Offsetting, Denialism, and Risk

In Climate Matters John Broome defends two claims. First, if you live a “normal life” in a rich country, you will probably cause significant harm by your emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG), violating a moral duty of harm-avoidance. Second, you can satisfy this duty by offsetting your emissions. Some would deny Broome’s first claim on the grounds that an individual’s emissions of GHG do no harm. Broome calls this position “IndividualDenialism” (ID) and in a recent paper he attempts to refute it. I explain how, if Broome’s refutation of ID were successful, it would undermine his claim that you can satisfy your duty of harm avoidance by offsetting. I suggest an alternative defence of the claim that you can satisfy your individual duty to reduce your carbon footprint by offsetting. This alternative defence assumes that your duty to reduce your carbon footprint derives from a duty of risk-avoidance.

Wasserverbrauch privater Haushalte in Deutschland: Eine empirische Mikroanalyse

Germany is a rather water-rich country. Nevertheless, climatic changes might make it necessary to use water resources carefully in the future, especially in times of drought. Against this background, this paper estimates the price elasticity of household water consumption, differentiating between households that have a rough knowledge of water prices and households that do not. Based on about 1,100 observations for households living in single-family houses and using the sum of cubic meter prices for water and wastewater as price measure, we find a moderate but statistically significantly non-zero price elasticity of -0.102. Households that have knowledge of water prices tend to exhibit a higher elasticity, while households without price knowledge do not show a statistically significant response in their water consumption. Prices can thus only be used to a limited extent as a means of controlling water consumption.

Increased Production of Freedia Herbal SME Hippocrates Medika Palembang with The Application of Extraction Machine Technology

Indonesia is the second largest biodiversity-rich country in the world. Abundant biodiversity makes Indoensia rich in the potential of plants to be used as a variety of flavorful vegetables, dried fruit, medicine and medicinal plants packaged in the form of herbs. Freedia is the flagship product of this SME which is downstream from the innovation products of Rachmat Hidayat and the team. Freedia is an herb that is processed as a brew drink to overcome diabetes mellitus disorder. The implementation of this activity uses methods of observation, interview, design, manufacturing, trial, application and monitoring. Based on the results of the application of extraction machines in UKM Hippocrates Medika it can be concluded that the existence of these machines greatly supports the production process of freedia herbs to three times more than before.

Livelihood Alternative among Patachitra artisan communities

India is a rich country with various traditional practices like handicrafts which are ever glorious. Patachitra artisan community in West Bengal is famous globally for its quality paintings. The present study has examined the livelihood alternative among the Patachitra artisan communities in Bengal in India. Descriptive research design is used in this study, and data were collected using a structured interview schedule and participatory rural appraisal method. The study found that the artisans were entirely dependent upon handcraft and its allied activities for their livelihood. Their income, as well as saving, had been increased after getting an artisan card. The study also found that the artisans were not aware of the government`s various welfare schemes and facilities.

Stockmann, Reinhard, Meyer, Wolfgang und Taube, Lena (Eds.) (2020). The Institutionalisation of Evaluation in Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN: 978-3-030-32283-0.

In covering 16 European countries, the 500 pages book provides a broad overview (“stocktaking”) of the development of evaluation in Europe focusing on the institutions and actors initiating, involved in, and using evaluation. The book is made up of the (conceptually reflected) introductory and (aptly) summarizing chapters written by the editors and the (substantive data-rich) country reports written by some 20 country experts. While all countries show a “macro” trend in the convergent rise of evaluation (particularly with regard to government-commissioned evaluation and of “professionalization” of evaluators), the countries show marked variance (country-specific “starting conditions”, dynamics (“waves”), institutional forms, etc.). The book can be deemed a valuable update and extension of the previous “stocktaking” of evaluation in the “International Atlas of Evaluation” edited by Jan-Eric Furubo, Ray C. Rist and Rolf Sandahl in 2002. It has the potential of being a standard source and handbook in evaluation-related teaching, research, and practice for many years.

American Relations with Turkmenistan after War on Terrorism

Turkmenistan is energy rich country located in Central Asian region. It got neutrality status from United Nations in 1995, under this status it cannot involve in any kind of alliances, defense treaties and pacts against any other countries. After war against terrorism Turkmenistan got American attention due to its strategic location and its border attached with Afghanistan. It provided assistance to the Unites States on Humanitarian basis. The research paper examines American political, economic and defense relations with Turkmenistan. It also analyses the role of Turkmenistan against war against terrorism.