Background:
The central nervous system (CNS) known to regulate the physiological conditions
of human body, also itself gets dynamically regulated by both the physiological as well as pathological
conditions of the body. These conditions get changed quite often, and often involve changes introduced
into the gut microbiota which, as studies are revealing, directly modulate the CNS via a crosstalk.
This cross-talk between the gut microbiota and CNS, i.e., the gut-brain axis (GBA), plays a major
role in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s
disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS) and Huntington’s
disease (HD).
Objective:
We aim to discuss how gut microbiota, through GBA, regulate neurodegenerative disorders
such as PD, AD, ALS, MS and HD.
Methods:
In this review, we have discussed the present understanding of the role played by the gut microbiota
in neurodegenerative disorders and emphasized the probable therapeutic approaches being explored
to treat them.
Results:
In the first part, we introduce the GBA and its relevance, followed by the changes occurring in
the GBA during neurodegenerative disorders and then further discuss its role in the pathogenesis of
these diseases. Finally, we discuss its applications in possible therapeutics of these diseases and the current
research improvements being made to better investigate this interaction.
Conclusion:
We concluded that alterations in the intestinal microbiota modulate various activities that
could potentially lead to CNS disorders through interactions via the GBA.
