Depressive Disorder During Childhood and Adolescence in Japan

1996 ◽  
pp. 176-184
Author(s):  
Toyohisa Murata ◽  
Yoko Sarada ◽  
Tatsuki Tsutsumi ◽  
Youichi Nakaniwa ◽  
Yuuki Shinpo
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence

scholarly journals Screening for depression in children and adolescents: a protocol for a systematic review update

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Beck ◽  
John C. LeBlanc ◽  
Kate Morissette ◽  
Candyce Hamel ◽  
Becky Skidmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Preventive Health Care ◽  
Depression Screening ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Major Depressive

Abstract Background Major depressive disorder is common, debilitating, and affects feelings, thoughts, mood, and behaviors. Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for the development of depression and adolescence is marked by an increased incidence of mental health disorders. This protocol outlines the planned scope and methods for a systematic review update that will evaluate the benefits and harms of screening for depression in children and adolescents. Methods This review will update a previously published systematic review by Roseman and colleagues. Eligible studies are randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing formal screening in primary care to identify children or adolescents not already self-reporting symptoms of, diagnosed with, or treated for depression. If no or only a single RCT is available, we will consider controlled studies without random assignment. Studies of participants with characteristics associated with an elevated risk of depression will be analyzed separately. Outcomes of interest are symptoms of depression, classification of major depressive disorder based on a validated diagnostic interview, suicidality, health-related quality of life, social function, impact on lifestyle behavior (e.g., substance use, school performance, lost time at work, or school), false-positive results, overdiagnosis, overtreatment, labeling, and other harms such as those arising from treatment. We will search MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and grey literature sources. Two reviewers will independently screen the titles and abstracts using the liberal accelerated method. Full-text screening will be performed independently by two reviewers using pre-specified eligibility criteria. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments will be performed independently by two reviewers. Pre-planned analyses, including subgroup and sensitivity analyses, are detailed within this protocol. Two independent reviewers will assess and finalize through consensus the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, and prepare GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables for each outcome of interest. Discussion The systematic review will provide a current state of the evidence of benefits and harms of depression screening in children and adolescents. These findings will be used by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care to inform the development of recommendations on depression screening. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020150373

scholarly journals Genetic susceptibility for major depressive disorder associates with trajectories of depressive symptoms across childhood and adolescence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre A. Lussier ◽  
Matt Hawrilenko ◽  
Min-Jung Wang ◽  
Karmel W. Choi ◽  
Janine Cerutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ABSTRACTBackgroundDepression that onsets during childhood and adolescence is associated with worse illness course and outcomes. However, the genetic factors that influence risk for early-onset depression remain mostly unknown. Using data collected over thirteen years, we examined whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) capturing genetic risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) were associated with early-onset depressive symptoms, as assessed from childhood to adolescence.MethodsData came from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a prospective, longitudinal birth cohort (analytic sample=7,308 youth). We analyzed the relationship between genetic susceptibility to depression and three time-dependent measures of depressive symptoms across ages 4-16.5 (trajectories, onset, and cumulative burden of symptoms). Trajectories were constructed using a growth mixture model with structured residuals. Symptom onset and cumulative burden were assessed using the intercept and area under the trajectory curves, respectively. PRS were generated using MDD summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We used MAGMA to identify gene-level associations with these measures.ResultsYouth were classified into six classes of depressive symptom trajectories: high/renitent (26.5% of youth), high/reversing (5.8%), childhood decrease (6.1%), late childhood peak (3%), adolescent spike (2.5%), and minimal symptoms (56.1%). PRS could discriminate between youth in the “high” classes compared to the minimal symptoms and childhood decrease classes. Two genes (SIX5; DMPK) were nominally associated with both onset and cumulative burden.ConclusionsThis study highlights a role for genetic factors in shaping depressive symptoms across childhood and adolescence, particularly among youths with generally high or low symptoms, regardless of age-independent responding.

scholarly journals Major depressive disorder in children and adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors ◽  
Efficacy Of Treatment

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood and adolescence, but because of symptom variation from the adult criteria, it is often unrecognized and untreated. Symptom severity predicts the initial mode of treatment ranging from psychotherapy to medications to combination treatment. Several studies have assessed the efficacy of treatment in children and adolescents, and others have evaluated the risk of developing adverse effects and/or new or worsening suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Optimal treatment often includes a combination of therapy and antidepressant medication. The most studied combination includes fluoxetine with cognitive behavioral therapy. Once symptom remission is obtained, treatment should be continued for 6 to 12 months before a slow taper is initiated. Although most children and adolescents recover from their first depressive episode, a large number will continue to present with MDD in adulthood. Untreated depression in children and adolescents may increase the risk of substance abuse; poor work, academic, and social functioning; and risk of suicidal behaviors.

Early Indicators of Self-Destruction in Childhood and Adolescence: A Survey of Pediatricians and Psychiatrists

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-568
Author(s):  
Paul Fine ◽  
Matilda S. McIntire ◽  
Pamela R. Fain
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Family Enmeshment ◽  
Early Indicators

This paper reports a comparison of pediatricians' and psychiatrists' opinions about screening for children and adolescents at risk for self-destruction. Fifty-nine percent of the members of the Nebraska Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics and 69% of the members of the Nebraska District Branch of the American Psychiatric Association completed questionnaires containing selected early indicators for self-destruction and programs for suicide prevention. Principal findings were that pediatricians placed less emphasis than child psychiatrists on major depressive disorder, younger pediatricians placed more emphasis than psychiatrists on psychosocial indicators, physicians from both groups said they usually hospitalize attention-seeking self-destructive children, and pediatricians from smaller communities expressed less confidence in referral to psychiatrists but more confidence in community-based programs. Findings suggest that a small group of children and adolescents at risk for eventual suicide may not be identified as early as the more obvious larger groups of individuals who are accident prone, who ingest toxic substances, and who come from violent families. General indicators of risk for self-destruction include substance abuse, psychosocial problems, and minor depression. Factors indicating more specific risk for suicide include escalating stress, family enmeshment, and major mental illness, particularly major depressive disorder. Postgraduate education, instruments for discriminate screening, and balanced programs for suicide prevention are suggested to improve care.

scholarly journals Molecular Biomarkers for Pediatric Depressive Disorders: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10051
Author(s):  
Jongha Lee ◽  
Suhyuk Chi ◽  
Moon-Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Prognostic Assessment ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Clinical Biomarker ◽  
Factor Alpha

Depressive disorder in childhood and adolescence is a highly prevalent mood disorder that tends to recur throughout life. Untreated mood disorders can adversely impact a patient’s quality of life and cause socioeconomic loss. Thus, an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment is crucial. However, until now, diagnoses and treatments were conducted according to clinical symptoms. Objective and biological validation is lacking. This may result in a poor outcome for patients with depressive disorder. Research has been conducted to identify the biomarkers that are related to depressive disorder. Cumulative evidence has revealed that certain immunologic biomarkers including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cytokines, gastrointestinal biomarkers, hormones, oxidative stress, and certain hypothalamus-pituitary axis biomarkers are associated with depressive disorder. This article reviews the biomarkers related to the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric depressive disorders. To date, clinical biomarker tests are not yet available for diagnosis or for the prediction of treatment prognosis. However, cytokines such as Interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and BDNF have shown significant results in previous studies of pediatric depressive disorder. These biomarkers have the potential to be used for diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and group screening for those at high risk.

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