Fit of Responses to the Model I—Item Characteristic Curve and Chi-Square Tests of Fit

2019 ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
David Andrich ◽  
Ida Marais
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Item Characteristic Curve ◽  
Tests Of Fit ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Comparison of Procedures for Detecting test-Item Bias with both Internal and External Ability Criteria

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorrie Shepard ◽  
Gregory Camilli ◽  
Marilyn Averill
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Item Bias ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
External Criterion ◽  
Correlation Matrices ◽  
Differential Validity ◽  
Item Characteristic Curve ◽  
Internal Bias

Test bias is conceptualized as differential validity. Statistical techniques for detecting biased items work by identifying items that may be measuring different things for different groups; they identify deviant or anomalous items in the context of other items. The conceptual basis and technical soundness were reviewed for the following item bias methods: transformed item difficulties, item discriminations, one- and three-parameter item characteristic curve methods, and chi-square methods. Sixteen bias indices representing these approaches were computed for black-white and Chicano-white comparisons on both the verbal and nonverbal Lorge-Thorndike Intelligence Tests. In addition, bias indices were recomputed for the Lorge-Thorndike tests using an external criterion. Convergent validity among bias methods was examined in correlation matrices, by factor analysis of the method correlations, and by ratios of agreements in the items found to be “most biased” by each method. Although evidence of convergent validity was found, there will still be important practical differences in the items identified as biased by different methods. The signed full chi-square procedure may be an acceptable substitute for the theoretically preferred but more costly three-parameter signed indices. The external criterion results also reflect on the validity of the methods; arguments were advanced, however, as to why internal bias methods should not be thought of as proxies for a predictive validity model of unbiasedness.

scholarly journals Chi-Square Tests of Fit for Type II Censored Data

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Mihalko ◽  
David S. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Censored Data ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Type Ii Censored Data ◽  
Tests Of Fit ◽  
Chi Square Tests

scholarly journals What are the Most Widely Used and Effective Attack Coverage Systems in Men’s Volleyball?

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Raúl Hileno ◽  
Antonio García-de-Alcaraz ◽  
Bernat Buscà ◽  
Cristòfol Salas ◽  
Oleguer Camerino
Keyword(s):  
Mean Difference ◽  
First Line ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Residuals Analysis ◽  
Specific Position ◽  
Pan American ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tests For Independence ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Abstract In volleyball, attack coverage is one of the play actions most neglected in coaching and research. The purpose of this study was to find out which attack coverage systems are used by high-level men’s teams in different game situations and the characteristics of the most effective systems. We analysed 15 matches from the 2010 Men’s Pan-American Volleyball Cup, with a total of 1,415 coverage actions. Chi-square tests for independence, adjusted residuals analysis and calculations of standardised mean difference were performed. The results show that high-level men’s volleyball uses many coverage systems other than the traditional 3-2-0 and 2-3-0. At this level of play, the most frequent systems were 1-3-1 and 1-2-2, which occurred significantly often at the culmination of a third-tempo attack at the wing. The most effective systems consisted of three coverage lines, with fewer than five players covering the spiker and at least one player in the first coverage line, in both the attack and counterattack phases. Given the large number of coverage systems identified in different game situations, we recommend flexible, loosely structured training in these systems, based on a set of guiding principles that all players on a team must internalise for the specific position they are playing. Regarding the systems’ efficacy, the main watchword is that on each coverage line there should always be at least one player, but the first line should not be exposed.

scholarly journals Haemoconcentration as a predictor of severity in acute pancreatitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Tanka Prasad Bohara ◽  
Dimindra Karki ◽  
Anuj Parajuli ◽  
Shail Rupakheti ◽  
Mukund Raj Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve ◽  
First Episode ◽  
P Value ◽  
Receiver Operator Characteristic ◽  
Chi Square

Background: Acute pancreatitis is usually a mild and self-limiting disease. About 25 % of patients have severe episode with mortality up to 30%. Early identification of these patients has potential advantages of aggressive treatment at intensive care unit or transfer to higher centre. Several scoring systems are available to predict severity of acute pancreatitis but are cumbersome, take 24 to 48 hours and are dependent on tests that are not universally available. Haematocrit has been used as a predictor of severity of acute pancreatitis but some have doubted its role.Objectives: To study the significance of haematocrit in prediction of severity of acute pancreatitis.Methods: Patients admitted with first episode of acute pancreatitis from February 2014 to July 2014 were included. Haematocrit at admission and 24 hours of admission were compared with severity of acute pancreatitis. Mean, analysis of variance, chi square, pearson correlation and receiver operator characteristic curve were used for statistical analysis.Results: Thirty one patients were included in the study with 16 (51.61%) male and 15 (48.4%) female. Haematocrit at 24 hours of admission was higher in severe acute pancreatitis (P value 0.003). Both haematocrit at admission and at 24 hours had positive correlation with severity of acute pancreatitis (r: 0.387; P value 0.031 and r: 0.584; P value 0.001) respectively.Area under receiver operator characteristic curve for haematocrit at admission and 24 hours were 0.713 (P value 0.175, 95% CI 0.536 - 0.889) and 0.917 (P value 0.008, 95% CI 0.813 – 1.00) respectively.Conclusion: Haematocrit is a simple, cost effective and widely available test and can predict severity of acute pancreatitis.Journal of Kathmandu Medical College, Vol. 4(1) 2015, 3-7

Generational differences in the placement of clitic se in New York City Spanish

2021 ◽  
pp. 136700692110165
Author(s):  
Kevin Martillo Viner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
External Variables ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Finite Verb ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Aims and objectives: This study analyzes the proclitic and enclitic positions of Spanish clitic se (e.g., ella se quería ir / ella quería irse ‘she wanted to go’) across two generations of Spanish speakers in New York City. In an effort to contribute to ongoing research aimed at better understanding Spanish in the US, the following questions are addressed. In syntactic environments that permit variation, does placement of Spanish se differ between the two generations? From the internal variables identified for this study (nonfinite verb type, finite verb, tense of finite verb, grammatical person, use of se, grammatical mood of finite verb, negation), which ones have a statistically significant effect on placement? From the external variables identified for this study (national origin, region, areal origins, sex, age, years in US, socioeconomic class, education, English skill, Spanish skill, general Spanish use), which ones have a statistically significant effect on placement? Design and data: This study is carried out within a variationist-sociolinguistic framework and the sample consists of 50 participants, 25 from the first generation (G1) and 25 from the second (G2). Analysis: Bivariate chi-square tests are performed in order to determine what internal and external variables constrain placement of the dependent variable (clitic se placement). Findings: Generation has a statistically significant effect on placement ( p = .016), wherein proclisis is more frequent amongst the G2 participants. These results corroborate previous research showing an overall preference for proclisis in both monolingual and bilingual/heritage speakers. Further, chi-square tests pinpoint five conditioning effects for G1 (nonfinite verb type, use of se, finite verb, years in US, and English skill), but only two for G2 (use of se and English skill). Originality and implications: The present study is the first to discover strong correlations between the proclitic position and the numerous internal and external variables quantitatively assessed. Future research is thus warranted.

scholarly journals Comparing Motivation-Based and Motivation-Attitude-Based Segmentation of Tourists Visiting Sensitive Destinations

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonjeong Jeong ◽  
Seweryn Zielinski ◽  
Ji-soon Chang ◽  
Seong-il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Lao People’S Democratic Republic ◽  
Lao People's Democratic Republic ◽  
Chi Square Tests

This study aims to compare motivation-based and motivation-attitude-based segmentation of tourist markets, by identifying the heterogeneity of both solutions. A k-means cluster analysis was conducted to segment markets, using the data collected from 722 respondents, via an onsite survey of visitors to the Kuang Si Waterfall and Konglor Cave in Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Subsequently, socio-demographic and trip-related characteristics among the segments were compared using ANOVA and Chi-square tests. Both motivation-based and motivation-attitude-based segmentation each generated four distinctive segments. Although both solutions are viable for segmentation, the latter was found to be more useful in separating segments than the former, as its segments were significantly more distinguishable from each other in terms of socio-demographic and trip-related characteristics. This result contributes to the body of research on the comparison of market segmentation techniques, which is a rarely investigated topic.

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