Agroecological Management of Stem Borers for Healthy Seed Production in Sugarcane

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-77
Author(s):  
Amin Nikpay ◽  
Guadalupe Vejar-Cota ◽  
Florencia Budeguer ◽  
Zhen-Qiang Qin ◽  
María Francisca Perera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Stem Borers ◽  
Healthy Seed

Marsh spot of peas: a manganese deficiency disease

1941 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Piper
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Manganese Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Disease ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Marsh Spot ◽  
Partial Deficiency ◽  
Healthy Seed

By growing peas in water cultures with carefully regulated amounts of manganese, the effects of a deficiency of this element have been studied.Complete absence of manganese produces a mottling of the younger leaves and death of the growing tip as previously reported. The plant does not reach the flowering stage.Small amounts of manganese, insufficient for normal requirements, enable increased growth and seed formation. The seeds show marsh spot lesions, the severity of the lesions being greater at the lower manganese concentrations.Normal growth and sound seed are produced when sufficient manganese is present in the nutrient solution.Marsh spot results from a partial deficiency of manganese, the amount available to the plant being sufficient for its normal vegetative requirements but not for healthy seed production.

scholarly journals Cultivation method for revitalized potato material in the system of original seed production

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
S A Buldakov ◽  
N A Shakleina ◽  
L P Plekhanova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
To Come ◽  
Chloride Treatment ◽  
Modern Breeding ◽  
Healthy Seed

Abstract To arrange a system of virus-free potato seed production in the Sakhalin region, a series of studies undertaken to come up with a method towards potato material cultivation in film-gauze greenhouses. At the initial stage, the key agrotechnical methods were developed for growing test-tube microplants, including optimal planting plans – 70×15 cm (the highest yield derived from a standard mini-tuber fraction pcs/m2), 70×30 cm (for clone selection); spraying with insecticides (Aktellik – 3 l/ha, Rogor – 2 l/ha) and fungicides (Ridomil – 1 kg/ha, Tsineb – 2.4 kg/ha) to combat agents transmitting viral and fungal infections; chlorocholine chloride treatment (1.1%) to reduce the growth of the vegetative mass; serological analysis of plants for latent infection with viruses X, Y, S, M, F; burning tops with Reglon (2 l/ha) 2 weeks before harvesting. A set of agrotechnical methods used for producing healthy seed tubers on the Timiryazevskoye seed farm made it possible to reduce the elite cultivation cycle from 5 to 4 years, increase the yield by 57.2%, and reduce the production cost by 43.5%. Subsequently, the methods worked out for producing potato seeds were improved based on modern breeding varieties and phytoregulators (Azolen, Elena, Extrasol, Epin-Extra, Zircon) in spray mixtures with the fungicide Shirlan, contributing to an increased yield up to 34% and efficiency of a standard seed fraction up to 33%. Under production conditions, this method provided a conditionally net income of 450-700 thousand rubles/ha.

scholarly journals Leaf damage has weak effects on growth and fecundity of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Andrew M. MacDonald ◽  
Peter M. Kotanen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Stem Borers ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Very High ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

The Enemy Release Hypothesis predicts that exotic plants gain an advantage over native competitors by losing their natural enemies while invading new regions. However, this assumes that those enemies reduced the performance of these invaders in their native ranges, and this may not be true if an invader is highly tolerant of herbivory. We used a field experiment to test the herbivore tolerance of a North American annual, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), which is known to have lost insect herbivores while invading Europe. We clipped leaves to simulate damage by folivores and removed meristems to simulate apical mortality caused by stem borers, and measured the consequences for growth and reproduction. Stem biomass was only reduced by defoliation far in excess of native-range natural damage, while seed production was unaffected by our treatments. Severely damaged plants maintained seed production by allocating relatively more aboveground biomass to reproduction. These results suggest that for the most part, damage by natural enemies may have little impact on this highly tolerant plant; consequently, enemy release may not have provided a significant advantage to this species in Europe. As well, biological control by insect folivores is unlikely to succeed unless it results in very high levels of damage.

scholarly journals Cassava mosaic disease and its management in Southeast Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaka Uke ◽  
Hiroki Tokunaga ◽  
Yoshinori Utsumi ◽  
Nguyen Anh Vu ◽  
Pham Thi Nhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Disease ◽  
Tropical Agriculture ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Healthy Seed

Abstract Key message Status of the current outbreak of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) in Southeast Asia was reviewed. Healthy cassava seed production and dissemination systems have been established in Vietnam and Cambodia, along with integrated disease and pest management systems, to combat the outbreak. Abstract Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important edible crops in tropical and subtropical regions. Recently, invasive insect pests and diseases have resulted in serious losses to cassava in Southeast Asia. In this review we discuss the current outbreak of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) caused by the Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) in Southeast Asia, and summarize similarities between SLCMV and other cassava mosaic begomoviruses. A SATREPS (Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development) project “Development and dissemination of sustainable production systems based on invasive pest management of cassava in Vietnam, Cambodia and Thailand”, was launched in 2016, which has been funded by The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and The Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Japan. The objectives of SATREPS were to establish healthy seed production and dissemination systems for cassava in south Vietnam and Cambodia, and to develop management systems for plant diseases and insect pests of cassava. To achieve these goals, model systems of healthy seed production in Vietnam and Cambodia have been developed incorporating CMD-resistant planting materials through international networks with The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA).

Some insects affecting Penstemon seed production

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
R. Hammon ◽  
M. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production

PRIMING AS THE FACTOR OF INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY SEED PRODUCTION OF BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zolotarev
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Characteristic Property ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Field Germination

A characteristic property of legumes is the formation of hard-stone seeds. To use such seeds for sowing, it is necessary to carry out measures to increase their seeding indicators. The article provides an overview of methods of pre-sowing preparation of seeds, priming (Seed Priming). The harvest of Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) can contain up to 90% or more hard-stone seeds. Mechanical priming of hard-stone seeds of Birdsfoot trefoil increases their germination energy and field germination.

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