Mechanisms of Maturation and Germination in Crop Seeds Exposed to Environmental Stresses with a Focus on Nutrients, Water Status, and Reactive Oxygen Species

The aim was to evaluate the interactive effects on biochemistry and physiology of soybean plants exposed to simultaneous xenobiotic and water deficit stresses, and the possible attenuation of plant damage by an antioxidant agent. Soybean plants were submitted to eight different soil water potentials, in two experiments (first experiment: −0.96, −0.38, −0.07, −0.02 MPa, and second experiment: −3.09, −1.38, −0.69, −0.14 MPa), xenobiotic, and antioxidant agent applications. Was observed a reduction in water status, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, photosystem II quantum yield, and increased leaf temperature in plants under low water availability. Water deficit also induced oxidative stress by the increased production of reactive oxygen species, cellular and molecular damage, and induction of the antioxidant defense metabolism, reduction of gas exchange, water status, and photosynthetic efficiency. The xenobiotic application also caused changes, with deleterious effects more pronounced in low soil water availability, mainly the reactive oxygen species production, consequently the antioxidant activity, and the oxidative damages. This indicates different responses to the combination of stresses. Antioxidant enzyme activity was reduced by the application of the antioxidant agent. Principal Component Analysis showed a relation with the antioxidant agent and reactive oxygen species, which is probably due to signaling function, and with defense antioxidant system, mainly glutathione, represented by thiols.

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Friend or foe? Reactive oxygen species production, scavenging and signaling in plant response to environmental stresses

Free Radical Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 122 ◽

pp. 4-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 121

Author(s):

Weronika Czarnocka ◽

Stanisław Karpiński

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species Production ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Environmental Stresses ◽

Plant Response ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Species Production

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Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Damage, and Antioxidative Defense Mechanism in Plants under Stressful Conditions

Journal of Botany ◽

10.1155/2012/217037 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1418

Author(s):

Pallavi Sharma ◽

Ambuj Bhushan Jha ◽

Rama Shanker Dubey ◽

Mohammad Pessarakli

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Defense Mechanism ◽

Second Messengers ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Environmental Stresses ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Antioxidative Defense ◽

Normal Product

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as a normal product of plant cellular metabolism. Various environmental stresses lead to excessive production of ROS causing progressive oxidative damage and ultimately cell death. Despite their destructive activity, they are well-described second messengers in a variety of cellular processes, including conferment of tolerance to various environmental stresses. Whether ROS would serve as signaling molecules or could cause oxidative damage to the tissues depends on the delicate equilibrium between ROS production, and their scavenging. Efficient scavenging of ROS produced during various environmental stresses requires the action of several nonenzymatic as well as enzymatic antioxidants present in the tissues. In this paper, we describe the generation, sites of production and role of ROS as messenger molecules as well as inducers of oxidative damage. Further, the antioxidative defense mechanisms operating in the cells for scavenging of ROS overproduced under various stressful conditions of the environment have been discussed in detail.

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Toxicity of reactive carbonyl compounds to plants

BULLETIN of the L N Gumilyov Eurasian National University BIOSCIENCE Series ◽

10.32523/2616-7034-2021-136-3-86-92 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 136 (3) ◽

pp. 86-92

Author(s):

Z. Nurbekova ◽

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Carbonyl Compounds ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Environmental Stresses ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Reactive Aldehydes ◽

Reactive Carbonyl Compounds ◽

Uv C ◽

Reactive Carbonyl

In plants, environmental stresses result in oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and the generation of reactive carbonyl aldehydes. Reactive carbonyl aldehydes are downstream products of reactive oxygen species which can be described as critical cell-damaging agents in plants under various environmental stresses. In this paper toxicity of reactive carbonyl aldehydes and its generation under stress conditions are discussed. Moreover, involvement of reactive carbonyl aldehydes in stress- induced damage to plants is demonstrated. Toxic effect of reactive aldehydes such as acrolein, malondialdehyde and crotonaldehyde in plants under different stresses and their high electrophilicity is also discussed. Increases in malondialdehyde was demonstrated in UV-C stressed plants as the result of carbonyl modified proteins. A malondialdehyde is one of the widely shown aldehyde, which can be demonstrated as an indicator of reactive oxygen species. Malondialdehyde isomerized to 3-hydroxyacrolein whereas it can be described as a dialdehyde. The article considers detrimental actions of reactive carbonyl aldehydes and their chemical properties as well as detoxification of reactive carbonyl aldehydes by multiple enzymes such as aldehyde dehydrogenase, aldehyde reductase, aldo-keto reductase and 2-alkenal reductase.

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Linking hydrogen-mediated boron toxicity tolerance with improvement of root elongation, water status and reactive oxygen species balance: a case study for rice

Annals of Botany ◽

10.1093/aob/mcw181 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 118 (7) ◽

pp. 1279-1291 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yu Wang ◽

Xingliang Duan ◽

Sheng Xu ◽

Ren Wang ◽

Zhaozeng Ouyang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Root Elongation ◽

Water Status ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Boron Toxicity ◽

Oxygen Species

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Mitochondria as a source of reactive oxygen species

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj20090056 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. c3 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Helena M. Cochemé ◽

Michael P. Murphy

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species

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Clinical aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Biochemical Society Symposium ◽

10.1042/bss0710121 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 121-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Ascan Warnholtz ◽

Maria Wendt ◽

Michael August ◽

Thomas Münzel

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

No Production ◽

Oxygen Species

Endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic smoking, as well as in the setting of heart failure, has been shown to be at least partly dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells and the adventitia, and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of NO. Superoxide-producing enzymes involved in increased oxidative stress within vascular tissue include NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in an uncoupled state. Recent studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction of peripheral and coronary resistance and conductance vessels represents a strong and independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. Ways to reduce endothelial dysfunction include risk-factor modification and treatment with substances that have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and, simultaneously, to stimulate endothelial NO production, such as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or the statins. In contrast, in conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, in vascular tissue is established, treatment with NO, e.g. via administration of nitroglycerin, results in a rapid development of endothelial dysfunction, which may worsen the prognosis in patients with established coronary artery disease.

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