The peritrophic matrix

1996 ◽  
pp. 86-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Tellam
Keyword(s):  
Peritrophic Matrix

scholarly journals Identifying and Characterizing a Novel Peritrophic Matrix Protein (MdPM-17) Associated With Antibacterial Response From the Housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Jinzhi Cheng ◽  
Man Luo ◽  
Jianwei Wu ◽  
Guo Guo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Malpighian Tubule ◽  
Peritrophic Membrane ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Peritrophic Matrix ◽  
Amino Acid Residues

Abstract Peritrophic matrix/membrane (PM) critically prevents the midgut of insects from external invasion by microbes. The proteins in the peritrophic membrane are its major structural components. Additionally, they determine the formation and function of this membrane. However, the role of PM proteins in immune regulation is unclear. Herein, we isolated a novel PM protein (MdPM-17) from Musca domestica larvae. Further, the function of MdPM-17 in regulating host innate immunity was identified. Results showed that the cDNA of MdPM-17 full is 635 bp in length. Moreover, it consists of a 477-bp open reading frame encoding 158 amino acid residues. These amino acid residues are composed of two Chitin-binding type-2 domain (ChtBD2) and 19 amino acids as a signal peptide. Moreover, tissue distribution analysis indicates that MdPM-17 was enriched expressed in midgut, and moderate levels in the fat body, foregut, and malpighian tubule. Notably, MdPM-17 recombinant protein showed high chitin-binding capacity, thus belongs to the Class III PM protein group. MdPM-17 protein silencing via RNA interference resulted in the expression of antimicrobial peptide (defensin, cecropins, and diptericin) genes, and this occurred after oral inoculation with exogenous microbes Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriales:Enterobacteriaceae), Staphylococcus aureus (Bacillales:Staphylococcaceae), and Candida albicans (Endomycetales:Saccharomycetaceae)). Therefore, all the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene expression levels are high in MdPM-17-depleted larvae during microbial infection compared to controls. Consequently, these findings indicate that MdPM-17 protein is associated with the antibacterial response from the housefly.

A novel role for the peritrophic matrix in protecting Leishmania from the hydrolytic activities of the sand fly midgut

Parasitology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. P. PIMENTA ◽  
G. B. MODI ◽  
S. T. PEREIRA ◽  
M. SHAHABUDDIN ◽  
D. L. SACKS
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Peritrophic Matrix ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Hydrolytic Activities ◽  
Natural Vector ◽  
Parasite Survival

The role of the peritrophic matrix (PM) in the development of Leishmania major infections in a natural vector, Phlebotomus papatasi, was investigated by addition of exogenous chitinase to the bloodmeal, which completely blocked PM formation. Surprisingly, the absence of the PM was associated with the loss of midgut infections. The chitinase was not directly toxic to the parasite, nor were midgut infections lost due to premature expulsion of the bloodmeal. Most parasites were killed in chitinase-treated flies within the first 4 h after feeding. Substantial early killing was also observed in control flies, suggesting that the lack of PM exacerbates lethal conditions which normally exist in the blood-fed midgut. Early parasite mortality was reversed by soybean trypsin inhibitor. Allosamadin, a specific inhibitor of chitinase, led to a thickening of the PM, and also prevented the early parasite mortality seen in infected flies. Susceptibility to gut proteases was extremely high in transitional-stage parasites, while amastigotes and fully transformed promastigotes were relatively resistant. A novel role for the PM in promoting parasite survival is suggested, in which the PM creates a barrier to the rapid diffusion of digestive enzymes, and limits the exposure of parasites to these enzymes during the time when they are especially vulnerable to proteolytic damage.

scholarly journals The Peritrophic Matrix Mediates Differential Infection Outcomes in the Tsetse Fly Gut following Challenge with Commensal, Pathogenic, and Parasitic Microbes

2014 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 773-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian L. Weiss ◽  
Amy F. Savage ◽  
Bridget C. Griffith ◽  
Yineng Wu ◽  
Serap Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Peritrophic Matrix

scholarly journals Disruption of Plasmodium falciparumChitinase Markedly Impairs Parasite Invasion of Mosquito Midgut

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 4048-4054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao-Lung Tsai ◽  
Rhian E. Hayward ◽  
Rebecca C. Langer ◽  
David A. Fidock ◽  
Joseph M. Vinetz
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Trafficking ◽  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Peritrophic Matrix ◽  
Chitinolytic Activity ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Parasite Invasion ◽  
Mosquito Midgut ◽  
Avian Malaria Parasite ◽  
Chitinase Genes

ABSTRACT To initiate invasion of the mosquito midgut,Plasmodium ookinetes secrete chitinolytic activity to penetrate the peritrophic matrix surrounding the blood meal. While ookinetes of the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium gallinaceum appear to secrete products of two chitinase genes, to date only one chitinase gene, PfCHT1, has been identified in the nearly completed Plasmodium falciparumstrain 3D7 genome database. To test the hypothesis that the single identified chitinase of P. falciparum is necessary for ookinete invasion, the PfCHT1 gene was disrupted 39 bp upstream of the stop codon. PfCHT1-disrupted parasites had normal gametocytogenesis, exflagellation, and ookinete formation but were markedly impaired in their ability to form oocysts inAnopheles freeborni midguts. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that the truncated PfCHT1 protein was present in mutant ookinetes but that the concentration of mutant PfCHT1 within the apical end of the ookinetes was substantially reduced. These data suggest that full-length PfCHT1 is essential for intracellular trafficking and secretion and that the PfCHT1 gene product is necessary for ookinetes to invade the mosquito midgut.

Storage and secretion of Ag-Aper14, a novel peritrophic matrix protein, and Ag-Muc1 from the mosquito Anopheles gambiae

2005 ◽  
Vol 320 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Devenport ◽  
H. Fujioka ◽  
M. Donnelly-Doman ◽  
Z. Shen ◽  
M. Jacobs-Lorena
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Peritrophic Matrix ◽  
Mosquito Anopheles Gambiae

A peritrophin mediates the peritrophic matrix permeability in the workers of the bees Melipona quadrifasciata and Apis mellifera

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 100885 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Henrique Oliveira ◽  
Kenner Morais Fernandes ◽  
Wagner Gonzaga Gonçalves ◽  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
José Eduardo Serrão
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Peritrophic Matrix ◽  
Melipona Quadrifasciata ◽  
Matrix Permeability

Absence of a microbiome in the midgut trunk of six representative Crustacea

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-130
Author(s):  
Gary G Martin ◽  
Zain Natha ◽  
Nicola Henderson ◽  
Sabi Bang ◽  
Hope Hendry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Peritrophic Matrix ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Actual Surface ◽  
Bacterial Symbiosis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Accessory Molecules ◽  
A Site

Abstract It has become a common expectation for an animal’s guts to be a site for bacterial symbiosis, which may play a role in influencing various aspects of physiology including digestion and immune responses. The presence of a microbiome in the digestive tracts of crustaceans has been demonstrated in the past using molecular techniques and has encouraged manipulations including probiotics to enhance growth rates in cultured species. We suggest, however, that bacteria are restricted to the lumen of the gut and separated from the epithelium by the peritrophic matrix, which prevents their establishment as a permanent component of the gut. The peritrophic matrix, found in most arthropods, is a chitinous sheet containing accessory molecules, and is continuously formed by delamination from the epithelium of the midgut such that the actual surface is constantly being cleaned. The lifted layer then surrounds ingested materials, including microbes, in an impenetrable wrapper compartmentalizing digestive and immune functions. The ectoperitrophic space, lying between the peritrophic matrix and the epithelium, was examined in six species representatives of six groups of crustaceans (Branchiopoda, Amphipoda, Copepoda, and Decapoda) for the presence of microbes using light and transmission electron microscopy as well as fluorescent probes for bacteria. The results suggest that a microbiome is lacking in several common groups of crustaceans.

scholarly journals Refractoriness of Sergentomyia schwetzi to Leishmania spp. is mediated by the peritrophic matrix

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. e0006382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Sadlova ◽  
Miroslav Homola ◽  
Jitka Myskova ◽  
Magdalena Jancarova ◽  
Petr Volf
Keyword(s):  
Peritrophic Matrix ◽  
Leishmania Spp
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