the definition of their limit values should also require the

The authors have investigated, in other paper, the problem related to the definition of a “set of shape factors” in order to declare the feasibility of a product through sheet hydroforming. In particular the defined shape factors are three different a-dimensional coefficients by which it is possible to declare the feasibility of a product through the calculation, in different sections, of the three previous shape factors. The robustness of this methodology is related to the correct calculation of the “limit value” of each shape factor. In fact the feasibility is reached if, in any section, the calculated shape factors are higher than their respective limit values. In this paper the authors have performed an extensive numerical and experimental campaign, taking into account a different geometry respect to that of the first paper, in order to: re-calculate the limit value for each shape factor and, then, verify the correctness of the limit values exposed in the previous first paper. The numerical campaign has been used, after the evaluation of the accuracy of the numerical model, in order to study the feasibility of the product without engaging the hydroforming machine. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been extensively used in order to investigate and define each shape factor with a proper comparison to the macro feasibility of the chosen component geometry. The limit values that have been calculated by the authors in this paper are slightly different from those calculated in the first paper. From this point of view it is possible that, although the shape factors are a-dimensional coefficients, they are affected by different choices of the users as, for example, the dimensions of the initial blank. Anyway, the small differences in the shape factors limit values do not adversely affect the use of the shape factors in order to predict the feasibility of the product.

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New way of definition of an androstenon

Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies ◽

10.20914/2310-1202-2019-1-276-281 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 276-281

Author(s):

T. A. Kuchmenko ◽

D. A. Poryadina ◽

D. A. Kuchmenko

Keyword(s):

Gas Phase ◽

Gas Sensors ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Small Concentration ◽

Limit Values ◽

Threshold Limit Values ◽

Pork Fat ◽

Time Changes ◽

Definition Of ◽

Sulfur Containing

By means of "an electronic nose" the problem of detection in salted pork fat of an androstenon is solved, even small concentration of which negatively affect consumer appeal of a product. The massif from eight differently selective gas sensors is applied to detecting of an androstenon. The massif is previously trained on easily volatile compounds of various classes (alcohols, ketones, water, nitrogen-containing connections). Significant differences in analytical signals of the massif of sensors at the maintenance of an androstenon in model test of salted pork fat at the level of 0.5 threshold limit values are established. Except an androstenon in crude salted pork fat also early signs of damage and also the overestimated moisture content are reliably fixed. Changes in test of salted pork fat at violation of storage conditions also authentically are registered a set of sensors though at the same time changes in color and a salted pork fat smell by tasters are not recorded. establishments of subtle differences in a smell of tests of salted pork fat are calculated parameters A (i/j) which are qualitative criteria of piezo-quartz microweighing. Parameters allow to identify in mix of substance and to track significant changes in structure of an equilibrium gas phase over tests. Responses of sensors with the modifiers sensitive to damage biomarkers are informative: alcohols, acids, ketones, nitrogen - and sulfur-containing connections while presence and the maintenance of an androstenon fix sensors with the modifiers sensitive to aromatic and cyclic hydrocarbons. A lot of the tests necessary for the analysis with double repetition did not exceed 5 g, measurement time – 60 with, the volume of an equilibrium gas phase of 5 cm3, an error – 10%. The analyzer of gases is reliable and easy-to-work.)

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Assessment of the Eye Irritating Properties of Chemicals by Applying Alternatives to the Draize Rabbit Eye Test: The Use of QSARs and In Vitro Tests for the Classification of Eye Irritation

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1177/026119290503300307 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 215-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Ingrid Gerner ◽

Manfred Liebsch ◽

Horst Spielmann

Keyword(s):

Alternative Methods ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Eye Irritation ◽

Limit Values ◽

Oecd Principles ◽

Irritation Test ◽

Definition Of ◽

Eye Lesions

Huggins has reported on the current situation relating to the development of alternatives to the Draize eye irritation test with rabbits, and an ECVAM Working Group have reviewed the efforts needed in order to replace this animal test within the next 10 years by using the results of non-animal assessment methods. Our report reviews regulatory experience gained over the last 20 years with the EU chemicals notification procedure with respect to the assessment of eye lesions observed in Draize tests. The nature of eye lesions and their importance for classification and labelling of possible hazards to human eyes are evaluated and discussed, with a view to promoting the development of specific in vitro assays which are able to discriminate between eye damage, moderate eye irritation, and minor irritation effects which are completely reversible within a few days. Structural alerts for the prediction of eye irritation/corrosion hazards to be classified and labelled according to international classification criteria, are presented, which should be validated in accordance with internationally agreed (OECD) principles for (Q)SAR system validation. Physicochemical limit values for prediction of the absence of any eye irritation potential relevant for human health can make available a definition of the applicability domains of alternative methods developed for the replacement of the Draize eye irritation test.

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SHEWHART’S CONTROL CHARTS IN THE TASKS OF DIAGNOSIS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORY

PROBLEMS OF SYSTEMIC APPROACH IN THE ECONOMY ◽

10.32782/2520-2200/2021-2-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nataliia Karaieva ◽

Ivan Varava

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Control Charts ◽

The State ◽

Stable States ◽

Limit Values ◽

Shewhart Control ◽

Periodic Monitoring ◽

Expert Assessments ◽

Definition Of ◽

Destructive Processes

Inconsistency and instability of planning processes are some of the important obstacles to achieving the goals of sustainable development of Ukraine today. This indicates the imperfection of the analytical function of the management system of sustainable development of the territory, which is associated with the forecasting and diagnosis of development processes. The thresholds of indicators for diagnosing the state of the territory by the level of stability (homeostasis) are fundamental, i.e. acceptable limit values, non-compliance (exceeding or not reaching) which leads to the emergence of destructive processes in the territory. The legislative approach is used in domestic practice to determine the threshold values of indicators, based on expert assessments of specialists. But the expert definition of these indicators is sufficiently subjective, which, in turn, does not preclude fundamental errors in diagnosing the state of the territory. In order to prevent subjectivism, it is advisable to use Shewhart control charts as a diagnostic tool to identify the uncontrolled state of the territory and answer the question: should or should not interfere with the system? The theory of control charts largely corresponds to the main provisions of the theories of sustainable development and «The Black Swan». Development is considered as a sequence of long periods in the theory of sustainable development, which is based on the basic principles of synergetic and nonlinear dynamics. These periods correspond to the stable states of the system (homeostasis), which are interrupted by periods of bifurcation (chaos). After a period of chaos, the system moves to the next qualitatively new steady state (attractor), the choice of which is usually determined by fluctuations (i.e., difficult to predict, new events, the so-called «Black Swans») at the bifurcation point. To study the problems of controllability of the process of sustainable development of the territory, the most suitable are Shewhart’s individuals control chart (X) and moving range (mR), which are used for periodic monitoring data and rapid detection of special causes (fluctuations). On the example of interpreting the results of XmR chart to diagnose the manageability of human development in Ukraine and Kuwait for 1990-2019 proved the feasibility of using a combined XmR chart in diagnosing the state of the territory on indicators or integrated indices that characterize various aspects of development.

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FINAL QUALITY OF A SUSTAINABLE LANDFILL AND POST-CLOSURE MANAGEMENT

Detritus ◽

10.31025/2611-4135/2020.13999 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 148-159

Author(s):

Valentina Grossule

Keyword(s):

Reference Values ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Storage Quality ◽

Acceptance Criteria ◽

Limit Values ◽

Legal Limit ◽

Stability Indexes ◽

Definition Of

Landfill should be designed and constructed in line with the principle of environmental sustainability, guaranteeing over a period of less than one generation (typically considered 30 years) the environmental equilibrium of Final Storage Quality, when waste stability and immobilisation of contaminants is achieved and all active measures of control may be removed without posing any further risk to the environment. The practical definition of FSQ, when a landfill can be released from aftercare, and a procedure for the technical and administrative termination of the post-closure management phase are an evident regulatory strategic need to assure the design of sustainable landfill. The aim of this paper is to provide a criterion to define the FSQ of landfill, based on the control of the analytical emission parameters and of stability indexes related to the residual emission potential. These should concur with the law’s acceptance criteria for the landfilling of wastes (LAC), and with the legal limit values (LLV) established for the emission of contaminants into the environment. The interrelationship between, stability indexes (emission potential), analytical emission parameters, LAC and LLV is discussed and reference values are provided. Finally, the paper proposes a procedure for the termination of technical and administrative aspects following the post-closure management in accordance with FSQ.

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KONSTRUKSI PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM DEBITUR DALAM PENYELESAIAN KREDIT BERMASALAH DENGAN PELAKSANAAN LELANG JAMINAN HAK TANGGUNGAN

Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum ◽

10.26532/jph.v2i1.1418 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

Lusia Sulastri

Keyword(s):

Legal Protection ◽

District Court ◽

Limit Values ◽

Limit Value ◽

Civil Lawsuit ◽

The Subject ◽

The Law ◽

Definition Of ◽

Mortgage Law

The resolutions of non-performing loans with tendering guarantee Encumbrance often bring up the resistance of the debtor in the form of Civil Lawsuit filed to the District Court whichis due to the complexity of the auction and several weaknesses inherent in the Mortgage Law. Issues that will be examined is the debtor regarding the cause of resistance and constructinglegal protection for the debtor, which will then be analyzed by juridical reasons debtor resistance and constructing legal protection for debtors. With the use of methods of doctrinal research is normative juridical will be reviewed by the study of civil cases in the District Court Majalengka and Cirebon.Research into the problem of resistance debtor caused the weaknesses that exist in the Law on Mortgage in particular Article 6 and Article 20 were used as opportunities in filing opposition by the debtor. Clauses are not clear and are not firmly set on the definition of injury Promise of a debtor, limit the authority becomes the object of Encumbrance, and the main thingis the complexity of the auction mainly related to the determination of the value of the object of encumbrance limit unilaterally by the creditor is considered unnatura.Resistance debtor raises the conception of the construction of legal protection to the debtor will be maintained, as well as the Law on Consumer Protection which regulates legal protectionfor debtors and also provides protection against collateral in the debtor from the arbitrariness of the determination of the limit value by “ Tendering Crime “ in the tendering process the security object security rights. Weakness contained in UUHT and determination of limit values of objects in the tenderingprocess encumbrance become the subject matter of this study. For it is very important that creditors be cautious in making loans to its customers, in the handling of non-performing loans,especially the tendering security rights regarding the value of the object of the tender limit creditors should remain guided by the principles of good faith and respect for the property of a person.

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Governing Occupational Exposure Using Thresholds: A Policy Biased Toward Industry

Science Technology & Human Values ◽

10.1177/01622439211015300 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 016224392110153

Author(s):

Emmanuel Henry

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Boundary Object ◽

Power Dynamics ◽

Occupational Exposure Limits ◽

Exposure Limits ◽

Limit Values ◽

Threshold Limit Values ◽

Scientific Expertise ◽

Definition Of ◽

Scientific Rationale

Strongly grounded in scientific knowledge, the instrument known as occupational exposure limits or threshold limit values has changed government modalities of exposure to hazardous chemicals in workplaces, transforming both the substance of the problem at hand and the power dynamics between the actors involved. Some of the characteristics of this instrument favor the interests of industries at the expense of employees, their representatives, and the authorities in charge of regulating these risks. First, this instrument can be analyzed as a boundary object that has very different uses in space and time. In particular, it is increasingly masking its industrial origins to appear as an instrument that is almost exclusively based on scientific rationale. In the case of asbestos and its substitutes, the use of an instrument relying on scientific expertise generates a specific temporality of implementation that allows manufacturers to take advantage of periods during which regulations are either nonexistent or very loose. Finally, the choice of a technoscientific definition of the issues contributes to shifting the negotiations to a field where companies are in a position of strength and their opponents are weakened.

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