Methodologic Aspects of Prevention Trials

1991 ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
Jack Cuzick
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Trials

scholarly journals Autoantigen Treatment in Type 1 Diabetes: Unsolved Questions on How to Select Autoantigen and Administration Route

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny Ludvigsson
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Prevention Trials

Autoantigen treatment has been tried for the prevention of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to preserve residual beta-cell function in patients with a recent onset of the disease. In experimental animal models, efficacy was good, but was insufficient in human subjects. Besides the possible minor efficacy of peroral insulin in high-risk individuals to prevent T1D, autoantigen prevention trials have failed. Other studies on autoantigen prevention and intervention at diagnosis are ongoing. One problem is to select autoantigen/s; others are dose and route. Oral administration may be improved by using different vehicles. Proinsulin peptide therapy in patients with T1D has shown possible minor efficacy. In patients with newly diagnosed T1D, subcutaneous injection of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) bound to alum hydroxide (GAD-alum) can likely preserve beta-cell function, but the therapeutic effect needs to be improved. Intra-lymphatic administration may be a better alternative than subcutaneous administration, and combination therapy might improve efficacy. This review elucidates some actual problems of autoantigen therapy in the prevention and/or early intervention of type 1 diabetes.

scholarly journals Development of novel measures for Alzheimer's disease prevention trials (NoMAD)

2021 ◽  
pp. 106425
Author(s):  
Sophie A. Bell ◽  
Hannah R. Cohen ◽  
Seonjoo Lee ◽  
Hyun Kim ◽  
Adam Ciarleglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Prevention Trials

scholarly journals Antiplatelet Agents for Cancer Prevention: Current Evidences and Continuing Controversies

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Frere ◽  
Manon Lejeune ◽  
Pierre Kubicek ◽  
Dorothée Faille ◽  
Zora Marjanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Low Dose Aspirin ◽  
The Us ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Prevention Trials ◽  
Related Mortality

Over the past two decades, aspirin has emerged as a promising chemoprotective agent to prevent colorectal cancer (CRC). In 2016, the mounting evidence supporting its chemoprotective effect, from both basic science and clinical research, led the US Preventive Services Task Force to recommend regular use of low-dose aspirin in some subgroups of patients for whom the benefits are deemed to outweigh the risks. In contrast, data on the chemoprotective effect of aspirin against other cancers are less clear and remain controversial. Most data come from secondary analyses of cardiovascular prevention trials, with only a limited number reporting cancer outcomes as a prespecified endpoint, and overall unclear findings. Moreover, the potential chemoprotective effect of aspirin against other cancers has been recently questioned with the publication of 3 long-awaited trials of aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases reporting no benefit of aspirin on overall cancer incidence and cancer-related mortality. Data on the chemoprotective effects of other antiplatelet agents remain scarce and inconclusive, and further research to examine their benefit are warranted. In this narrative review, we summarize current clinical evidence and continuing controversies on the potential chemoprotective properties of antiplatelet agents against cancer.

S3-01-02: Is there a need for larger prevention trials?

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (7S_Part_4) ◽  
pp. P210-P210
Author(s):  
Laura Fratiglioni
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Trials

P1-188: Enrichment strategies for secondary prevention trials: The effect of restrictive inclusion criteria on statistical power and sample size

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. T263-T264
Author(s):  
Steven D. Edland ◽  
Linda K. McEvoy ◽  
Dominic Holland ◽  
John C. Roddey ◽  
Christine Fennema-Notestine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Prevention Trials

scholarly journals Examination criteria and calibration procedures for prevention trials of the Early Childhood Caries Collaborating Centers

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Warren ◽  
Karin Weber-Gasparoni ◽  
Norman Tinanoff ◽  
Terence S. Batliner ◽  
Bonnie Jue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Prevention Trials ◽  
Childhood Caries

scholarly journals Systematic review of definitions and methods of measuring falls in randomised controlled fall prevention trials

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Hauer ◽  
Sarah E. Lamb ◽  
Ellen C. Jorstad ◽  
Chris Todd ◽  
Clemens Becker
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Prevention Trials ◽  
Randomised Controlled
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