The Right to Privacy for Children on the Internet: New Developments in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights

2014 ◽  
pp. 143-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marga M. Groothuis
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND THE RIGHT TO RESPECT FOR PRIVATE LIFE

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4/2020) ◽  
pp. 249-265
Author(s):  
Goran Ilic
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Private Life ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

The paper analyzes the relationship between freedom of expression and the right to respect for honour and reputation. It was pointed out the importance that is given to freedom of expression nowadays, and it was especially considered the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. On that occasion, the difference that exists between public and private personalities was pointed out, as well as the doubts that may arise from the distinction between factual statements and value judgments. When it comes to the right to privacy, the author referred to the importance of honour and reputation, and on that occasion reminded of the “double” presence of these values. In one case it is Art. 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and in another the case law of the European Court of Human Rights regarding the meaning of the term of the right to privacy from Art. 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Solutions in domestic law and case law are analyzed, and special attention is paid to one case in which the relationship between freedom of expression and violation of honor and reputation was discussed. The specificity of this situation is reflected, inter alia, in the fact that we are talking about university professors. The author used the normative, comparative and historical method when writing the paper.

scholarly journals Internet and freedom of expression in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1023-1042
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Mijović
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Private Life ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The Internet ◽  
European Court ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Internet as a means of communication, whatever the type of information it might be used for, falls within the exercise of the right to freedom of expression, as guaranteed by Article 10 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. As established in the European Court's case law, freedom of expression constitutes one of the essentials of a democratic society, therefore limitations on that freedom foreseen in Article 10 § 2 of the Convention are to be interpreted strictly. In order to ensure effective protection of one's freedom of expression on the Internet, States bear a positive obligation to create an appropriate regulatory framework, balancing the right to freedom of expression on one and the limitations prescribed in Article 10 § 2, on the other hand. Special attention in doing so is to be paid to the risk of harm posed by content and communications on the Internet to the exercise and enjoyment of other human rights and freedoms guaranteed by the European Convention, particularly the right to respect for private life. While it is the fact that the electronic network, serving billions of users worldwide, will never be subject to the same regulations and control, because of the national authorities' margin of appreciation, the European Court established commonly applicable general principles regarding the Internet as a media of exercising right to freedom of expression.

scholarly journals Prawo do naturalnego i godnego umierania

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Orzeszyna
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Case Law ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Artificial Nutrition ◽  
Artificial Nutrition And Hydration ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Right

<p>The article addresses the issue of the right to natural and dignified dying in the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights. The right to life enshrined in Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights is currently balanced in judicial practice with the right to privacy. The right to effectively demand inflicting death is usually located in the sphere of autonomous human decisions. However, not only is the construction of such a right contrary to the principle of dignity of every person, but it would erode the guarantees vested in any terminally-ill person. The analysis of Strasbourg’s case-law setting a common standard for the ECHR Member States does not make it possible to assume the existence of the right to death as a subjective right of an individual. In the area of the protection of human life, States are obliged to take positive action. That relatively established case-law was clearly modified in the case <em>Lambert and others v. France</em>, as the Court crossed the red line in favour of passive euthanasia, accepting the vague French procedural rules recognizing artificial nutrition and hydration of the patient as a form of therapy that may be discontinued.</p>

The Conservatism of the European Court of Humans Rights Regarding Abortions on Demand

2015 ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Pitsou Anastasia
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
On Demand ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Right

In this chapter, the authors negotiate the fact that the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) missed the opportunity to recognize the right to abortion under specific criteria that are harmonized with the right to life and the right to privacy. It obviously remains a triumph of nationalism and of religious power over human dignity.

scholarly journals Predictive analytics in crime prevention and the European Convention on Human Rights: tackling risks in privacy and fair trial frameworks

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-250
Author(s):  
Donatas Murauskas
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Conceptual Issue ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Right

In this paper, I discuss whether the European Convention on Human Rights provides safeguards to individuals affected by predictive analytics in crime prevention. I start with depicting a conceptual issue that worries legal scholars – the trend of law-enforcement authorities to increase their attention to crime prevention rather than traditional criminal investigations. Then, I dive into the right to privacy case-law of the European Court of Human Rights looking for the Court’s references to the threats of data processing. Lastly, I select concrete cases of the European Court of Human Rights on the right to a fair trial to show that the human rights safeguards are not yet developed to frame predictive analytics in crime prevention.

scholarly journals Article 8 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the right to privacy in the Constitution of Montenegro

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Ivan Vukčević
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
European Court ◽  
Fundamental Freedoms ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Right ◽  
Different Content

The subject of this paper is a comparative analysis of the right to respect for private and family life in the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the right to privacy in the Constitution of Montenegro. To this end, the paper presents relevant provisions in these documents along with a critical approach to their (in) compliance, both in the determination of specific rights and in cases of their restriction. The paper seeks to offer an answer to the question on whether this right is adequately implemented in the Constitution of Montenegro, as well as whether its different content, analyzed on the concrete example, requires direct application of international law. The author also seeks to provide information on whether insufficient harmonization of the provisions of international and national law in this area may affect more complete protection of this right. To this end, the paper analyzes one of the cases in which the European Court of Human Rights ruled on the violation of Article 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in relation to Montenegro. Starting from the presented subject matter, at the end of the paper, appropriate conclusions are drawn about possible directions of improvement of existing solutions and practices in which they are realized. Author primarily used normative and comparative law method together with the case-law analysis.

scholarly journals The Police Hack Back: Legitimacy, Necessity and Privacy Implications of The Next Step in Fighting Cybercrime

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L.D. Pool ◽  
B.H.M. Custers
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Dutch Government ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Police Agencies ◽  
The Right

In an attempt to strengthen the position of the police to fight cybercrime, the Dutch government proposed new legislation giving police agencies new investigative powers on the Internet. This proposed legislation is controversial as it allows police agencies to hack into computers and install spyware. This paper examines the background and contents of the proposed legislation and tries to answer the question to what extent these new investigative powers may result in infringements of the right to privacy and other fundamental rights of citizens, and whether these infringements are justified. The framework for this evaluation, mainly based on the European Convention on Human Rights, focuses on the legitimacy and necessity of the proposed investigative powers. The most important considerations are that new investigative powers are introduced while existing powers are not used adequately and that there are serious doubts as to whether these new investigative powers will be effective.

scholarly journals Is Social Media Challenging the Authority of the Judiciary? Rethinking the Effectiveness of Anonymised and Super Injunctions in the Age of the Internet

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (32) ◽  
pp. 39-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaddeus Manu ◽  
Felipe Romero Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Fundamental Tension ◽  
The Right

Abstract While freedom of expression has a long and well-established constitutional foundation as a self-governing concept, the right to privacy is a relatively recent norm in the constitutional orientation of the United Kingdom. Until the Human Rights Act 1998, the right to privacy had little standing constitutionally. Following on from this standard-setting, notably, both rights have taken on added importance in our modern technological society. Nevertheless, the formulation of privacy into a legal doctrine of human rights seems to have presented a fundamental tension in relation to freedom of expression. As a matter of legal logic, the courts, through a consideration of the law, examine the substantive legal issues in terms of a balancing process, whereby the interest in privacy is balanced against the interest in freedom of expression. It is a matter of broad principle for the courts to rely on injunctions as ancillary instruments of equity in doing justice in this field. Significantly, while the elementary norm of an injunction is that it commands an act that the court regards as an essential constituent to justice, unfortunately, many contend that judges have gone beyond this point, and this is shifting opinions. In fact, serious concerns have been frequently expressed about the extent to which the rich are easily able to invoke the discretion of the court to grant injunctions in a fashion that remains an antithesis to the principle of open justice and also undermines the exercise of freedom of speech. While this suspicion is not entirely new to matters of procedural law, the recent case, PJS v News Group Newspapers turned on this controversy. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to examine the complexity of celebrity privacy injunctions in the age of the internet and question its relevance, as we outline the extent to which social media is challenging the authority of the state (judiciary) in this direction.

scholarly journals Internet e Proteção de Dados Pessoais: uma Análise das Normas Jurídicas Brasileiras a partir das Repercussões do caso NSA vs. Edward Snowden

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salete Oro Boff ◽  
Vinícius Borges Fortes
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
National Security Agency ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Right

INTERNET E PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS PESSOAIS: UMA ANÁLISE DAS NORMAS JURÍDICAS BRASILEIRAS A PARTIR DAS REPERCUSSÕES DO CASO NSA VS. EDWARD SNOWDEN  INTERNET AND PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA: AN ANALYSIS OF BRAZILIAN LEGAL STANDARDS THROUGH THE REPERCUSSIONS OF THE CASE NSA VS. EDWARD SNOWDEN   Salete Oro Boff*Vinícius Borges Fortes**  RESUMO: A Constituição Federal do Brasil, no artigo 5º, inciso X, assegura a inviolabilidade da vida privada, da intimidade e da honra como um direito fundamental. O Marco Civil da Internet instituiu, no Brasil, diversidade de princípios e parâmetros para a regulação da internet no país. Observa-se, assim, a existência de uma lacuna no sistema jurídico brasileiro, de norma e infraestrutura, para a efetivação da garantia ao direito à proteção dos dados na internet como em outros países. Esta pesquisa busca responder em que medida a norma jurídica brasileira esta adequada como resposta aos atos de vigilância e monitoramento de informações e dados pessoais dos usuários praticada pela NSA – National Security Agency, a partir dos objetivos de (i) observar e mapear a interação de diálogos sociais e institucionais dos Estados Unidos na formação do backlash do caso NSA vs. Edward Snowden; (ii) observar e mapear os resultados da formação do backlash do caso NSA vs. Edward Snowden a partir do reconhecimento da violação do direito à privacidade e à proteção dos dados pessoais como violação de direitos humanos; (iii) observar e mapear as normas jurídicas brasileiras constituídas a partir da compreensão jurídica da internet e as repercussões do caso NSA vs. Edward Snowden. A pesquisa desenvolve o método de análise do mapeamento crítico, analisando comparativamente a interação de diálogos sociais e institucionais nos Estados Unidos na formação do backlash no caso NSA vs. Edward Snowden, relacionado à vigilância e monitoramento de dados e informações pessoais pela agência estadunidense. O mapeamento crítico proposto nessa pesquisa leva em consideração os marcos regulatórios para a governança da internet no Brasil, e que tenham por escopo assegurar a proteção jurídica do direito à privacidade, à inviolabilidade dos dados pessoais, em equilíbrio com o direito ao acesso à informação, sobretudo em relação ao tema do estudo, que se concentra na compreensão de que a violação do direito à privacidade e à proteção dos dados pessoais configura uma transgressão aos direitos humanos. A pesquisa identifica que o Brasil possui normas jurídicas que atendem parcialmente aos anseios da sociedade em relação à proteção de dados pessoais, especialmente após a repercussão dos atos de vigilância em massa promovidos pelo governo dos EUA. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Privacidade. Vigilância em massa. Ciberespaço. NSA vs. Edward Snowden. ABSTRACT: Brazilian Federal Constitution, Article 5, section X, ensure the inviolability of privacy, intimacy and honour as a fundamental right. The Brazilian Internet Bill of Rights (also called ‘Marco Civil da Internet’) instituted a diversity of principles and parameters for regulation of Internet in Brazil. Therefore, it can be verified the existence of a gap in Brazilian legal system, which cannot assure as effective guarantee to the right to data protection on the Internet as identified in other countries. This research seeks to analyze to what extent the Brazilian legal rules are appropriate to answer acts of surveillance and monitoring of information and personal data of users practiced by the NSA - National Security Agency. Its aim is (i) to observe and map the interaction between social and institutional dialogues in US in the backlash formation of the NSA vs. Edward Snowden case; (ii) to observe and map the results of the formation of the backlash of the NSA vs. Edward Snowden case through the recognition of the infringement of the right to privacy and protection of personal data as an infringement of human rights; and (iii) to examine and map Brazilian legal rules established based on a legal understanding of the Internet and the repercussions of the NSA vs. Edward Snowden. This research was developed through the method of analysis of critical mapping, comparatively analysing the interaction of social and institutional dialogue in the United States in the formation of backlash of NSA vs. Edward Snowden, which was related to the surveillance and the monitoring of data and personal information by the US agency. The critical mapping proposed in this study takes into account  regulatory frameworks for the governance of the Internet in Brazil that have the scope to ensure legal protection of the right to privacy and inviolability of personal data, in balance with the right of access to information. The research emphasizes the understanding that the infringement of the right to privacy and the protection of personal data constitutes a violation of human rights. The study identifies that Brazil has legal rules that partially meet social concerns regarding the protection of personal data, especially after the impact of actions of mass surveillance promoted by the US government. KEYWORDS: Privacy. Surveillance. Cyberspace. Human rights. NSA vs. Edward Snowden. SUMÁRIO: Introdução. 1 Internet, ciberespaço e sociedade: a violação de direitos e o uso de dados pessoais. 1.1 A sociedade da relevância, o Estado de vigilância e a surveillance. 2 Uma análise da violação de dados pessoais na internet a partir do caso NSA vs. Edward Snowden. 2.1 O Direito brasileiro e as repercussões do caso NSA vs. Edward Snowden. 2.1.1 A tutela da proteção de dados pessoais em um contexto constituído a partir de uma compreensão jurídica da internet. Conclusão. Referências.* Pós-doutora pela Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Doutora em Direito pela Universidade do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS). Professora do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Faculdade Meridional (IMED), Rio Grande do Sul.** Doutor em Direito pela Universidade Estácio de Sá (UNESA), Rio de Janeiro, na linha de pesquisa Direitos Fundamentais e Novos Direitos. Professor do curso de Direita da Faculdade Meridional (IMED), Rio Grande do Sul.

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