Toxicology for Pharmaceutical Substances: The Needs

The aim of this work is to develop a new type of carbon-ceramic membranes for the removal of pharmaceutical substances from water. The membranes were prepared by the chemical modification method using an organosilicon precursor—octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS). Graphene oxide, multi-walled carbon nanotubes with carboxylic groups, and single-walled carbon nanotubes were used in the modification process. The filtration properties and adsorption properties of the developed membranes were tested. In order to characterize the membrane, the water permeability, the change of the permeate flux in time, and the adsorbed mass of the substance were determined. Additionally, the surface properties of the membranes were characterized by contact angle measurements and porosimetry. The antibiotic tetracycline was used in the adsorption tests. Based on the results, the improved adsorption properties of the modified membrane in relation to the unmodified membrane were noticed. Novel ceramic membranes modified with MWCNT are characterized by 45.4% removal of tetracycline and permeate flux of 520 L·h·m−2·bar−1. We demonstrated the ability of modified membranes to adsorb pharmaceuticals from water streams that are in contact with the membrane. Novel membranes retain their filtration properties. Therefore, such membranes can be used in an integrated filtration–adsorption process.

Download Full-text

Micronization of pharmaceutical substances by the Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions (RESS): a promising method to improve bioavailability of poorly soluble pharmaceutical agents

The Journal of Supercritical Fluids ◽

10.1016/s0896-8446(01)00109-7 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 75-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 174

Author(s):

M. Türk ◽

P. Hils ◽

B. Helfgen ◽

K. Schaber ◽

H.-J. Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Promising Method ◽

Rapid Expansion ◽

Pharmaceutical Substances ◽

Poorly Soluble ◽

Supercritical Solutions ◽

Pharmaceutical Agents

Download Full-text

Edible arachnids and myriapods worldwide – updated list, nutritional profile and food hygiene implications

Journal of Insects as Food and Feed ◽

10.3920/jiff2020.0046 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

E.M. Costa-Neto ◽

N.T. Grabowski

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Nutrient Composition ◽

Food Hygiene ◽

Marked Variation ◽

Nutritional Profile ◽

Pharmaceutical Substances ◽

Consumer Safety ◽

The Future ◽

History Of ◽

Scarce Data

Like insects, arachnids (spiders, scorpions, mites and ticks) and myriapods (millipedes and centipedes) also have a history of traditional consumption, either as foodstuff or medicine. In this review, an updated list of edible arachnids and myriapods is presented, showing that these animals are consumed worldwide. They are collected from the wild, and typical processing includes heating, defanging and, in certain cases, drying and grinding. The scarce data show a marked variation in nutrient composition that depends on the taxon and even sex, possibly also instar and feeding. Evaluating these traditions in terms of food safety, tick consumption must be discouraged, and heating steps are mandatory to eliminate pathogens, venoms, and urticating setae. For the future, more research will be necessary to assess chemical risks in wild-caught animals in terms of consumer safety and to get productive arachnid and myriapod farming for foodstuffs and industrial uses (pharmaceutical substances and silks) started.

Download Full-text

PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE NMR SPECTRA OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCE«OOSE-11,12,13»

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i4.16729 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 292

Author(s):

K Berkenov ◽

Datkhayev Um

Keyword(s):

Nmr Spectra ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Supramolecular Complexes ◽

Internal Cavity ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Stoichiometric Ratio ◽

Nmr Method ◽

Pharmaceutical Substances ◽

Nuclear Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Integrated Intensities

Objective: The main issue of this work is obtained, to researching of supramolecular complexes of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20 E) with γ-cyclodextrins (CD).Methods: The foundation of substance phytoecdysteroid 20 E was isolated from an ethanol extract plant Otites orae-syvaschicae Klok A method of the development of pharmaceutical substances was used during complexed organic relationship in the way of intense mechanical 20 E with α-, β- or γ-СD. The complexation of 20 E with α-, β-, and γ-СD was studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method of spectrResults: In the study of the integrated intensities molecules signals steroid guest and host CD complex stoichiometric ratio 1:1 was prformation of clathrates was established after A and B nuclei ecdysterone had been arranged in the internal cavity of CD.Сonclusion: Supramolecular complexes of 20 E with α-, β-, and γ-СD were received during made works. The objects of research were analdescribed with the help of NMR spectroscopy. The developed technology will be the main device for operating and identification of pharmaceuticalsubstance OOSE-11, -12, and -13.Keywords: Substance Otites orae-syvaschicae Klok-11, -12, -13, 20-hydroxyecdysone, α-, β-, γ-cyclodextrins inclusion complex nuclear resonance spectroscopy.

Download Full-text

New-generation osteoplastic materials based on biological and synthetic matrices

Тонкие химические технологии ◽

10.32362/2410-6593-2021-16-1-36-54 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 36-54

Author(s):

D. D. Lykoshin ◽

V. V. Zaitsev ◽

M. A. Kostromina ◽

R. S. Esipov

Keyword(s):

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Side Reactions ◽

Prolonged Release ◽

Pharmaceutical Substances ◽

Surgical Implants ◽

Analytical Review ◽

New Generation

Objectives. The purpose of this analytical review is to evaluate the market for osteoplastic materials and surgical implants, as well as study the features of new-generation materials and the results of clinical applications.Methods. This review summarizes the volumes of research articles presented in the electronic database PubMed and eLIBRARY. A total of 129 scientific articles related to biological systems, calcium phosphate, polymer, and biocomposite matrices as carriers of pharmaceutical substances, primary recombinant protein osteoinductors, antibiotics, and biologically active chemical reagents were analyzed and summarized. The search depth was 10 years.Results. Demineralized bone matrix constitutes 26% of all types of osteoplastic matrices used globally in surgical osteology, which includes neurosurgery, traumatology and orthopedics, dentistry, and maxillofacial and pediatric surgery. Among the matrices, polymer and biocomposite matrices are outstanding. Special attention is paid to the possibility of immobilizing osteogenic factors and target pharmaceutical substances on the scaffold material to achieve controlled and prolonged release at the site of surgical implantation. Polymeric and biocomposite materials can retard the release of pharmaceutical substances at the implantation site, promoting a decrease in the toxicity and an improvement in the therapeutic effect. The use of composite scaffolds of different compositions in vivo results in high osteogenesis, promotes the initialization of biomineralization, and enables the tuning of the degradation rate of the material.Conclusions. Osteoplastic materials of various compositions in combination with drugs showed accelerated regeneration and mineralization of bone tissue in vivo, excluding systemic side reactions. Furthermore, although some materials have already been registered as commercial drugs, a plethora of unresolved problems remain. Due to the limited clinical studies of materials for use on humans, there is still an insufficient understanding of the toxicity of materials, time of their resorption, speed of drug delivery, and the possible long-term adverse effects of using implants of different compositions.

Download Full-text

Prospects for the Use of Medical Clays (Review)

Drug development & registration ◽

10.33380/2305-2066-2019-8-4-27-31 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 27-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. V. Bondarev ◽

E. T. Zhilyakova ◽

N. B. Demina ◽

E. Yu. Timoshenko

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Food Technology ◽

Mineral Raw Materials ◽

Promising Direction ◽

Pharmaceutical Substances ◽

Pharmaceutical Technology ◽

New Directions ◽

Scientific Significance ◽

Cutaneous Application

Introduction. The article deals with the aspects of the use of Medical Clays in Pharmaceutical Technology. A review of the traditional areas of application of Medical Clay, as well as highlighting new directions.Text. One of the main problems of domestic industrial pharmacy is a narrow nomenclature of active pharmaceutical substances and excipients. Replenishment of the nomenclature occurs in two ways-through the synthesis of new chemical compounds or through the processing of natural raw materials of animal, plant or mineral origin. In the process of purification and processing of mineral raw materials, Medical Clays are obtained, which are now widely used as active pharmaceutical substances for the production of Enterosorbents, as well as auxiliary substances.Conclusion. A review of perspectives and areas of use of Medicinal Clays have shown that at present, Medical Clays used in the three traditional areas: cutaneous application, application per os, application in pharmaceutical and food technology. A promising direction is the use of Medical Clays as transport drug systems. The study of this information array and its generalization has undoubted practical and scientific significance in modern pharmaceutical technology.

Download Full-text

Directed synthesis and search of pharmaceutical substances with hypoglycemic activity in the series of 4-aryl-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-butenoic acids

Bulletin of Siberian Medicine ◽

10.20538/1682-0363-2011-5-86-90 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 86-90

Author(s):

N. A. Pulina ◽

A. I. Krasnova ◽

F. V. Sobin ◽

T. A. Yushkova ◽

V. V. Yushkov

Keyword(s):

Bromine Atom ◽

Hypoglycemic Activity ◽

Reference Drug ◽

Highly Active ◽

Pharmaceutical Substances ◽

Directed Synthesis ◽

Low Toxic ◽

Heterocyclic Moiety ◽

Active Substances

The paper deals with directed synthesis and study of hypoglycemic activity of N-heterylamides of 4-aryl-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-2- butenoic and 4-aryl-3-bromo-2, 4-dioxobutanoic acids. Hypoglycemic activity of 28 compounds was under research. Some regularities of the influence of the heterocyclic moiety structure and the bromine atom on the activity of the compounds were obtained. Two low-toxic and highly active substances comparable in potency with the reference drug were identified.

Download Full-text