The Vulnerability of Human Population to Landslide Disaster: A Case Study of Sikkim Himalayas

2022 ◽  
pp. 319-333
Author(s):  
Harjeet Kaur ◽  
Raju Sarkar ◽  
Srimanta Gupta ◽  
Surya Parkash ◽  
Raju Thapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Landslide Disaster

Non-linear interactions of urban and freshwater systems: Exploring implications for sustainability and water planning and management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Angarita ◽  
Vishal Mehta ◽  
Efraín Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Freshwater Systems ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Freshwater System

<p>Human population is progressing into a predominantly urban configuration. Currently, 3.5 billion people – 55% of the total human population – live in urban areas, with an increase to 6.68 billion (68%) projected by 2050. In this progressively more populated world, a central issue of sustainability assessments is understanding the role of cities as entities that, despite their comparatively small physical footprint (less than 0.5% of the global area) demand resources at regional and global scales.</p><p>Many of the resources that sustain urban population directly depend on the freshwater system: from direct fluxes from/to the immediate environment of cities for water supply or waste elimination, to water-dependent activities like biomass (food, biofuels, fibers) and energy production. Urban and freshwater system interactions are subject to multiple sources of non-linearity. Factors like the patterns of size or spatial distribution and interconnection of groups of cities; or the nested and hierarchical character of freshwater systems, can vastly influence the amount of resources required to sustain and grow urban population; likewise, equivalent resource demands can be met through different management strategies that vary substantially in their cumulative pressure exerted on the freshwater system.</p><p>Here we explore the non-linear character of those interactions, to i. identify water management options to avoid, minimize or offset regional impacts of growing urban populations, and ii. explore long term implications of such non-linearities in sustained resource base of urban areas. We propose a framework integrating three elements: 1. properties of the size and spatial distribution of urban center sizes, 2. scaling regime of urban energy resource dependencies, and 3. scaling regime of associated physical and ecological impacts in freshwater systems.</p><p>An example of this approach is presented in a case study in the Magdalena River Basin – MRB (Colombia). The basin covers nearly one quarter of Colombia’s national territory and provides sustenance to 36 million people, with three quarters of basin inhabitants living in medium to large urban settlements of populations of 12 000 or more inhabitants and 50% concentrated in the 15 largest cities. The case study results indicate that freshwater-mediated resource dependencies of urban population are described by a linear or super-linear regime that indicates a lack of scale economies, however, freshwater systems’ capacity to assimilate those resource demands is characterized by a sublinear regime. As a result, current practices and technological approaches to couple freshwater and urban systems will not be able to withstand the resource demands of mid-term future population scenarios.  Our approach allows to quantify the projected gaps to achieve a sustained resource base for urban systems in MRB.</p>

scholarly journals SIR-SI Mathematical Model for Zika Virus Progression Dynamics in India: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (02) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Surendra Kumar Sagar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Biting Rate ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Indian Scenario

Viral diseases are very hazardous for humanity because in the case of most viral diseases, drugs are not effective. At present, the whole world is living with the fear of COVID-19. From time to time, several viral diseases have been troubling human life. In this article, we have tried to capture the progression dynamics of Zika Virus (ZIKV) infection in the Indian scenario. A constructed model is based on compartment modelling. In the model, Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) structure is used for the human population and Susceptible-Infected (SI) structure is used for mosquito population. The value of the basic reproduction number (R0) is computed 0.36 at baseline values of parameters involved in the model. The lower value of R0 suggests that infection was unable to spread in the human population. Sensitive analysis for R0 revealed that the most accountable parameter in the spread of infection was mosquito biting rate. The modelling technique might be useful for other diseases also.

scholarly journals Estimation and Optimal Control of the Multiscale Dynamics of Covid-19: A Case Study From Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jaures FOTSA MBOGNE ◽  
Stéphane Yanick TCHOUMI ◽  
Yannick KOUAKEP TCHAPTCHIE ◽  
Vivient Corneille KAMLA ◽  
Jean Claude KAMGANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Multiscale Dynamics ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Human Density

Abstract This work aims at a better understanding and the optimal control of the spread of the new severe acute respiratory corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We first propose a multi-scale model giving insights on the virus population dynamics, the transmission process and the infection mechanism. We consider 10 compartments in the human population in order to take into accounts the effects of different specific mitigation policies. The population of viruses is also partitioned into 10 compartments corresponding respectively to each of the first nine human population compartments and the free viruses available in the environment. We show the global stability of the disease free equilibrium if a given threshold T0 is less or equal to 1 and we provide how to compute the basic reproduction number R0. A convergence index T1 is also defined in order to estimate the speed at which the disease extincts and an upper bound to the time of extinction is given. The existence of the endemic equilibrium is conditional and its description is provided. We evaluate the sensitivity of R0, T0 and T1 to control parameters such as the maximal human density allowed per unit of surface, the rate of disinfection both for people and environment, the mobility probability, the wearing mask probability or efficiency, and the human to human contact rate which results from the previous one. According to a functional cost taking into consideration economic impacts of SARS-CoV-2, we determine and discuss optimal fighting strategies. The study is applied to available data from Cameroon.

Objectifying Anxieties: Scientific Ideologies in Bram Stoker’s Dracula and The Lair of the White Worm

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Long Hoeveler
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
French Translation ◽  
Brain Science ◽  
Human Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Deviancy ◽  
Gothic Novels ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Twentieth Century Europe ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Scientific ideologies swirl throughout Stoker’s two most gothic novels, Dracula (1897) and The Lair of the White Worm (1911), and this essay will address those ideologies as literary manifestations of just some of the “weird science” that was permeating late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century Europe. Specifically, the essay examines racial theories, physiognomy, criminology, brain science, and sexology as they appear in Stoker’s two novels. Stoker owned a copy Johann Caspar Lavater’s five-volume edition of Essays on Physiognomy (1789), and declared himself to be a “believer of the science” of physiognomy. The second major “weird science” infecting the gothic works of Stoker is the new field of criminology, or the bourgeois attempt to codify, control, and exterminate criminal elements in the human population. Stoker drew on both Havelock Ellis’s The Criminal, published in 1890, and the Italian Cesare Lombroso’s work, Uomo Delinquente (1876), a book that was available to Stoker in a two volume French translation published as L’Homme Criminel (1895). Stoker derived a number of his passages about the workings of the brain from the theories of the well-known professor of physiology, W. B. Carpenter, founder of the notion of “unconscious cerebration,” a concept developed in his book Principles of Mental Physiology (1874). Finally, Richard von Krafft-Ebing published his pioneering text on sexuality in 1886, Psychopathia Sexualis, with Special Reference to Contrary Sexual Instinct: A Medico-Legal Study, and invented the scientific study of sex. Of a piece with criminology, sexology attempted to categorize and medicalize human behaviors in such a way that all would become clear to the informed and enlightened bourgeois consciousness. As another weirdly scientific effort to “discipline and punish,” sexology sought to transform crime into perversion, and the man or woman suffering from vampiric tendencies became just another case study of sexual deviancy.

scholarly journals Development of Prezzi Media in Landslide Disaster Mitigation Learning in Indonesia (Case Study at SMA Xavarius in Bukittinggi)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Tiara Suci Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Trial Test ◽  
Presentation Media ◽  
Landslide Disaster

The purpose of this research and development was to develop Prezi presentation media in the learning of landslide disaster mitigation that was feasible to be used in the learning process and to know the effectiveness of media at class X SMA Xavarius in Bukittinggi. This research model used to research and development based on Borg and Gall (1983) development model. The steps used include: 1) initial needs analysis, 2) product development, 3) expert validation, 4) product revision I, 5) field trials, 6) product revisions II, and 7) final product. The result of this research shows that Prezi media in learning landslide disaster mitigation was valid / proper to be used, proved by scoring by media expert 96,84% (valid/worth using); material experts of 89.00% (valid / worth using); student trial test score of 89.53% (valid / worth using); and teacher user experiments of 86.89% (valid / worth using). Suggested of this research for subsequent development are developing Prezi media with other materials and using the 2013 curriculum

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