A Novel Method to Detect Program Malfunctioning on Embedded Devices Using Run-Time Trace

2018 ◽  
pp. 491-500
Author(s):  
Garima Singhal ◽  
Sahadev Roy
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Devices ◽  
Time Trace ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Run Time

IMPROVED REPRESENTATIVES FOR JUDGING UNREPAIRABILITY AND DECIDING ECONOMIC REPAIR SOLUTIONS OF MEMORIES

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
HSING-CHUNG LIANG
Keyword(s):  
Novel Method ◽  
Run Time

This paper introduces a novel method of identifying better representatives of faulty cells in a memory map to help judge unrepairability and provide economical repair solutions. These representatives, called leading elements (LE), are classified into four primary types based on their characteristics. The proposed method primarily assigns the faulty cells without row or column complements as LE, making them more useful in judging unrepairability and providing economical repair solutions. Some initially identified LE are further replaced with suitable faulty cells for being LE. Experiments on many example maps show the distribution of LE in various sizes of memories with distinct numbers of faulty cells. Compared to the previous work, the improved procedure can identify 7.3% more LE, with only 1.5% additional run time.

scholarly journals A novel method to accurately locate and count large numbers of steps by photobleaching

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (22) ◽  
pp. 3601-3615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Tsekouras ◽  
Thomas C. Custer ◽  
Hossein Jashnsaz ◽  
Nils G. Walter ◽  
Steve Pressé
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Bayesian Method ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Emission Signal ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Time Trace ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Rna Complexes

Photobleaching event counting is a single-molecule fluorescence technique that is increasingly being used to determine the stoichiometry of protein and RNA complexes composed of many subunits in vivo as well as in vitro. By tagging protein or RNA subunits with fluorophores, activating them, and subsequently observing as the fluorophores photobleach, one obtains information on the number of subunits in a complex. The noise properties in a photobleaching time trace depend on the number of active fluorescent subunits. Thus, as fluorophores stochastically photobleach, noise properties of the time trace change stochastically, and these varying noise properties have created a challenge in identifying photobleaching steps in a time trace. Although photobleaching steps are often detected by eye, this method only works for high individual fluorophore emission signal-to-noise ratios and small numbers of fluorophores. With filtering methods or currently available algorithms, it is possible to reliably identify photobleaching steps for up to 20–30 fluorophores and signal-to-noise ratios down to ∼1. Here we present a new Bayesian method of counting steps in photobleaching time traces that takes into account stochastic noise variation in addition to complications such as overlapping photobleaching events that may arise from fluorophore interactions, as well as on-off blinking. Our method is capable of detecting ≥50 photobleaching steps even for signal-to-noise ratios as low as 0.1, can find up to ≥500 steps for more favorable noise profiles, and is computationally inexpensive.

EJVM: an economic Java run‐time environment for embedded devices

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da‐Wei Chang ◽  
Ruei‐Chuan Chang
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Devices ◽  
Run Time

scholarly journals Hardware-Based Run-Time Code Integrity in Embedded Devices

Cryptography ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taimour Wehbe ◽  
Vincent Mooney ◽  
David Keezer
Keyword(s):  
Memory System ◽  
Main Memory ◽  
Time Code ◽  
Embedded Devices ◽  
Software Vulnerabilities ◽  
Integrity Checking ◽  
Code Integrity ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Kernel Level ◽  
Level Process

Attacks on embedded devices are becoming more and more prevalent, primarily due to the extensively increasing plethora of software vulnerabilities. One of the most dangerous types of these attacks targets application code at run-time. Techniques to detect such attacks typically rely on software due to the ease of implementation and integration. However, these techniques are still vulnerable to the same attacks due to their software nature. In this work, we present a novel hardware-assisted run-time code integrity checking technique where we aim to detect if executable code resident in memory is modified at run-time by an adversary. Specifically, a hardware monitor is designed and attached to the device’s main memory system. The monitor creates page-based signatures (hashes) of the code running on the system at compile-time and stores them in a secure database. It then checks for the integrity of the code pages at run-time by regenerating the page-based hashes (with data segments zeroed out) and comparing them to the legitimate hashes. The goal is for any modification to the binary of a user-level or kernel-level process that is resident in memory to cause a comparison failure and lead to a kernel interrupt which allows the affected application to halt safely.

The removal and morphology of intact biofilms from implanted venous access devices

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 1020-1021
Author(s):  
M.A. Gregory ◽  
G.P. Hadley
Keyword(s):  
Patient Selection ◽  
Surgical Oncology ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Indwelling Catheters ◽  
Careful Patient ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vascular Catheters ◽  
Venous Access Devices

The insertion of implanted venous access systems for children undergoing prolonged courses of chemotherapy has become a common procedure in pediatric surgical oncology. While not permanently implanted, the devices are expected to remain functional until cure of the primary disease is assured. Despite careful patient selection and standardised insertion and access techniques, some devices fail. The most commonly encountered problems are colonisation of the device with bacteria and catheter occlusion. Both of these difficulties relate to the development of a biofilm within the port and catheter. The morphology and evolution of biofilms in indwelling vascular catheters is the subject of ongoing investigation. To date, however, such investigations have been confined to the examination of fragments of biofilm scraped or sonicated from sections of catheter. This report describes a novel method for the extraction of intact biofilms from indwelling catheters.15 children with Wilm’s tumour and who had received venous implants were studied. Catheters were removed because of infection (n=6) or electively at the end of chemotherapy.

Longitudinal Changes in Individual BrainAGE in Healthy Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s Disease

GeroPsych ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Franke ◽  
Christian Gaser
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Brain

We recently proposed a novel method that aggregates the multidimensional aging pattern across the brain to a single value. This method proved to provide stable and reliable estimates of brain aging – even across different scanners. While investigating longitudinal changes in BrainAGE in about 400 elderly subjects, we discovered that patients with Alzheimer’s disease and subjects who had converted to AD within 3 years showed accelerated brain atrophy by +6 years at baseline. An additional increase in BrainAGE accumulated to a score of about +9 years during follow-up. Accelerated brain aging was related to prospective cognitive decline and disease severity. In conclusion, the BrainAGE framework indicates discrepancies in brain aging and could thus serve as an indicator for cognitive functioning in the future.

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