Shape Diffeomorphometry of Brain Structures in Neurodegeneration and Neurodevelopment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
J. Tilak Ratnanather ◽  
Chin-Fu Liu ◽  
Michael I. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structures

The Reaction of Brain Structures with OsO4-Zinc-Iodide Stain

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 272-273
Author(s):  
Werner J. Niklowitz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Hippocampal Tissue ◽  
Zinc Iodide

After intoxication of rabbits with certain substances such as convulsant agents (3-acetylpyridine), centrally acting drugs (reserpine), or toxic metal compounds (tetraethyl lead) a significant observation by phase microscope is the loss of contrast of the hippocampal mossy fiber layer. It has been suggested that this alteration, as well as changes seen with the electron microscope in the hippocampal mossy fiber boutons, may be related to a loss of neurotransmitters. The purpose of these experiments was to apply the OsO4-zinc-iodide staining technique to the study of these structural changes since it has been suggested that OsO4-zinc-iodide stain reacts with neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, catecholamines).Domestic New Zealand rabbits (2.5 to 3 kg) were used. Hippocampal tissue was removed from normal and experimental animals treated with 3-acetylpyridine (antimetabolite of nicotinamide), reserpine (anti- hypertensive/tranquilizer), or iproniazid (antidepressant/monamine oxidase inhibitor). After fixation in glutaraldehyde hippocampal tissue was treated with OsO4-zinc-iodide stain and further processed for phase and electron microscope studies.

The role of serotoninergic brain structures in neurotensin influence mechanism on defensive behavior in rats

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Shugalev ◽  
A. V. Stavrovskaja ◽  
S. Olshanskij ◽  
G. Hartmann ◽  
L. Lenard
Keyword(s):  
Defensive Behavior ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Influence Mechanism

Leptin-substitution in patients with congenital lipodystrophy increases connectivity in reward-related brain structures: an fMRI study

2014 ◽  
Vol 122 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Schlögl ◽  
K Müller ◽  
A Horstmann ◽  
B Pleger ◽  
K Miehle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structures ◽  
Fmri Study

Antitumoral and Anticholinesterasic Activities of the Seven Species from Rubiaceae

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla R.F. Volobuff ◽  
Pedro C.O. Junior ◽  
Sidney M. dos Santos ◽  
Zefa V. Pereira ◽  
Diego C. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Antiproliferative Activities ◽  
Mcf 7

Background: The genus Psychotria and Palicourea are reported as a source of alkaloids and iridoids, which exhibit biological activities. This study aimed to evaluate antiproliferative and anticholinesterase activities and quantification of the alkaloids of seven species among the genus found in Mato Grosso do Sul region in Brazil. Methods: Concentrations of alkaloids were measured spectrophotometrically. The extracts were submitted to antiproliferative activity against ten cell lines. The anticholinesterase activity of the extracts was developed using brain structures of male Wistar rats: cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum by the Ellman method. Results: Alkaloids from Psychotria and Palicourea species were quantified which showed values of 47.6 to 21.9 µg/g. Regarding the antiproliferative potential, Palicourea crocea demonstrated selectivity against the 786-0 cell line (GI50: 22.87 µg/mL). Psychotria leiocarpa inhibited cell growth against OVCAR-3 (GI50: 3.28 µg/mL), K-562 (GI50: 5.26 µg/mL), HaCaT (GI50: 27.20 µg/mL), PC-3 (GI50: 34.92 µg/mL), MCF-7 (GI50: 35.80 µg/mL) and P. capillacea showed activity against OVCAR-3 (GI50: 2.33 µg/ml) and U251 (GI50: 16.66 µg/ml). The effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibition was more effective in the hippocampus, demonstrating inhibition for Paliourea crocea, Psychotria deflexa, P. brachybotrya and P. leiocarpa of 70%, 57%, 50% and 40%, respectively, followed by P. poeppigiana and P. capillacea, inhibiting 21%, compared to the control. Conclusion: Herein, the present work showed for the first time, anticholinesterasic and antiproliferative activities of extracts of Palicourea and Psychotria seem to be mainly associated with the levels of alkaloids in the leaves of these species.

Effect of Prenatal Hypoxia on Activity of the Soluble Forms of Cholinesterases in Rat Brain Structures during Early Postnatal Ontogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-540
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Morozova ◽  
A. V. Arutyunyan ◽  
P. Yu. Morozova ◽  
L. S. Kozina ◽  
I. A. Zhuravin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Prenatal Hypoxia ◽  
Postnatal Ontogenesis ◽  
Early Postnatal Ontogenesis

scholarly journals Your Brain Is Not an Onion With a Tiny Reptile Inside

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
Joseph Cesario ◽  
David J. Johnson ◽  
Heather L. Eisthen
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Introductory Psychology ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Accurate Model ◽  
Nervous System Evolution ◽  
Neural Evolution ◽  
Human Brains ◽  
Unanimous Agreement

A widespread misconception in much of psychology is that (a) as vertebrate animals evolved, “newer” brain structures were added over existing “older” brain structures, and (b) these newer, more complex structures endowed animals with newer and more complex psychological functions, behavioral flexibility, and language. This belief, although widely shared in introductory psychology textbooks, has long been discredited among neurobiologists and stands in contrast to the clear and unanimous agreement on these issues among those studying nervous-system evolution. We bring psychologists up to date on this issue by describing the more accurate model of neural evolution, and we provide examples of how this inaccurate view may have impeded progress in psychology. We urge psychologists to abandon this mistaken view of human brains.

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