on easily volatile compounds of various classes (alcohols, ketones, water, nitrogen-containing connections). Significant differences in analytical signals of the massif of sensors at the maintenance of an androstenon in model test of salted pork fat at the level of 0.5 threshold limit values are established. Except an androstenon in crude salted pork fat also early signs of damage and also the overestimated moisture content are reliably fixed. Changes in test of salted pork fat at violation of storage conditions also authentically are registered a set of sensors though at the same time changes in color and a salted pork fat smell by tasters are not recorded. establishments of subtle differences in a smell of tests of salted pork fat are calculated parameters A (i/j) which are qualitative criteria of piezo-quartz microweighing. Parameters allow to identify in mix of substance and to track significant changes in structure of an equilibrium gas phase over tests. Responses of sensors with the modifiers sensitive to damage biomarkers are informative: alcohols, acids, ketones, nitrogen - and sulfur-containing connections while presence and the maintenance of an androstenon fix sensors with the modifiers sensitive to aromatic and cyclic hydrocarbons. A lot of the tests necessary for the analysis with double repetition did not exceed 5 g, measurement time – 60 with, the volume of an equilibrium gas phase of 5 cm3, an error – 10%. The analyzer of gases is reliable and easy-to-work.)

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