Psychology and gender at the turn of the century.

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry L. Minton
Keyword(s):  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
And Gender

Rewriting the Body: Aida Overton Walker and the Social Formation of Cakewalking

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Krasner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
West African ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The Social ◽  
Anna Julia Cooper ◽  
And Gender

Although Aida Overton Walker (1880–1914) belonged to the same generation of turn-of-the-century African American performers as did Bob Cole, J. Rosamond Johnson, Bert Williams, and George Walker, she had a rather different view of how best to represent her race and gender in the performing arts. Walker taught white society in New York City how to do the Cakewalk, a celebratory dance with links to West African festival dance. In Walker's choreography of it, it was reconfigured with some ingenuity to accommodate race, gender, and class identities in an era in which all three were in flux. Her strategy depended on being flexible, on being able to make the transition from one cultural milieu to another, and on adjusting to new patterns of thinking. Walker had to elaborate her choreography as hybrid, merging her interpretation of cakewalking with the preconceptions of a white culture that became captivated by its form. To complicate matters, Walker's choreography developed during a particularly unstable and volatile period. As Anna Julia Cooper remarked in 1892.

Der weibliche Aufbruch um 1900

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Wybrands
Keyword(s):  
New Woman ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The New Woman ◽  
New Beginnings ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gabriele Reuter ◽  
Female Subjects

Around 1900 there was a generation of female authors who saw themselves as such, even without forming closer groups and combined this self-image with new beginnings and innovation. By analysing generationality as a characteristic of female narration Johanna Wybrands examines to what extent this constellation is also effective on a narrative level. Using well-founded, context-oriented text analyses, the author shows that much-read authors at the turn of the century such as Hedwig Dohm, Gabriele Reuter and Helene Böhlau, with their now often forgotten works, made an important contribution to the interplay between generation and gender, to narrative ways of becoming female subjects and to the prehistory of the New Woman of the 1920s.

scholarly journals The Quest for Whiteness in Willa Cather’s "My Ántonia" (1918) and Henry Roth’s "Call It Sleep" (1934)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia Vives Martinez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
My Antonia ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
The Status ◽  
Assimilation Process ◽  
And Gender

The aim of this paper is to trace the assimilation process of European immigrants to the United States at the turn of the century in Willa Cather’s My Ántonia (1918) and Henry Roth’s Call It Sleep (1934). Bearing in mind the historical relevance of race and whiteness in the United States, I analyse the changes performed by Cather’s and Roth’s protagonists in order to achieve the status of white. To this purpose, I provide a brief overview of the nature of whiteness in the United States and its epistemological changes to account for its importance within the novels. I then look at the transformations characters perform in terms of religious faith and gender norms, as well as their interaction with English and spaces to become integrated in the new land. In doing so, differences between the novels arise, but so does a subtext of violence common to the immigrant experience.

Making Good: On Parole in Early Twentieth-Century Illinois

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-389
Author(s):  
Morgan Shahan
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
State Legislatures ◽  
The State ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Former Prisoners ◽  
Gender Ideals ◽  
Parole System ◽  
And Gender

AbstractParole laws, passed by most state legislatures at the turn of the century, provide for the release of prisoners before the expiration of their maximum sentence and for their supervision during their transition to free society. This article explores the early years of the parole system in Illinois. While the Illinois parole law indicated that parole agents would watch over ex-prisoners and aid in their rehabilitation, the state instead relied on private individuals, businesses, and voluntary organizations to supervise parolees. Agreements forged between prison officials and these supervisors illustrate the extent to which the private sector took on the functions of the state during the Progressive Era. As a result, employers and voluntary organizations developed a range of surveillance practices to maintain control over former prisoners, using informal systems of assessment and notions of success to evaluate the parolees in their charge. Though the parole system represented innovation on the part of the Illinois state government—a nod to emergent rehabilitative frameworks in penology—the reliance on voluntary organizations and businesses wove older class and gender ideals into this newer, purportedly more scientific and objective institution. This essay illuminates the everyday challenges of life on parole, tracing the experiences of ex-prisoners during the process of reentry and exposing the constant negotiations between employers, voluntary organizations, prisons, and parolees.

“What a Mighty Power We Can Be”

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayliss J. Camp ◽  
Orit Kent
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Civic Organizations ◽  
Fraternal Organizations ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

This article shows that the rituals of fraternal organizations were more than mere theatrics; that is, that they served as expressions and enactments of important ideas about individual and collective identity, gender, equality, and collective action. Responding to gaps in past work on this subject, we examine variation in master narratives and modes of ritual enactment, comparing male and female and white and African American groups from the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. The fraternal orders examined used elements of one of three ideal-typical ritual models to initiate their members: these models are referred to here as proprietorship, helpmateship, and pilgrimage. Following Clawson 1989, we find that men's groups of both races used ritual models focusing on autonomy and incorporation into hierarchy. Women's groups de-emphasized connections between members and focused instead on “traditional” Victorian norms and roles for women. African American groups—and particularly those without white counterparts—emphasized the equality of members as well as the importance of collective efforts for social improvement. We discuss the complex ways ideas about race and gender were articulated within civic organizations at the turn of the century and how these findings contribute to our understanding of the relationship between culture and collective action.

Women, Class, and Gender: Muslim Jaffa and Haifa at the Turn of the 20th Century

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Agmon
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Court Records ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Late Ottoman

The following four stories were recorded among hundreds and thousands of others in the sharica court records of turn-of-the-century Jaffa and Haifa. There is no obvious connection among these four court cases. They raised various legal issues; the litigants were city-dwellers as well as villagers; and they also differed from one another in their socio-economic backgrounds. What these stories illustrate is that there was a major difference between the perception of family loyalties and obligations typical of men and women in the Muslim families of late Ottoman Jaffa and Haifa. I believe that it is important to recognize this difference if we want to understand gender relations in these families. I shall tell these stories first, then discuss the gender relations.

scholarly journals Autism and Gender Identity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Furlong
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Related Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Spectrum

Since the turn of the century, we are witnessing a dramatic surge in the numbers of children and adolescents referred to gender clinics, this is happening in the context of general increase in numbers of individuals identifying as non-binary. The chapter ahead will initially address the shifting landscape of gender dysphoria (GD), and provides a comprehensive overview of the latest findings in the fields of autism and GF. The higher rates of autism’ diagnosis among gender diverse samples prompted the development of several hypotheses that attempt to explain the link between autism spectrum and gender spectrum, as well as development of relevant clinical guidelines that contain strong advocacy for adolescents with neurodiversity not to be precluded from gaining access to gender-related services. In the public arena, a highly publicised UK High Court’s case that is commonly referred to as Bell v Tavistock highlighted the growing concerns regarding the unexplained surge in the number of adolescents identifying as having GF, as well as pointed to the lack of evidence that hormones and surgery improve long-term outcomes. The chapter explored the recommendations that came out of this ruling and highlighted the implications for Australian jurisdiction by illustrating medico-legal changes on Perth-based gender services.

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