Mining of Cancerous Region from Brain MRI Slices with Otsu’s Function and DRLS Segmentation

Image segmentation is a very crucial step in medical image analysis which is the first and the most important task in many clinical interventions. The authors propose in this paper to apply the variable neighborhood search (VNS) metaheuristic on the problem of brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) segmentation. In fact, by reviewing the literature, they notice that when the number of classes increases the computational time of the exhaustive methods grows exponentially with the number of required classes. That's why they exploit the VNS algorithm to optimize two maximizing thresholding functions which are the between-class variance (the Otsu's function) and the entropy thresholding (the Kapur's function). Thus, two versions of the VNS metaheuristic are respectively obtained: the VNS-Otsu and the VNS-Kapur. These two novel proposed thresholding methods are tested on a set of benchmark brain MRI to show their robustness and proficiency.

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USEFULNESS OF BRAIN MRI IN DIAGNOSIS OF NBIA IN PKAN AND NON-PKAN PATIENTS

Neuropediatrics ◽

10.1055/s-2006-945818 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 37 (S 1) ◽

Author(s):

T Kmiec ◽

E Jurkiewicz ◽

S Jozwiak ◽

I Pakula-Kosciesza ◽

M Ebhart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Mri

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Diagnostic yield of lateral decubitus digital subtraction myelogram for assessment of CSF leaks with stratification by brain MRI scoring

10.26226/morressier.5e8335ba7cb08a046ef7c7f2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dong Kun Kim

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Yield ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Digital Subtraction ◽

Lateral Decubitus ◽

Csf Leaks

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Brain MRI-findings in Ph - negative myeloproliferative disorders

Terapevticheskii arkhiv ◽

10.26442/00403660.2019.07.000329 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 91 (7) ◽

pp. 29-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M M Tanashyan ◽

A L Melikyan ◽

P I Kuznetsova ◽

A A Raskurazhev ◽

A A Shabalina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Sinus Thrombosis ◽

Cerebral Arteries ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Cerebral Lesions ◽

Cerebrovascular Pathology ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) are accompanied by a high proportion of thrombotic complications, which may lead to cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Aim. To describe MRI-findings in patients with Ph - negative MPD and evaluate any cerebrovascular disease. Materials and methods. We included 104 patients with Ph - negative MPD (age varied between 20 and 58) with clinical correlates of cerebrovascular pathology. Results. Brain MRI showed post - stroke lesions in 20% of patients (7 hemispheric infarcts due to thrombotic occlusion of one of the large cerebral arteries, 14 - cortical infarcts). 37 patients (36%) had vascular cerebral lesions. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis occurred in 5 patients - in 7% (n=3) of patients with polycythemia vera and 5% (n=2) - in patients with essential thrombocythemia. The incidence of vascular cerebral lesions was associated with higher levels of the following: erythrocyte, platelet count, fibrinogen, and with the decrease in fibrinolytic activity, as well. Conclusion. The pioneering results of the study include the description and analysis of brain MRI-findings in patients with Ph - negative MPD. The underlying mechanisms of cerebrovascular pathology in these patients are associated with certain blood alterations (particularly, hemorheology) which present a major risk factor.

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Segmentation Of Brain MRI Images For Tumor Detection By Optimizing C-Means Clustering Method

i-manager’s Journal on Instrumentation and Control Engineering ◽

10.26634/jic.1.3.2352 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 14-21

Author(s):

Kailash Sinha ◽

◽

G.R. Sinha ◽

Keyword(s):

Brain Mri ◽

Tumor Detection ◽

Clustering Method

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Normal cerebral ventricular volume growth in childhood

Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics ◽

10.3171/2020.5.peds20178 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 517-524

Author(s):

Noah S. Cutler ◽

Sudharsan Srinivasan ◽

Bryan L. Aaron ◽

Sharath Kumar Anand ◽

Michael S. Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Mri ◽

Volume Growth ◽

Ventricular Volume ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Diagnostic Process ◽

Growth Charts ◽

Normal Brain ◽

Mr Images ◽

Ventricular Volumes ◽

Brain Mr Images

OBJECTIVENormal percentile growth charts for head circumference, length, and weight are well-established tools for clinicians to detect abnormal growth patterns. Currently, no standard exists for evaluating normal size or growth of cerebral ventricular volume. The current standard practice relies on clinical experience for a subjective assessment of cerebral ventricular size to determine whether a patient is outside the normal volume range. An improved definition of normal ventricular volumes would facilitate a more data-driven diagnostic process. The authors sought to develop a growth curve of cerebral ventricular volumes using a large number of normal pediatric brain MR images.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective analysis of patients aged 0 to 18 years, who were evaluated at their institution between 2009 and 2016 with brain MRI performed for headaches, convulsions, or head injury. Patients were excluded for diagnoses of hydrocephalus, congenital brain malformations, intracranial hemorrhage, meningitis, or intracranial mass lesions established at any time during a 3- to 10-year follow-up. The volume of the cerebral ventricles for each T2-weighted MRI sequence was calculated with a custom semiautomated segmentation program written in MATLAB. Normal percentile curves were calculated using the lambda-mu-sigma smoothing method.RESULTSVentricular volume was calculated for 687 normal brain MR images obtained in 617 different patients. A chart with standardized growth curves was developed from this set of normal ventricular volumes representing the 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles. The charted data were binned by age at scan date by 3-month intervals for ages 0–1 year, 6-month intervals for ages 1–3 years, and 12-month intervals for ages 3–18 years. Additional percentile values were calculated for boys only and girls only.CONCLUSIONSThe authors developed centile estimation growth charts of normal 3D ventricular volumes measured on brain MRI for pediatric patients. These charts may serve as a quantitative clinical reference to help discern normal variance from pathologic ventriculomegaly.

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Long-term seizure outcomes after pediatric temporal lobectomy: does brain MRI lesion matter?

Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics ◽

10.3171/2019.4.peds18677 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 200-208

Author(s):

Ravindra Arya ◽

Francesco T. Mangano ◽

Paul S. Horn ◽

Sabrina K. Kaul ◽

Serena K. Kaul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Temporal Lobectomy ◽

Seizure Freedom ◽

Seizure Onset

OBJECTIVEThere is emerging data that adults with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) without a discrete lesion on brain MRI have surgical outcomes comparable to those with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). However, pediatric TLE is different from its adult counterpart. In this study, the authors investigated if the presence of a potentially epileptogenic lesion on presurgical brain MRI influences the long-term seizure outcomes after pediatric temporal lobectomy.METHODSChildren who underwent temporal lobectomy between 2007 and 2015 and had at least 1 year of seizure outcomes data were identified. These were classified into lesional and MRI-negative groups based on whether an epilepsy-protocol brain MRI showed a lesion sufficiently specific to guide surgical decisions. These patients were also categorized into pure TLE and temporal plus epilepsies based on the neurophysiological localization of the seizure-onset zone. Seizure outcomes at each follow-up visit were incorporated into a repeated-measures generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with MRI status as a grouping variable. Clinical variables were incorporated into GLMM as covariates.RESULTSOne hundred nine patients (44 females) were included, aged 5 to 21 years, and were classified as lesional (73%), MRI negative (27%), pure TLE (56%), and temporal plus (44%). After a mean follow-up of 3.2 years (range 1.2–8.8 years), 66% of the patients were seizure free for ≥ 1 year at last follow-up. GLMM analysis revealed that lesional patients were more likely to be seizure free over the long term compared to MRI-negative patients for the overall cohort (OR 2.58, p < 0.0001) and for temporal plus epilepsies (OR 1.85, p = 0.0052). The effect of MRI lesion was not significant for pure TLE (OR 2.64, p = 0.0635). Concordance of ictal electroencephalography (OR 3.46, p < 0.0001), magnetoencephalography (OR 4.26, p < 0.0001), and later age of seizure onset (OR 1.05, p = 0.0091) were associated with a higher likelihood of seizure freedom. The most common histological findings included cortical dysplasia types 1B and 2A, HS (40% with dual pathology), and tuberous sclerosis.CONCLUSIONSA lesion on presurgical brain MRI is an important determinant of long-term seizure freedom after pediatric temporal lobectomy. Pediatric TLE is heterogeneous regarding etiologies and organization of seizure-onset zones with many patients qualifying for temporal plus nosology. The presence of an MRI lesion determined seizure outcomes in patients with temporal plus epilepsies. However, pure TLE had comparable surgical seizure outcomes for lesional and MRI-negative groups.

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