Early crediting of emissions reductions — a panacea or Pandora’s box?

Author(s):  
Axel Michaelowa ◽  
Marcus Stronzik
Keyword(s):  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2971-2976
Author(s):  
Gui-Bing Hong ◽  
Te-Li Su ◽  
Jenq-Daw Lee

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Napoli
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 116878
Author(s):  
Simon H. Roberts ◽  
Barney D. Foran ◽  
Colin J. Axon ◽  
Alice V. Stamp

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hasan ◽  
Oskar J. Haidn

AbstractThe Paris Agreement has highlighted the need in reducing carbon emissions. Attempts in using lower carbon fuels such as Propane gas have seen limited success, mainly due to liquid petroleum gas tanks structural/size limitations. A compromised solution is presented, by combusting Jet A fuel with a small fraction of Propane gas. Propane gas with its relatively faster overall igniting time, expedites the combustion process. Computational fluid dynamics software was used to demonstrate this solution, with results validated against physical engine data. Jet A fuel was combusted with different Propane gas dosing fractions. Results demonstrated that depending on specific propane gas dosing fractions emission reductions in ppm are; NOx from 84 to 41, CO2 from less than 18,372 to less than 15,865, escaping unburned fuels dropped from 11.4 (just Jet A) to 6.26e-2 (with a 0.2 fraction of Propane gas). Soot and CO increased, this is due to current combustion chamber air mixing design.


2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 102763
Author(s):  
Luciana M.B. Ventura ◽  
Yu (Jade) Jiang ◽  
Kanok Boriboonsomsin ◽  
George Scora ◽  
Kent Johnson ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa J. Dugan ◽  
Jeremy W. Lichstein ◽  
Al Steele ◽  
Juha M. Metsaranta ◽  
Steven Bick ◽  
...  

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Ando ◽  
Virginia McConnell ◽  
Winston Harrington
Keyword(s):  

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kokkvoll Tveit

Norway, previously an international frontrunner concerning reductions of transboundary air pollution, fell far short of its 2010 target for nitrogen oxides (NO x) under the 1999 Gothenburg Protocol. In this article I show that leading international compliance theories cannot explain much of this noncompliance. While little evidence supports the management school’s explanations, Norwegian policies are also inconsistent with the enforcement school. Albeit too late to meet the deadline, Norway imposed a NO x tax in 2007. Moreover, the resulting emissions reductions were deeper than in a business-as-usual scenario, despite no international enforcement. That the NO x tax was imposed only after an environmentalist party gained considerable influence over NO x policies in 2005 supports an office-incumbent hypothesis. However, as emissions also declined significantly in many other European countries after 2005, the explanation is likely structural. One possibility is the deadline-pressure hypothesis: As the deadline approached, decision-makers across Northern and Western Europe considered emissions reductions to be more urgent than before.


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