Psychophysical and Psychometric Measures of Texture

1973 ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Howard R. Moskowitz ◽  
Birger K. Drake ◽  
Caj Åkesson
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Measures

scholarly journals Intentions versus Outcomes: Cooperation and Fairness in a Sequential Prisoner’s Dilemma with Nature

Games ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Garret Ridinger
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma Game ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma Game ◽  
First Mover

This paper investigates the importance of concerns about intentions and outcomes in a sequential prisoner’s dilemma game with nature. In the game, there is a chance that the first mover’s choice is reversed. This allows the separation of intended actions from the resulting outcomes. Equilibrium predictions from theoretical models of fairness are tested experimentally by varying the chance the first mover’s choice is reversed and whether the second mover observes the first mover’s choice. The results show that second mover cooperation is higher when the first mover has little control over their choice and when the second mover is not told what the first mover chose. While subject behavior is consistent with concerns for both intentions and outcomes, the results indicate that these concerns work in ways not predicted by current theoretical models. In addition, I find that psychometric measures of empathic concern and perspective taking are correlated with second mover cooperation and provide potential explanations for the experimental results.

scholarly journals The Utility of Physiological Measures in Assessing the Empathic Skills of Incarcerated Violent Offenders

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2199405
Author(s):  
Julie Palix ◽  
Ahmad Abu-Akel ◽  
Valérie Moulin ◽  
Milena Abbiati ◽  
Jacques Gasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violent Offenders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Violent Behaviors ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
Positive Correlations

Since lack of empathy is an important indicator of violent behaviors, researchers need consistent and valid measures. This study evaluated the practical significance of a potential physiological correlate of empathy compared to a traditional self-report questionnaire in 18 male violent offenders and 21 general population controls. Empathy skills were assessed with the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) questionnaire. Heart-Rate Variability (HRV) was assessed with an electrocardiogram. The RMSSD (Root Mean Square of the Successive beat-to-beat Differences), an HRV index implicated in social cognition, was calculated. There were no group differences in IRI scores. However, RMSSD was lower in the offender group. Positive correlations between RMSSD and IRI subscales were found for controls only. We conclude that psychometric measures of empathy do not discriminate incarcerated violent offenders, and that the incorporation of psychophysiological measures, such as HRV, could be an avenue for forensic research on empathy to establish translatable evidence-based information.

The New Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory: Implications for Personality Measurement

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke D. Smillie ◽  
Alan D. Pickering ◽  
Chris J. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Formal Models ◽  
Personality Measurement ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Interdependent System ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
Psychometric Measurement ◽  
Future Work

In this article, we review recent modifications to Jeffrey Gray's (1973, 1991) reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST), and attempt to draw implications for psychometric measurement of personality traits. First, we consider Gray and McNaughton's (2000) functional revisions to the biobehavioral systems of RST. Second, we evaluate recent clarifications relating to interdependent effects that these systems may have on behavior, in addition to or in place of separable effects (e.g., Corr, 2001; Pickering, 1997). Finally, we consider ambiguities regarding the exact trait dimension to which Gray's “reward system” corresponds. From this review, we suggest that future work is needed to distinguish psychometric measures of (a) fear from anxiety and (b) reward-reactivity from trait impulsivity. We also suggest, on the basis of interdependent system views of RST and associated exploration using formal models, that traits that are based upon RST are likely to have substantial intercorrelations. Finally, we advise that more substantive work is required to define relevant constructs and behaviors in RST before we can be confident in our psychometric measures of them.

scholarly journals Measurement of Quality of Life VII. Statistical Covariation and Global Quality of Life Data: The Method of Weight-Modified Linear Regression

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1020-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soren Ventegodt ◽  
Joav Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Global Quality ◽  
Global Quality Of Life ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
Exact Size

Existing standard statistical procedures do not seem to fulfill the needs of the researcher in global quality-of-life (QOL) research, because the most interesting question seems to be the exact size of statistical covariations. A method is necessary if we are to isolate the most important factors connected to quality of life among the thousands of possible factors in life. We have developed a new procedure we call �weight-modified linear regression�. Unfortunately as demonstrated in the discussion, the procedure is not totally without problems and weaknesses. In spite of the critique, we believe the procedure to be valid for the purpose of estimating the size of the covariation in population studies including psychometric measures of global quality of life. As we need to be certain that the procedure is valid, we hereby invite the scientific community to give us further critique of the method and suggestions for its improvement.

Practice Effect on Number Facility Performance

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kragg P. Kysor ◽  
James J. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Practice Effect ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
Individual Scores ◽  
Learning Data ◽  
Theoretical Performance

Equations were fitted to learning data obtained on the Number Facility (NF) subtest of the Repetitive Psychometric Measures. Ss were divided into three groups to increase the correlation between their individual scores and the resulting equations. The equations were derived from the pooled scores of two samples. The theoretical performance of Ss based on a logarthmic function was then compared with the actual performance of a third sample. The amount of variability accounted for by the equations ranged from 53 to 86%.

Relationships Among Laboratory and Psychometric Measures of Impulsivity: Implications in Substance Abuse and Dependence

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Lane ◽  
Don R. Cherek ◽  
Howard M. Rhoades ◽  
Cynthia J. Pietras ◽  
Oleg V. Tcheremissine
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Psychometric Measures

scholarly journals EXPLORING DEVELOPMENTAL ASSETS IN UGANDAN YOUTH

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4.1) ◽  
pp. 500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Drescher ◽  
Eu Gene Chin ◽  
Laura R Johnson ◽  
Julie S Johnson-Pynn
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Positive Youth Development ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Developmental Assets ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
Preliminary Support

Ugandan youth face a number of threats to their healthy development including poverty, high rates of disease, civil conflict, and environmental degradation. Cultivating developmental competencies is critical, not only for youth, but also for the future of Ugandan communities and civil society. In this article, we highlight contextual challenges facing Ugandan youth, report exploratory results on “standard” measures of developmental assets, and discuss the utility of a positive youth development (PYD) framework in Uganda. Despite difficult circumstances, our results indicated high levels of internal and external assets as assessed with the Developmental Assets Profile (DAP). The DAP demonstrated acceptable internal consistencies and was correlated with two other measures of youth assets, self-efficacy, and civic action. Although researchers should proceed with caution when using psychometric measures in new cultural contexts, our results provide preliminary support for the use of the DAP and a PYD framework for advancing adolescent research and programming in Uganda.

Psychometric Examination of Treatment Change Among Mentally Disordered Offenders: A Risk–Needs Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew A. Kingston ◽  
Mark E. Olver
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Readiness For Change ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Mentally Disordered Offenders ◽  
Treatment Change ◽  
Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
Mentally Disordered Offender ◽  
General Recidivism

The present study examined the association of psychiatric symptomatology, criminal attitudes, and treatment changes within these domains to violent and general recidivism in a sample of 614 mentally disordered offenders. Significant pre–post changes were found on multiple measures of criminal attitudes, symptomatology, and readiness for change. Antisocial Intentions and Attitudes Toward Associates (from the Measure of Criminal Attitudes and Associates [MCAA]) predicted general recidivism and covaried with the Big Four criminogenic need domains on the Level of Service Inventory–Ontario Revision; none of the remaining psychometric measures significantly predicted violent or general recidivism. Although pre–post changes were seldom linked to changes in recidivism, positive changes in Antisocial Intentions (MCAA) significantly predicted reductions in general recidivism via Cox regression survival analysis, controlling for baseline risk and pretreatment attitudes score. Risk and need implications of psychometric assessments of treatment change in mentally disordered offender populations are discussed.

Relationship between a Behavioral and Several Psychometric Measures of Test Anxiety

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy W. Smith ◽  
Judi Komaki
Keyword(s):  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Time Sampling ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
Report Measure

Behavioral time-sampling was compared with various paper-and-pencil, self-report measures of test anxiety in an examination of the utility of the behavioral measure as an in situo index of test anxiety. The behavioral measure was significantly and positively correlated 0.45 with a paper-and-pencil, self-report measure of “facilitative” test anxiety but not with measures of “debilitative” test anxiety ( r = —0.15) or general anxiety ( r = —0.33) for 12 male and 21 female undergraduates.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Look at the Relationship Between Materialistic Values and Goals and Type A Behaviour

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Shaun A. Saunders ◽  
Michael W. Allen ◽  
Kay Pozzebon
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Type A ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
Materialistic Values ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPrevious research in Australia has inferred that materialism and its possession-defined ‘Success’ subtheme described by Richins and Dawson (1992) has characteristics in common with specific Type A behaviour including competitiveness and aggression. Given that Australian materialists appear to have similar inclinations to their North American counterparts, assumptions by the latter that materialism and Type A behaviour fall under the same cultural value of work and wealth might also be applicable in Australia. Hence, the present study aims to explore the relationship between materialism and Type A behaviour, with psychometric measures of each administered to 193 Australian participants. Scores on Materialism were positively correlated with Type A behaviours, while the Success subscale was only significantly correlated with the second Type A item, assessing competitiveness. However, while materialistic pursuits might provide a culturally sanctioned outlet for competitive behaviours deriving from existing Type A personalities, it could also be argued that contemporary consumer society encourages such behaviours.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document