Individual Physical Growth Models and Biological Parameters of Japanese

2001 ◽  
pp. 17-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Shohoji ◽  
T. Sumiya
Keyword(s):  
Growth Models ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Biological Parameters

scholarly journals Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the North Atlantic: Biological parameters

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Lockyer
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
The North ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The North Atlantic

Biological parameters for harbour porpoises are reviewed throughout their range in the North Atlantic. Most information is based on studies of a combination of directed catches, bycatches and strandings. All these sources are valuable for providing biological information, but each carries some bias when it comes to interpretation of parameters, especially those involving age structure. Information on age-related parameters, reproduction and growth is presented and assessed by region and/or population, of which there may be 14 throughout the North Atlantic. Among age related parameters, maximum longevity recorded is 24 years; maximal rate of population growth is probably 9.4% but in the range 5-10%; mortality is highest in year 1, and <5% of the population live beyond 12 years; an estimate of 0.867 with a maximum age of 23 years has been given for survival. Among reproductive parameters, age at sexual maturation falls between 3-4 years for both sexes; age at first parturition is probably 4-5 years; age at first ovulation is >3 years; ovulation rates fall in the range 0.64 - 0.988 corpus per year, and reproductive interval is 1.01-1.57 years; pregnancy rates are generally in the range 0.74 - 0.986 per year, meaning that not all females produce a calf every year; there is seasonal breeding/mating in the period June–August; gestation lasts 10-11 months; parturition generally occurs between mid-May to mid-July; duration of lactation is uncertain, but is probably at least 8 months; size at birth is usually in the range 65-75 cm with a maximum size of about 80 cm. Sex ratio is biased to males throughout life: 1.1-1.2 males : 1.0 females in the foetal stage, and 1.1-1.7 males : 1.0 females post-natal. Growth parameters indicate an asymptotic length and weight that varies with population, but usually falls in the range 153-163 cm and 55-65 kg for females and 141-149 cm and 46-51 kg for males. Growth models used for length and weight are typically based on von Bertalanffy and Gompertz models. Length at sexual maturity also varies with population, but is usually in the range 138-147 cm for females and 127-135 cm for males. There is no information based on vertebral epiphyseal fusion to indicate age at physical maturity. Foetal growth appears normal, but there is uncertainty about the existence of embryonic diapause. Size/age at weaning are uncertain, but size may be <115 cm and at an age >8 months; however, entirely independent feeding may not occur until about 10 months.

scholarly journals Linear growth and mid-childhood cognitive outcomes in three birth cohorts of term-born children: an approach to integrating three growth models to explore critical windows

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e036850
Author(s):  
Michael Leung ◽  
Aditi Krishna ◽  
Seungmi Yang ◽  
Diego G Bassani ◽  
Daniel E Roth
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Prenatal Growth

ObjectiveTo illustrate that a mediation framework can help integrate inferences from three growth models to enable a comprehensive view of the associations between growth during specific developmental windows and mid-childhood IQ.DesignWe analysed direct and indirect associations between mid-childhood IQ and length/height growth in five early-life age intervals bounded by conception, birth, early, mid and late infancy, and mid-childhood using estimates from three growth models (lifecourse, conditional change and change score) applied to three historical birth cohorts.Participants and setting12 088 term-born children from the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP) in the USA (n=2170), the Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) in Belarus (n=8275) and the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS) in the Philippines (n=1643).Primary outcome measureMid-childhood IQ.ResultsOur analyses revealed cross-cohort and cross-interval variations in the direct and indirect effects of foetal and early childhood physical growth on mid-childhood IQ. For example, in CPP, there was a direct association of prenatal growth with IQ that was not evident in the other cohorts, whereas in PROBIT and CLHNS, we observed that foetal and early growth-IQ associations were mediated through size in later periods.ConclusionLifecourse, conditional change and change score growth models yield complementary inferences when appropriately interpreted. Future longitudinal studies of associations of early-life growth with later outcomes would benefit from adopting a causal mediation framework to integrate inferences from multiple complementary growth models.

scholarly journals A multi-model Framework for the Arabidopsis life cycle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Argyris Zardilis ◽  
Alastair Hume ◽  
Andrew J. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Genotype X Environment ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

AbstractLinking our understanding of biological processes at different scales is a major conceptual challenge in biology, which is aggravated by differences in research methods. Modelling can be a useful approach to consolidating our understanding across traditional research domains. The laboratory model species Arabidopsis thaliana is very widely used to study plant growth processes and has also been tested more recently in eco-physiology and population genetics. However, approaches from crop modelling that might link these domains are rarely applied to Arabidopsis. Here, we combine plant growth models with phenology models from eco-physiology, using the agent-based modelling language Chromar. We introduce a simpler Framework Model of vegetative growth for Arabidopsis, FM-lite. By extending this model to include inflorescence and fruit growth and seed dormancy, we present a whole-life-cycle, multi-model FM-life, which allows us to simulate at the population level in various genotype x environment scenarios. Environmental effects on plant growth distinguish between the simulated life history strategies that were compatible with previously-described Arabidopsis phenology. Our results simulate reproductive success that is founded on the broad range of physiological processes familiar from crop models and suggest an approach to simulate evolution directly in future.HighlightA whole-life-cycle multi-model for Arabidopsis thaliana combines phenology and physical growth models to explain reproductive success in different genotype x environment scenarios.

Physical Growth of Children.

1921 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 360-360
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
Physical Growth

CHANGE OF BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF POULTRY SEMEN AT CRYOPRESERVATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1230-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Iolchiev ◽  
V.A. Bagirov ◽  
M.A. Zhilinskiy ◽  
N.A. Volkova ◽  
N.A. Zinovieva
Keyword(s):  
Biological Parameters

APPLICATION OF SPC AND GROWTH MODELS ON THE ECONOMIC TRAJECTORY OF THE LEATHER AND FOOTWEAR INDUSTRY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Lesina ◽  
Lovorka Gotal Dmitrovic
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Statistical Process Control ◽  
Control Charts ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Production Staff ◽  
Footwear Industry

The paper shows the relation among the number of small, medium and large companies in the leather and footwear industry in Croatia, as well as the relation among the number of their employees by means of the Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficient. The data were collected during 21 years. The warning zone and the risk zone were determined by means of the Statistical Process Control (SPC) for a certain number of small, medium and large companies in the leather and footwear industry in Croatia. Growth models, based on externalities, models based on research and development and the AK models were applied for the analysis of the obtained research results. The paper shows using the correlation coefficients that The relation between the number of large companies and their number of employees is the strongest, i.e. large companies have the best structured work places. The relation between the number of medium companies and the number of their employees is a bit weaker, while there is no relation in small companies. This is best described by growth models based on externalities, in which growth generates the increase in human capital, i.e. the growth of the level of knowledge and skills in the entire economy, but also deductively in companies on microeconomic level. These models also recognize the limit of accumulated knowledge after which growth may be expected. The absence of growth in small companies results from an insufficient level of human capital and failure to reach its limit level which could generate growth. According to Statistical Process Control (SPC), control charts, as well as regression models, it is clear that the most cost-effective investment is the investment into medium companies. The paper demonstrates the disadvantages in small, medium and large companies in the leather and footwear industry in Croatia. Small companies often emerge too quickly and disappear too easily owing to the employment of administrative staff instead of professional production staff. As the models emphasize, companies need to invest into their employees and employ good production staff. Investment and support to the medium companies not only strengthens the companies which have a well-arranged technological process and a good systematization of work places, but this also helps large companies, as there is a strong correlation between the number of medium and large companies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document