Microfabrication research at the National Submicron Facility

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
E.D. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
New Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intermediate Domain ◽  
Circuit Function

Most microelectronics devices and circuits operate faster, consume less power, execute more functions and cost less per circuit function when the feature-sizes internal to the devices and circuits are made smaller. This is part of the stimulus for the Very High-Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program. There is also a need for smaller, more sensitive sensors in a wide range of disciplines that includes electrochemistry, neurophysiology and ultra-high pressure solid state research. There is often fundamental new science (and sometimes new technology) to be revealed (and used) when a basic parameter such as size is extended to new dimensions, as is evident at the two extremes of smallness and largeness, high energy particle physics and cosmology, respectively. However, there is also a very important intermediate domain of size that spans from the diameter of a small cluster of atoms up to near one micrometer which may also have just as profound effects on society as “big” physics.

scholarly journals An In-Network Cooperative Storage Schema Based on Neighbor Offloading in a Programmable Data Plane

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Shoujiang Dang ◽  
Rui Han
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Energy Particle ◽  
Resolution System ◽  
Data Plane ◽  
High Speed Data

In scientific domains such as high-energy particle physics and genomics, the quantity of high-speed data traffic generated may far exceed the storage throughput and be unable to be in time stored in the current node. Cooperating and utilizing multiple storage nodes on the forwarding path provides an opportunity for high-speed data storage. This paper proposes the use of flow entries to dynamically split traffic among selected neighbor nodes to sequentially amortize excess traffic. We propose a neighbor selection mechanism based on the Local Name Mapping and Resolution System, in which the node weights are computed by combing the link bandwidth and node storage capability, and determining whether to split traffic by comparing normalized weight values with thresholds. To dynamically offload traffic among multiple targets, the cooperative storage strategy implemented in a programmable data plane is presented using the relative weights and ID suffix matching. Evaluation shows that our proposed schema is more efficient compared with end-to-end transmission and ECMP in terms of bandwidth usage and transfer time, and is beneficial in big science.

Exploring Inductive Risk

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Drug Approval ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Inductive Risk ◽  
Wide Range

According to the argument from inductive risk, scientists have responsibilities to consider the consequences of error when they set evidential standards for making decisions such as accepting or rejecting hypotheses. This argument has received a great deal of scholarly attention in recent years. Exploring Inductive Risk brings together a set of concrete case studies with the goals of illustrating the pervasiveness of inductive risk, assisting scientists and policymakers in responding to it, and moving theoretical discussions of this phenomenon forward. The book contains eleven case studies ranging over a wide range of scientific contexts and fields: the drug approval process, high energy particle physics, dual-use research, climate science, research on gender disparities, clinical trials, and toxicology. The chapters are divided into four parts: (1) weighing inductive risk; (2) evading inductive risk; (3) the breadth of inductive risk; and (4) exploring the limits of inductive risk. It includes an introduction that provides a historical overview of the argument from inductive risk and a conclusion that highlights three major topic areas that merit future research. These include the nature of inductive risk and the argument from inductive risk (AIR), the extent to which the AIR can be evaded by defenders of the value-free ideal, and the strategies that the scientific community can employ to handle inductive risk in a responsible fashion.

scholarly journals James Macdonald Cassels, 9 September 1924 - 19 October 1994

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 62-78
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Slow Neutron ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Centre Of Excellence ◽  
The Government ◽  
Physics Department ◽  
New Facilities

James Macdonald Cassels was a physicist who, in the course of his career, encompassed a wide range of interests. As a research student he pioneered a new branch of research in the study of solids by slow neutron scattering. While still in his twenties he played an important part in persuading the Government to join the fledgling C.E.R.N. organization in Geneva. By research on the synchrocyclotrons at Harwell and Liverpool he established himself internationally as an authority in the field of high-energy particle physics. Occupying the Liverpool Chair once held by Chadwick he continued the work of his predecessor in developing the Physics Department as a centre of excellence, with the provision of new facilities and the establishment of the nearby Daresbury Laboratory. For many years he was active in the promotion of energy conservation through the concept of combined heat and power from power stations. Towards the end of his career he suffered increasingly from ill-health.

All-Union Conference on High Energy Particle Physics

Atomic Energy ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-632
Author(s):  
V. A. Biryukov ◽  
B. M. Golovin ◽  
L. I. Lapidus
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Energy Particle ◽  
Union Conference

Detector commissioning and development for PETRA-III

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (SRMS-7) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pennicard ◽  
Heinz Graafsma ◽  
Michael Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Silicon Detectors ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synchrotron Light

The new synchrotron light source PETRA-III produced its first beam last year. The extremely high brilliance of PETRA-III and the large energy range of many of its beamlines make it useful for a wide range of experiments, particularly in materials science. The detectors at PETRA-III will need to meet several requirements, such as operation across a wide dynamic range, high-speed readout and good quantum efficiency even at high photon energies. PETRA-III beamlines with lower photon energies will typically be equipped with photon-counting silicon detectors for two-dimensional detection and silicon drift detectors for spectroscopy and higher-energy beamlines will use scintillators coupled to cameras or photomultiplier tubes. Longer-term developments include ‘high-Z’ semiconductors for detecting high-energy X-rays, photon-counting readout chips with smaller pixels and higher frame rates and pixellated avalanche photodiodes for time-resolved experiments.

scholarly journals Programmable combinational logic trigger system for high energy particle physics experiments

1977 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.D. Platner ◽  
A. Etkin ◽  
K.J. Foley ◽  
J.H. Goldman ◽  
W.A. Love ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Combinational Logic ◽  
Trigger System ◽  
Energy Particle ◽  
Physics Experiments

Carbon nanotube accelerator — Path toward TeV/m acceleration: Theory, experiment, and challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (34) ◽  
pp. 1943005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Min Shin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Analytic Description ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
High Gradients ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Energy Gains ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

Aspirations of modern high energy particle physics call for compact and cost efficient lepton and hadron colliders with energy reach and luminosity significantly beyond the modern HEP facilities. Strong interplanar fields in crystals of the order of 10–100 V/Å can effectively guide and collimate high energy particles. Besides continuous focusing crystals plasma, if properly excited, can be used for particle acceleration with exceptionally high gradients [Formula: see text](TeV/m). However, the angstrom-scale size of channels in crystals might be too small to accept and accelerate significant number of particles. Carbon-based nano-structures such as carbon-nanotubes (CNTs) and graphenes have a large degree of dimensional flexibility and thermo-mechanical strength and thus could be more suitable for channeling acceleration of high intensity beams. Nano-channels of the synthetic crystals can accept a few orders of magnitude larger phase-space volume of channeled particles with much higher thermal tolerance than natural crystals. This paper presents conceptual foundations of the CNT acceleration, including underlying theory, practical outline and technical challenges of the proof-of-principle experiment. Also, an analytic description of the plasmon-assisted laser acceleration is detailed with practical acceleration parameters, in particular with specifications of a typical tabletop femtosecond laser system. The maximally achievable acceleration gradients and energy gains within dephasing lengths and CNT lengths are discussed with respect to laser-incident angles and the CNT-filling ratios.

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