Synergetics and Complexity: Emerging New Science and Civilization at the Turn of the Century

Turn-of-the century Argentine political leaders were deeply influenced by new ideas about the origin and treatment of criminality developed by the Italian positivist school of criminology. According to this school, crime was not the fruit of the criminal's wickedness, as classic penology had claimed, but was rather the result of a complex web of social and psycho-biological determinations of which the criminal had been a victim. This pathology called “crime” could be corrected if its origin was scientifically determined and if the new methods of rehabilitation prescribed for criminals and potential criminals were enforced. Although not all of the premises of the criminological school led by Lombroso, Ferri, and Garofalo were accepted uncritically in Argentina, the basic principles of the new science were widely adopted by jurists, doctors, hygienists and psychiatrists. These ideas were received in the context of massive European immigration, accelerated urbanization, and the emergence of a large working class.

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Microfabrication research at the National Submicron Facility

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100074331 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 86-89

Author(s):

E.D. Wolf

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuits ◽

Particle Physics ◽

High Speed ◽

New Technology ◽

High Energy ◽

High Energy Particle ◽

New Science ◽

Wide Range ◽

Intermediate Domain ◽

Circuit Function

Most microelectronics devices and circuits operate faster, consume less power, execute more functions and cost less per circuit function when the feature-sizes internal to the devices and circuits are made smaller. This is part of the stimulus for the Very High-Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program. There is also a need for smaller, more sensitive sensors in a wide range of disciplines that includes electrochemistry, neurophysiology and ultra-high pressure solid state research. There is often fundamental new science (and sometimes new technology) to be revealed (and used) when a basic parameter such as size is extended to new dimensions, as is evident at the two extremes of smallness and largeness, high energy particle physics and cosmology, respectively. However, there is also a very important intermediate domain of size that spans from the diameter of a small cluster of atoms up to near one micrometer which may also have just as profound effects on society as “big” physics.

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Emerging Nutrition Gaps in a World of Affluence - Micronutrient Intake and Status Globally

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000068 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 238-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Manfred Eggersdorfer ◽

Paul Walter

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Human Health ◽

Old Age ◽

Molecular Basis ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

New Science ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Micronutrient Intake

Nutrition is important for human health in all stages of life - from conception to old age. Today we know much more about the molecular basis of nutrition. Most importantly, we have learnt that micronutrients, among other factors, interact with genes, and new science is increasingly providing more tools to clarify this interrelation between health and nutrition. Sufficient intake of vitamins is essential to achieve maximum health benefit. It is well established that in developing countries, millions of people still suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. However, it is far less recognized that we face micronutrient insufficiencies also in developed countries.

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