One Belt, One Road in Central Asia: Progress, Challenges, and Implications

2018 ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farkhod Tolipov
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
One Belt One Road

scholarly journals Is Transportation Infrastructure Important to the One Belt One Road (OBOR) Initiative? Empirical Evidence from the Selected Asian Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Jing Yii ◽  
Kai-Ying Bee ◽  
Wei-Yong Cheam ◽  
Yee-Lee Chong ◽  
Ching-Mei Lee
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative is implemented to improve the linkage between China and its neighboring countries in terms of economic ties, connectivity, partnership, and security cooperation. The crucial challenge encountered in OBOR initiative is the different gauge standards from different countries in the development of railway along the Silk Road. Another issue arose from the regulation of education sector in the aspect of quality, cost, and efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, there is still lack of study on the transportation infrastructure and education towards the GDP in the selected Asian countries, especially for Central Asia. Therefore, this study aims to examine the impact of OBOR initiative and its importance towards economic growth by further investigating the determinants such as transportation infrastructure, education, labor, trade, and inflation rate. This study employs panel data analysis using the annual data from the period of 2000–2015. The selected Asian countries are divided into three regions, namely Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan), ASEAN (Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia), and East Asia (China, Mongolia). Besides, we use fixed effect model (FEM) to obtain the results based on the support of Hausman test and Poolability F-test. The findings reveal that transportation infrastructure possess a positive effect on GDP. Surprisingly, education is negatively related to GDP. With this, policy makers are suggested to encourage OBOR countries to expand and upgrade their system in terms of transportation infrastructure, human capital, culture, and education. In future studies, the advanced model is recommended to investigate the pre- and post-efficiency of OBOR initiative.

scholarly journals KAZAKHSTAN-CHINESE RELATIONS AND CHALLENGE OF FOREIGN FORCES

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanat Kakar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rich Country ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Road Project ◽  
The One ◽  
External Forces ◽  
The Impact

In 2013, China's Silk Road Initiative, the One Belt One Road project, was first mentioned in Kazakhstan and has been widely discussed by major countries and international organizations. Kazakhstan's participation in this project, a resource-rich country in Central Asia, has attracted world attention, and the impact of external forces on Central Asia will have its own impact on the implementation of this project. The interests of countries such as Russia and the United States in Central Asia and the views of international organizations are important factors in the implementation of this project. This article examines the relations between China and Kazakhstan in the framework of the "One Belt - One Road" initiative and the competition of external forces influencing it, their views on the project, their interests, the project and competing projects, and highlights important international organizations and agreements. and the toothed conclusion is pronounced.

scholarly journals KAZAKHSTAN-CHINA UNDER THE INITIATIVE «ONE BELT - ONE ROAD» RELATIONSHIPS AND CONFLICT ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Darkenov ◽  
◽  
K. Kakar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
North West ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The North ◽  
Eurasian Continent ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
The One ◽  
The Silk Road

Central Asia is the heart of the Eurasian continent, a region directly adjacent to China, and the Silk Road, which connects the Eurasian continent, passes through this region. Kazakhstan is a country rich in natural resources and energy in Central Asia. Apart from the mineral resources of Central Asia, its location as the center of two continents, its importance in China's foreign trade and its strategic position in the defense of the North-West Frontier, made Kazakhstan known to the world about the location of this project. Since 2014, China has focused on the "One Belt - One Road" strategy in the region. Since 2014, economic relations between the two countries have developed under the "One Belt - One Road" initiative, but the problems remain. The article is devoted to the analysis of economic relations between the two countries and give some suggestions to solve the problem

scholarly journals “One Belt One Road” and Central Asia: A New Trend in Internationalization of Higher Education?

2018 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Aisi Li
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Internationalization Of Higher Education ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Confucius Institutes ◽  
The Impact

China’s One Belt One Road (OBOR) strategy is the latest trend in international relations, and it is making a real impact on higher education in Central Asia. This article discusses the impact of three aspects of the plan: Chinese funding for study abroad, the Confucius Institutes, and the role of Xinjiang, China’s northwestern frontier.

EXTERNAL TRIGGERS OF INTEGRATION PROCESSES IN CENTRAL ASIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
VALERY MIKHAYLENKO ◽  
◽  
RUSTAMI SUHROB
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
External Actors ◽  
Available Resources

The article examines the influence of external actors on the processes of integration and regionalization in Central Asia. The authors view Central Asia as a region undergoing reformatting. In their previously published articles, they analyzed intraregional processes that affect integration. In this article, I analyze the role of external actors, namely, global and major regional powers in the formation of the region. The authors note the increased competition from integration projects in the region, especially transport and logistics infrastructure projects. In this regard, the article raises the topic of pairing integration projects proposed by external actors. Using the example of the analysis of attempts to pair the Russian EAEU project and the Chinese one “Belt, One Road”, the authors point to the difficulties of achieving interaction between competing partners. The article notes that in spite of the available resources for using “soft power” in the region, Russia must take into account the growing rivalry on the part of external actors for influence in the region and respond flexibly to emerging challenges.

Central Asia's Role in China's Energy Security

2019 ◽  
pp. 167-191
Author(s):  
Paulo Afonso Brardo Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Central Asian Countries

Central Asia has gained extraordinary importance in recent years in the framework of global energy security. China is the most significant example of a power that looks to its periphery as a viable option for energy supply. In Central Asia, Chinese companies are dynamic players having even broken the long Soviet and Russian monopoly over regional pipelines. This chapter examines the importance of the region within China's energy security, while not overlooking the potential contribution of the China-Pakistan economic corridor in the energy transit. In addition, Central Asia is likely to help China reduce the energy deficit in Xinjiang, through the import of hydroelectricity generated in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Although Central Asia's contribution to global energy security is low, it matters in a context of energy diversification, in which China's One Belt One Road brought a more promising dynamics to the cooperation between Beijing and Central Asian countries.

The Future of Christianity in South and Central Asia

2019 ◽  
pp. 433-444
Author(s):  
Savithri Sumanthiran
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Contextual Theology ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
Rich Description ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
The Future ◽  
Road Project ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Church

Christianity in Central Asia has had to negotiate between militant atheism and Islam. The challenge in the region remains the proclamation of the gospel amidst diverse ideologies. However, the witness of the Church is challenged by internal disunity. Communities that have been Islamic for centuries are now going back to their roots. Conversion from Islam is perceived as a matter of being an instrument of social fragmentation. Still, the Chinese ‘One Belt, One Road’ project has spawned the need for skilled workers, providing opportunities for Christians to be present in these countries. An important issue for the future of Christianity in the region will be the need to invest in a contextual theology that is able to evangelise without causing offence to the Islamic community. To live out the Christian faith in a convincing way in such a context will involve Christians drawing from their own Scriptures the rich description of the kingdom of God that can shape the entire life of a community. South Asian countries have all seen an improvement in gender parity over the last decades. As Christians live among social strata, they can show the relevance of their message to the contemporary context.

Integration in post-Soviet Central Asia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Zuenko
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Political Ties ◽  
Active Search ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Soviet Central Asia

The 2010s became the time of active search for new forms of integration in the wide Eurasian space between Europe and East Asia. The most well-known is China’s One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). A 7000-kilometre border between China and the EAEU was formed in 2015, which became a crucial factor in the cooperation of China and Post-Soviet Central Asia. Many regard the EAEU as just a Moscow geopolitical project and underestimated its real impacts on economic and political ties in Eurasia, particularly in post-Soviet Central Asia. This chapter examines the EAEU as a factor of international relations in the global discussion about the OBOR initiative.

scholarly journals “One Belt One Road” and Central Asia: A New Trend in Internationalization of Higher Education?

2018 ◽  
pp. 14-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisi Li
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Internationalization Of Higher Education ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Confucius Institutes ◽  
The Impact

China’s One Belt One Road (OBOR) strategy is the latest trend in international relations, and it is making a real impact on higher education in Central Asia. This article discusses the impact of three aspects of the plan: Chinese funding for study abroad, the Confucius Institutes, and the role of Xinjiang, China’s northwestern frontier.

Revival of the Silk Roads in Asia

2017 ◽  
pp. 139-160
Author(s):  
Pradumna B. Rana ◽  
Wai-Mun Chia
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
East Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
The Third ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Rich History

This chapter focuses on infrastructure connectivity issues that are required for providing efficient service links between production blocs. It argues that after enjoying a rich history of about 1,600 years, the Silk Roads (land connectivity) went into disrepair. Now, for various reasons, land connectivity is once again making a comeback in Asia. First, is the growing importance of supply chain trade or parts and component trade which require efficient service links. The second is the ‘Go West’ policy and the ‘One Belt, One Road’ policy in China. The third is the opening of Myanmar, the node between SA and EA. This chapter also reviews bilateral, regional, and Asia-wide efforts to revive land connectivity including the ASEAN–India Connectivity projects and the recently initiated Bangladesh–China–India–Myanmar Economic Corridor. The chapter then proposes several new Trans-Himalayan Economic Corridors for seamless Pan-Asian connectivity between South Asia, Central Asia, and East Asia.

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