Estimation of Flood Risks in Urban Areas — The Curb as a Challenge for SWE

2002 ◽  
pp. 441-445
Author(s):  
M. Hilden
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Risks

scholarly journals Contribution of public squares to the reduction of urban flooding risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nílberte Muniz de Sousa ◽  
Willames De Albuquerque Soares ◽  
Simone Rosa da Silva ◽  
Elivelthon Carlos do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Soil Water Retention Curve ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Hydrodynamic Properties ◽  
The Public ◽  
Flood Risks ◽  
Flooding Risk

Urbanization is directly linked to the process of impermeabilization of the soil in urban areas that contributes to the emergence of flood risks. The purpose of this study was to determine the hydrodynamic properties of the public squares in a flood-prone Brazilian city and determine to what extent they could contribute to the reduction of flooding. The Beerkan method was used to determine the hydrodynamic properties of the soil in nine squares located at critical flooding points in the city of Recife. This method uses simple ring infiltration and the collection of soil samples to obtain the soil granulometric distribution, thereby generating the soil water retention curve θ(h) and the hydraulic conductivity K(θ). The squares studied have similar hydrodynamic characteristics because of their similar soil texture classes, such as Loamy Sand and Sandy Loam. This made it possible for eight of the nine squares studied to be able to contribute positively to the reduction of flood risks by adapting them into micro infiltration basins that can receive the surface flows that overload the drainage network.

scholarly journals Green Space Optimization Strategy to Prevent Urban Flood Risk in the City Centre of Wuhan

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1517
Author(s):  
Yajing Liu ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Jianing Yu ◽  
Pengcheng Li ◽  
Liuqi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Flood Risks ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
Rainwater Runoff

Changing the water permeability ratio of urban underlying surface helps alleviate urban flood. This paper designs the swale identification experiment to modify the flood-submerging simulation experiment based on the SCS-CN model and proves that the results generated by the modified experiment better reflect the realities. The modified flood-submerging simulation experiment is then applied to downtown Wuhan to obtain the quantitative data. The data are used to quantify the catchment capacities of the lots. Based on the rainfall collection capacities, the maximum surface rainfall runoff volume that would not cause flood is arrived at using the rainfall runoff formula. The maximum runoff volume represents the rainwater storage capacities of the lot based on the proportion of the green space that is identified within the study area. The results suggest that this rainwater storage capacity evaluation model works efficiently to identify the urban areas with flood risks and provides the rainwater runoff thresholds for different areas. Adjustments in the spatial patterns and proportions of the green space help ensure that the rainwater runoff volume is below the thresholds, thus contributing to the prevention and control of the urban flood risks.

scholarly journals GIS-based Multicriteria Decision Analysis for Settlement Areas: A Case Study in Canik

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cem Kilicoglu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Analysis ◽  
Multicriteria Decision ◽  
Flood Risks ◽  
Total Study Area ◽  
New Settlements ◽  
Settlement Areas ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract In addition to population growth throughout the world due to migration from rural to urban areas, population density is constantly increasing in certain regions, thereby necessitating the introduction of new settlements in these regions. However, in the selection of settlement areas, no sufficient preliminary examinations are conducted; consequently, various natural disasters may cause significant life and property losses. Herein, the most suitable settlement areas were determined using multicriteria decision analysis in Canik District, where the population is constantly increasing. Therefore, this study is aimed to incorporate a new perspective to the studies on this subject. Within the scope of the study, landslide and flood risks, which are among the most important natural disasters in the region, were primarily evaluated, and risky areas were determined. Thereafter, suitable and unsuitable areas in terms of biocomfort, which affect people’s health, peace, comfort, and psychology, and which are also significant in terms of energy efficiency, were determined. At the last stage of the study, the most suitable settlement areas that are suitable in terms of both biocomfort and low level of landslide and flood risks were determined; the calculated proportion of such areas to the total study area is only 2.1%. Therefore, because these areas are insufficient for the establishment of new settlements, areas with low landslide and flood risks but unsuitable for biocomfort were secondarily determined; the ratio of these areas was calculated as 56.8%. The remaining areas are inconvenient for the establishment of settlements owing to the risk of landslides and floods; the ratio of these areas was calculated as 41.1%. The study is exemplary in the respect that the priority for the selection of settlement areas is specified, which can be applied for selecting new settlements for each region considering different criteria.

scholarly journals Innovations in Best Practices: Approaches to Managing Urban Areas and Reducing Flood Risk in Reggio Calabria (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3463
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Barbaro ◽  
Marcelo Miguez ◽  
Matheus de Sousa ◽  
Anna Ribeiro da Cruz Franco ◽  
Paula de Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Flood Risks ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Structural Measures

Urbanization increases imperviousness and reduces infiltration, retention, and evapotranspiration, frequently aggravating urban flooding due to greater runoff and higher and faster discharge peaks. Effective strategies to mitigate flood risks require a better understanding of the watershed dynamics and space to reverse the negative impacts. However, often cities do not have proper data sets to feed mathematical models that would be helpful in mapping water dynamics. Attempts to reduce flood risks have been made for decades by means of structural interventions but were frequently designed within the logic of a local scale, using limited available spaces and often merely shifting flooding downstream. Therefore, assessing urban floods requires a modeling approach capable of reflecting the watershed scale, considering interactions between hydraulic structures and urban landscape, where best practices and non-structural measures aim to improve community flood resilience through the reduction of social and financial costs in the long run. This paper proposes an integrated approach to analyze low impact development (LID) practices complemented by non-structural measures in a case study in southern Italy, supported by mathematical modeling in a strategy to overcome a context of almost no available data and limited urban open spaces.

scholarly journals Understanding the Costs of Inaction–An Assessment of Pluvial Flood Damages in Two European Cities

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicklin ◽  
Leicher ◽  
Dieperink ◽  
Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Flood Risks ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Flood Damages ◽  
Flood Damage Estimation

Today, over 50% of the global population lives near water. Due to population growth, ongoing economic development, and extreme weather events, urban areas are growing more susceptible to flood risks, and the costs of inaction of failing to manage flood risks are high. Research into the benefits of pluvial flood-risk management is needed to spread awareness and motivate investments in pluvial flood-risk reduction. So far, such research is lacking. This research therefore assesses pluvial flood damage from a single 60mm/1-hour rainfall event in the cities of Rotterdam and Leicester using 3Di flood modelling and the flood damage estimation tool (waterschadeschatter; WSS). The results demonstrate that potential pluvial flood damages exceed €10 million in each city. From this research, inhabitants and authorities of Leicester and Rotterdam can learn that preparing for upcoming pluvial floods can save millions of euros resulting from future damages. The application of these tools also makes clear that data availability is a highly relevant bottleneck to the pluvial flood damage assessment process. By addressing data shortages, flood damage estimates can be strengthened, which improves decision support and enhances the chance actions are taken in reducing pluvial flood risks.

Multicriteria Modelling for Managing Flood Risks in Urban Areas

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Silva Lucas Borges Leal ◽  
humberto Júlia Santos ◽  
Lima Lucas Eduardo dos Santos ◽  
Alencar Marcelo Hazin ◽  
De Almeida Jonatas Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Risks

scholarly journals Evaluation and communication of pluvial flood risks in urban areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo G. Schmitt ◽  
Christian Scheid
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flood Risks

Management of minor ailments in primary schoolchildren in rural and urban areas

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
J A Cantrill ◽  
B Johannesson ◽  
M Nicholson ◽  
P R Noyce
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Minor Ailments

Cannabis use in Switzerland: The role of attribution of drug use to friends, urbanization and repression 1The study was supported by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (Bundesamt für Gesundheit BAG) Grant 316.96.5980.

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Model ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Structural Variables ◽  
Hbsc Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Individual Use

Cannabis use does not show homogeneous patterns in a country. In particular, urbanization appears to influence prevalence rates, with higher rates in urban areas. A hierarchical linear model (HLM) was employed to analyze these structural influences on individuals in Switzerland. Data for this analysis were taken from the Switzerland survey of Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Study, the most recent survey to assess drug use in a nationally representative sample of 3473 15-year-olds. A total of 1487 male and 1620 female students indicated their cannabis use and their attributions of drug use to friends. As second level variables we included address density in the 26 Swiss Cantons as an indicator of urbanization and officially recorded offences of cannabis use in the Cantons as an indicator of repressive policy. Attribution of drug use to friends is highly correlated with cannabis use. The correlation is even more pronounced in urban Cantons. However, no association between recorded offences and cannabis use was found. The results suggest that structural variables influence individuals. Living in an urban area effects the attribution of drug use to friends. On the other hand repressive policy does not affect individual use.

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