Tax System and Tax Reforms in Turkey

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Adnan Gerçek ◽  
Feride Bakar Türegün
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax System

scholarly journals Gst in india: a key tax reform

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-228
Author(s):  
SUDHA B ◽  
DHATCHINAMOORTHI P
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reform ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
National Market ◽  
Indirect Taxes

GST is one of the most crucial tax reforms in India which has been longpending. It was supposed to be implemented from April 2010, but due to political issues andconflicting interests of various stakeholders it is still pending. It is a comprehensive taxsystem that will subsume all indirect taxes of states and central governments and unifiedeconomy into a seamless national market. It is expected to iron out wrinkles of existingindirect tax system and play a vital role in growth of India. This paper presents an overviewof GST concept, explains its features along with its timeline of implementation in India. Thepaper is more focused on advantages of GST and challenges faced by India in execution

How fast GST is moving the Indian FMCG sector: Empirical Study

GIS Business ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-349
Author(s):  
Mr. Arun Gautam ◽  
Dr. Gaurav Lodha ◽  
Dr. Rohit Bansal ◽  
Dr.) M.L. Vadera
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Excise Duty ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Beverage Industry ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
The Impact

GST is one of the most critical tax reforms in India which has been long awaiting decision. It is a comprehensive tax system that will subsume all indirect taxes of State and Central Governments and whole economy into seamless nation in national market. GST will be a game changing reform for Indian economy by developing a common Indian market and reducing the combined effect of tax on the cost of goods and services. GST is a consumption based tax imposed on sale, manufacturing and consumption on goods & services at national level. Several taxes such as central excise duty, service tax, central surcharge and cess etc. imposed by Central Government and VAT / sales tax, entertainment tax, octroi & entry tax, purchase tax, luxury tax, taxes on lottery etc. levied by State Governments have been subsumed under GST. The FMCG sector of India composes more than 50 % of the food and beverage industry and another 30 % from personal and household care. Under the proposed GST system, it is expected that it would result in a simpler tax system, especially for industries like FMCG. Under this system, a single product would be taxed at the same rate in every corner of the country meaning that an cooler will be taxed the same in Madhya Pradesh as well as Kerala thus we also refer GST as ONE NATION ONE TAX. This paper will help to present that, what is the impact of GST after its implementation; analyze the influence of GST on FMCG sector.

scholarly journals ON SOME PROBLEM ISSUES RELATED TO LIBERALIZATION OF THE TAX SYSTEM IN GEORGIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1(21)) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Guram Uphlisashvili
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Debt Relief ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Fiscal Discipline ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Positive Assessment

The article looks into the phases of reforming the tax system of Georgia in term of its liberalization. Since the early 2000s, the tax system of Georgia has undergone a significant transformation. There were reduced both the number of taxes and tax rates. Anti-corruption measures were taken, the legal framework was improved, and tax services were changed over to e-services. Tax administration was considerably simplified, but also at the same time was strengthened. The level of fiscal discipline was increased. As a result, despite the seeming release of tax pressure, tax revenues for the treasury were increased manifold. It is clear that success of tax liberalization at this stage of the reform was largely due to the reform of the tax administration system. Higher fines were imposed for violators of tax discipline, which was reflected in severe tightening of tax administration due to the disruption of the corruption environment. A positive link was confirmed between tax liberalization measures and streamlining of the tax administration system in terms of successful tax reform. A number of innovations have been introduced, including: simplified and mostly electronic-automated service procedures, special tax statuses for small and micro entrepreneurs, the so-called "Estonian" model of the taxation of enterprises, the possibility of concluding a tax agreement, a warning mechanism as an alternative to monetary penalties, and so on. It should be noted that over the years, measures to relief, forgive or partially reduce tax debts accumulated in previous periods have become an accompanying and distinctive attribute of the significant ongoing reforms in the tax system. This process has become particularly large-scale since 2015. Just in 2015-2019, more than 68 billion taxpayers owed more than 3.5 billion GEL in terms of both basic taxes and fines. We believe that the unambiguously positive assessment of these large-scale measures for debt relief would not be correct. Of course, such measures relieve the tax administration system of the burden of recovering uncollectible debts. The International Monetary Fund and other donor organizations also require and welcome this. The advantages of this process, as well as related risks and possible threats are being discussed. It is noted that consistent use of such mechanisms leads to long-term negative fiscal consequences, as it undermines tax morality of taxpayers and prevents the introduction of a culture of tax compliance. The tax amnesties, especially if they are recurrent, encourage an anti-competitive environment and generate a sense of unfairness among conscious taxpayers. Destructive expectations are created, which leads to the transformation of the taxpayer behavior model in the wrong direction. These trends are evident in the case of Georgia according to statistical data. We believe that the final result of the tax reforms will depend to a great degree on the ability of the tax administration system and the state in general to prevent the possibility of the new tax amnesties in the future. It is necessary to create the preventive mechanisms that largely exclude possible recurrences of both debt relief of taxable objects and the accumulation of unpaid amounts of taxes.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY OF THE TAX SYSTEM OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12) ◽  
pp. 36-55
Author(s):  
Yuliia KASPEROVYCH ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Systemic Problems

The vast majority of scholars have reached a common vision on the fiscal function performance by taxes, in the predominant – on the regulatory (with a division into incentive and deterrent) and to a large extent – on the controlling function. With the change of political cadence and the beginning of COVID-19 quarantine in Ukraine, a number of important tax reforms were launched to de-shadow the economy and establish fairer taxation, which affected all three tax functions. At the same time, systemic problems regarding the functional capacity of the tax system of Ukraine remain on the agenda. First, the failure of the fiscal function of taxes, which is associated with common schemes of tax avoidance and evasion, namely smuggling and “gray” imports, abuse of the simplified taxation system, wages “in envelopes”, unaccounted cash income without the use of cash registers, the erosion of the tax base in low-tax jurisdictions. Second, the limited potential of the regulatory function of taxes due to the weak effectiveness of existing tax incentives. New tax incentives carry the risks of significant revenue losses in the absence of reliable compensators in the future. Third, low confidence in the control function of taxes due to the weak institutional capacity of tax and customs authorities. Complex tax and customs administration provides ample opportunities for corruption risks. There is no effective system of anticipation and prevention of violations. Given the significant number of problems in the implementation of all major tax functions in Ukraine, relevant strategic goals and objectives are proposed to strengthen the functional capacity of the domestic tax system, which should be the basis for strategizing its development.

scholarly journals Recent impact of gst in india

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-293
Author(s):  
Gomathi N
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Central Government ◽  
National Level ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
National Market ◽  
Indirect Taxes

GST also known as the Goods and Services Tax is defined as the giant indirect taxstructures designed to support and enhance the economic growth of a country. In today‘sscenario to pay various taxes i.e. direct and indirect taxes, which are felt as burden on us anddue to these taxes the corruption is increasing. So, to overcome from all these taxation systemthe Central Government has decided to make one tax system i.e. Goods and Services Tax(GST). GST is one of the most critical tax reforms in India which has been long awaitingdecision. It is a comprehensive tax system that will subsume all indirect taxes of State andcentral Governments and whole economy into seamless nation in national market. It isexpected to remove the burden of existing indirect tax system and play an important role ingrowth of India. GST includes all Indirect Taxes which will help in growth of economy andproves to be more beneficial than the existing tax system. GST will also help to accelerate theoverall Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. The Goods and Services Tax (GST) isa vast concept that simplifies the giant tax structure by supporting and enhancing theeconomic growth of a country. GST is a comprehensive tax levy on manufacturing, sale andconsumption of goods and services at a national level

scholarly journals Rationalizing the Canadian Income Tax System

2019 ◽  
pp. 643-666
Author(s):  
Robin Boadway
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Savings Accounts ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Equity And Efficiency

The Canadian tax system is based on principles informed by the Carter report, and these principles have been challenged as circumstances have changed and ideas about tax policy have evolved. The personal tax system pays only lip service to the comprehensive income tax ideal, and the corporate tax is designed as a complement to a comprehensive tax system that does not exist. Canadian policy makers face the unprecedented challenges of (1) globalization, (2) an economy increasingly based on services and technology, and (3) growing inequality of income, wealth, and opportunity. Modern principles of tax design are reflected in recent tax reform proposals recommended by the Mirrlees review in the United Kingdom. Major tax reforms have been undertaken in other member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Some piecemeal innovations in tax policy have been implemented in Canada, such as registered retirement savings plans, tax-free savings accounts, the goods and services tax/harmonized sales tax, and refundable tax credits, but these measures have not been coordinated. The corporate tax structure has changed only modestly. This paper explores options for feasible reform of the Canadian tax system that might enhance equity and efficiency.

scholarly journals Tax System in India-Evolution and Present Structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ms. Neha Nainwal
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Direct Taxation ◽  
Excise Duty ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Indirect Taxes

<bold>Main findings of the book</bold> The Indian tax system has undergone major structural changes since Independence in 1947. It has become comprehensive and complicated over the years. It has successfully mobilised resources to finance developmental, welfare and administrative activities of public authorities. Besides being the main source of revenue, both for the Central and State Governments, it is an effective instrument to realise various socio-economic objectives of national policies. However, the tax system has been relying heavily on indirect taxes and suffering extensively from fiscal malady called tax evasion. Restructuring of the tax system has constituted a major component of fiscal reforms initiated since 1991. The main focus of the tax reforms has been on simplification and rationalization of both direct and indirect taxes with the objective of augmenting revenues and removing anomalies in the tax structure. Tax reforms in recent years have brought the tax system much closer to international tax practices. Tax reforms are a part of the package to liberalise and globalise the Indian economy. The post-1991 period has witnessed a sharp decline in the rates of income tax, excise duty and customs tariff. The theory that high rates of duty lead to higher revenue collection has been discarded in favour of lower rates with fewer exemptions and concessions. The strategy in respect of direct taxation is to minimise distortions in tax structure by expanding the tax base and moderating tax rates on the one hand and improving the efficiency of tax administration and increasing the deterrence level on the other, so as to encourage voluntary compliance. The strategy in respect of indirect taxes is to move towards a fully integrated goods and services tax (GST).

Top Income Shares and the Difficulties of Using Tax Data

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-152
Author(s):  
Gerald Auten ◽  
David Splinter
Keyword(s):  
Tax Rates ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Effective Tax Rates ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Top Income Shares ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Over Time

This chapter reconsiders income methods of estimating of inequality using US tax data. It presents a new approach that accounts for the effects of important social changes, tax reforms, technical tax issues, and the 40 percent of income missing from tax returns. Results suggest much smaller increases in top 1 percent shares of pre-tax income. After accounting for taxes and transfers, top 1 percent shares changed little since 1962. This resulted from substantial increases in transfers and increased overall progressivity of the tax system. While effective tax rates for the top 1 percent show little trend, they declined for the bottom 50 percent. Rather than stagnating, per capita real incomes of the bottom half of the population increased over time. Rather than increasing and capturing most economic growth, incomes of those starting at the top decreased while those starting with low incomes received most of the growth.

scholarly journals Impact of Goods and Service Tax (GST) on Business and Tax Reforms in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Lavisha Verma
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reform ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Dual Structure ◽  
High Compliance ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Finance Minister ◽  
Indirect Taxes

Goods and Services Tax (GST) comes under Indirect Tax regime covers whole of  India replaced  various indirect taxes levied by the Central and state governments. The GST is governed by GST Council and its Chairman is Union Finance Minister of India “GST is not a tax reform in true sense, but it is a major business reform which will change the way business activities are carried in the country. The dual structure of GST is the fundamental character of our country and therefore a single GST across the country is not possible in true sense under GST ,the taxpayer will be ease the burden  of taxpayers to deal with multiple indirect taxes as under present Indirect system but GST will cost high compliance burden on the taxpayers requiring a registration in every state from where taxable activities are carried out  but it would definitely reduced cumbersome documentation and save time. This research Paper discuss about the biggest step taken in indirect tax system that is GST and challenges in implementation. The paper aims to show that GST is a merely a Business reform, not a uniform tax system.

scholarly journals Process Model of the Economic Efficiency of the Financial Administration of an EU Member State

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kot ◽  
Ján Dobrovič
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Questionnaire Method

The current reform of Slovakia’s tax system is a part of the country’s comprehensive tax and levies reform. The reform should contribute to improving and making public finances more efficient. However, its implementation in practice is problematic due to the attitudes and problems of both the professional public and business entities. The aim of this contribution is to help students and business entities to understand the tax system reforms. The contribution is based on information from the main actors of the tax reforms. The data were obtained during 3 months (2019 – 2020) using the questionnaire method. These were processed using basic statistical methods of the descriptive type, followed by an analysis of the principal factors and factor analysis. The factor analysis was crucial for our contribution because it identified 5 significant indicators with regards to the assessment of the reforms and the functioning of the tax system. Subsequently, a correspondence analysis was conducted of the factor “Electronisation/computerisation – greater user comfort” to find out the differences in the perception hereof among the respondents. The contribution therefore provides a new perspective on the evaluation and functioning of the reforms of the Financial Administration’s management system in the Slovak Republic. Within the framework of the research into this matter, and with a view to increasing the efficiency of the system globally, we also looked at the existing functional organizational structures and tax administration systems in Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic and Slovenia. On the basis of trend analysis, we can assume that the upcoming reform of the Tax and Customs Administrations will significantly contribute to the increasing efficiency of the system and to the positive perception of taxes, which are currently viewed as a socially unpopular obligation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document