Indications of topographically-induced eddies in stratified flow during a severe air pollution event

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Tapp
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Stratified Flow ◽  
Pollution Event

Indoor/outdoor interactions during an air pollution event in Central London

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Field ◽  
J.L. Phillips ◽  
M.E. Goldstone ◽  
J.N. Lester ◽  
R. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Event

scholarly journals Arctic smoke – aerosol characteristics during a record air pollution event in the European Arctic and its radiative impact

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2275-2324 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Treffeisen ◽  
P. Turnved ◽  
J. Ström ◽  
A. Herber ◽  
J. Bareiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Aerosol Size Distribution ◽  
Geometric Standard Deviation ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Pollution Event

Abstract. In early May 2006 a record high air pollution event was observed at Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen. An atypical weather pattern established a pathway for the rapid transport of biomass burning aerosols from agricultural fires in Eastern Europe to the Arctic. Atmospheric stability was such that the smoke was constrained to low levels, within 2 km of the surface during the transport. A description of this smoke event in terms of transport and main aerosol characteristics can be found in Stohl et al. (2007). This study puts emphasis on the radiative effect of the smoke. The aerosol size distribution was characterized as having an accumulation mode centered at 165–185 nm and almost 1.6 for geometric standard deviation of the mode. Nucleation and small Aitken mode particles were almost completely suppressed within the smoke plume measured at Ny-Ålesund. Chemical and microphysical aerosol information obtained at Mt. Zeppelin (474 m.a.s.l) was used to derive input parameters for a one-dimensional radiation transfer model to explore the radiative effects of the smoke. The daily mean heating rate calculated on 2 May 2006 for the average size distribution and measured chemical composition reached 0.55 K day−1 at 0.5 km altitude for the assumed external mixture of the aerosols but showing much higher heating rates for an internal mixture (1.7 K day−1). In comparison a case study for March 2000 showed that the local climatic effects due to Arctic haze, using a regional climate model, HIRHAM, amounts to a maximum of 0.3 K day−1 of heating at 2 km altitude (Treffeisen et al., 2005).

Increase in Medical Emergency Calls and Calls for Central Nervous System Symptoms During a Severe Air Pollution Event, January 2013, Jinan City, China

Epidemiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. S67-S73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangliang Cui ◽  
George A. Conway ◽  
Lan Jin ◽  
Jingwen Zhou ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Emergency Calls ◽  
Pollution Event ◽  
Jinan City

scholarly journals A Severe Air Pollution Event from Field Burning of Agricultural Residues in Beijing, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2525-2536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Lyu ◽  
Carlo Jaeger ◽  
Zhangang Han ◽  
Lianyou Liu ◽  
Peijun Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Pollution Event ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Field Burning

Human Sickness and Mortality Rates in Relation to the Distant Eruption of Volcanic Gases: Rural England and the 1783 Eruption of the Laid Fissure, Iceland

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gilbertson ◽  
Michael Durand
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fissure Eruption ◽  
Volcanic Gases ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
Human Illness ◽  
Pollution Event ◽  
Rural England

Chapter 3 explores an apparent relationship between human mortality in England and exposure to acid volatiles derived from the Laki fissure eruption of 1783. It has long been known that volcanic tephra and gases may be transported great distances (Thórarinsson 1981). Research into their impacts on human health and the environment has typically focused on populations and environments relatively close to the eruption (e.g. Oskarsson 1980, Rose 1977, Thórarinsson 1979). However, recent investigations of documentary sources such as diaries and newspapers have suggested that in particular meteorological situations, and where air masses are stable, profound health and environmental consequences may have occurred in the British Isles and elsewhere in Europe, at great distances from the volcanic source in Iceland (Brayshay and Grattan 1999, Dodgshon et al. 2000, Durand 2000, Durand and Grattan 1999, Grattan 1998 a and b, Grattan and Brayshay 1995, Grattan and Charman 1994, Grattan and Pyatt 1994, 1999, Grattan et al. 1998, Stothers 1996). This chapter presents and examines documentary evidence for human illness, which may have been induced by volcanogenic air pollution, and mortality in several widely dispersed villages in rural England in the late eighteenth century. Burial records for these settlements point to a singular peak in mortality in the summer of 1783, a period that is coincident with the peak concentration of volcanic gases from the Laki fissure in the European environment. The Laki fissure eruption took place between June 1783 and February 1784. It produced large quantities of acid volatiles — approximately ~120 Mt SO2, 6.8 Mt HC1, and 15.1 Mt HF plus H2S and NH3. Of the total compounds emitted, approximately 60% were emitted during the first few months of activity and the majority of these emissions were confined to the troposphere (Sparks et al. 1997,Thordarson et al. 1996, Thordarson and Self 1993). The eruption therefore generated the largest known air pollution event of the last two millennia (Stothers 1996) and, moreover, one that was entirely natural in origin. A series of stable high-pressure air masses were stationed over northwest Europe throughout the summer of 1783 (Kington 1988).

Characterization of gaseous and particulate phase organic compounds during a winter-time air pollution event

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Kammer ◽  
Niall O’Sullivan ◽  
Elena Gomez Alvarez ◽  
Stig Hellebust ◽  
John Wenger
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Particulate Phase ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Pollution Event

<p><strong> Abstract</strong></p><p>Atmospheric particles are known to cause adverse health effects and premature deaths in European cities. To improve air quality, a detailed understanding of particle sources is thus essential in order to reduce their emissions. Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) produced from the oxidation of volatile organic compounds emitted by anthropogenic sources such as road vehicles and solid fuel combustion is an important air pollution source in urban areas. It is demonstrated that SOA contribute significantly to the atmospheric particle loading, and could even be the major contributor at specific locations. Yet, state of the art models are still not able to reproduce SOA formation despite recent advances. Clearly, further work is needed to improve our understanding of the processes related to SOA formation.</p><p>In this context, a field campaign has been conducted at a monitoring station in Cork City, Ireland during winter 2019 (26<sup>th</sup> January to 8<sup>th</sup> February). The chemical composition of organic compounds in both gas and particle phases was investigated online using a Time-of-Flight Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometer (ToF-CIMS) coupled with a Filter Inlet for Gases and Aerosols (FIGAERO). PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration, ozone and nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>) were also monitored during the campaign, as well as meteorological parameters. Finally, air mass backward trajectories were computed using the HYSPLIT model.</p><p>A strong night-time air pollution event was observed during the field campaign, characterized by PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations up to 180 µg m<sup>-3</sup>. Using iodide as reagent, the FIGAERO-ToF-CIMS detected hundreds of ions simultaneously in gas and particulate phases. Among the identified compounds were a range of well-known atmospheric tracers of solid fuel burning, including phenolic compounds such as guaiacol and catechol, and numerous oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs). A number of nitrated aromatic compounds were also detected. In this work, the gas/particle partitioning of some of these key compounds has been investigated to provide information on phase transfer of solid fuel emissions over time. The thermograms produced by the FIGAERO analysis are also used to determine the volatility of the species detected. Finally, the FIGAERO-ToF-CIMS data is used to explore the extent to which oxidation of the gaseous emissions by the nitrate radical (NO<sub>3</sub>) leads to the formation of nitrated compounds in the particulate phase. This work thus provides unique insights into the night-time oxidation processes that can lead to SOA formation from anthropogenic sources.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong></p><p>This work was supported by the Irish Research Council (GOIPG/2017/1364) and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (EUROCHAMP-2020, grant no. 730997; Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 751527).</p>

scholarly journals Investigation of the Air Pollution Event in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region in December 2016 Using WRF-Chem

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Dongdong Wang ◽  
Baolin Jiang ◽  
Fangzhou Li ◽  
Wenshi Lin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Inversion Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Blocking Effect ◽  
Weather Research And Forecasting ◽  
Atmospheric Flows ◽  
Pollution Event ◽  
Local Emissions

The online coupled weather research and forecasting model with chemistry (WRF-Chem) was used to investigate an air pollution event during December 2016 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. Evaluation indicates that WRF-Chem captured the main weather conditions and pollutant distribution in this event. The primary meteorological drivers of air pollution formation were stationary atmospheric flows in both vertical and horizontal directions. High relative humidity and a strong temperature inversion accelerated event formation. In the shallow temperature inversion layer, aerosol particles were strongly confined near the surface, producing high surface contaminant concentrations. In addition, based on a normal experiment, three sensitivity experiments were constructed by adding hypothetical terrain (HT) of 400, 300, and 200 meters, over the region 115°E, 38.8°N to 117.54°E, 38.8°N. The results indicate that pollutants were diffused and transported below 400 meters, and the pollutant amounts concentrated south of the HT because of the HT blocking effect. Nevertheless, because there were less total contaminants north of the HT in the normal run, there was a slight decrease in pollutants north of the HT. There were some increases in pollution north of the HT because of local emissions, which were obstructed by the HT. The higher the HT, the stronger the blocking effect.

scholarly journals Observational Analyses of Dramatic Developments of A Severe Air Pollution Event in the Beijing Area

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Li ◽  
Jielun Sun ◽  
Mingyu Zhou ◽  
Zhigang Cheng ◽  
Qingchun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Turbulent Mixing ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Beijing Area ◽  
Pollution Event ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Abstract. A rapid development of a severe air pollution event at Beijing, China at the end of November 2015 was investigated with observations collected during the Study of Urban Rainfall and Fog/Haze (SURF-15). The analyses indicate that the major pollution source associated with particulate matter of diameter 2.5 μm (PM2.5) was from south of Beijing. On the night of 29 November, the surface stable boundary layer (SBL) was formed northwest of Beijing due to the northwesterly wind downslope of the mountains surrounding Beijing. This relatively cold and less polluted air also diluted the surface air northwest of Beijing while in the southeast of Beijing, the PM2.5 concentration increased continuously through the transport of the surface southwest flow. Around the midnight, the wind above the SBL switched from northerly to southwesterly and transported the heavy polluted air over Beijing. As the daytime convective turbulent mixing developed in the morning of 30 November, turbulent mixing transported the upper polluted air downward, leading to the dramatic increase of the PM2.5 concentration in the urban area. Meanwhile, the daytime weakly northeast-east surface wind led to the horizontal transport of the high PM2.5 air westwards towards Beijing, which further enhanced the PM2.5 increase at Beijing. As a result of both turbulent mixing and advection with possible aerosol growth from secondary aerosol formation under the low wind and high humidity conditions, the PM2.5 concentration reached over 700 μg m−3 at Beijing by the end of 30 November. Contributions of the two transporting processes to the PM2.5 oscillations prior to this dramatic event were also analyzed.

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