Insect-resistant plants with improved horticultural traits from interspecific potato hybrids grown in vitro

AbstractPigeon pea, a grain legume of the semiarid tropics, is a rich source of high-quality protein. The productivity of this pulse is seriously affected by lepidopteron insect pests. To generate a sustainable insect-resistant plant, synthetically prepared bioactive key constituents of a crystal protein (Syn Cry1Ab) of Bacillus thuringiensis were expressed in pigeon pea under the guidance of a tissue-specific promoter of the RuBP carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit (rbcS) gene. Regenerated transgenic plants with the cry1Ab expression cassette (cry1Ab-lox-bar-lox) showed the optimum insect motility rate (90%) in an in vitro insect bioassay with second instar larvae, signifying the insecticidal potency of Syn Cry1Ab. In parallel, another plant line was also generated with a chimaeric vector harbouring a cre recombinase gene under the control of the CaMV 2 × 35S promoter. Crossing between T1 plants with a single insertion of cry1Ab-lox-bar-lox T-DNA and T1 plants with moderate expression of a cre gene with a linked hygromycin resistance (hptII) gene was performed to exclude the bialaphos resistance (bar) marker gene. Excision of the bar gene was achieved in T1F1 hybrids, with up to 35.71% recombination frequency. Insect-resistant pigeon pea plants devoid of selectable marker genes (syn Cry1Ab- bar and cre-hptII) were established in a consecutive generation (T1F2) through genetic segregation.

Download Full-text

Testing Pollen of Single and Stacked Insect-Resistant Bt-Maize on In vitro Reared Honey Bee Larvae

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0028174 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. e28174 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Harmen P. Hendriksma ◽

Stephan Härtel ◽

Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter

Keyword(s):

Honey Bee ◽

Bt Maize ◽

Honey Bee Larvae ◽

Insect Resistant

Download Full-text

Field Performance of Somaclonal Variants of Plantain (Muss spp., AAB Group)

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.121.1.42 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 121 (1) ◽

pp. 42-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Dirk R. Vuylsteke ◽

Rony L. Swennen ◽

Edmond A. De Langhe

Keyword(s):

Field Performance ◽

Leaf Size ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Shoot Tip Culture ◽

Somaclonal Variants ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Horticultural Traits ◽

Fruit Maturity ◽

Original Clone

Four types of morphologically distinct somaclonal variants were identified in a population of False Horn plantain (Musa spp., AAB group) plants produced by in vitro shoot-tip culture. Field performance of these variants was compared with true-to-type plantain to evaluate their horticultural traits. Significant variation was observed for plant and fruit maturity, leaf size, yield and its components, but not for leaf number, plant height, or suckering. Three of the four somaclonal variants were horticulturally inferior to the original clone from which they were derived. Yields of these variants were very poor due to inflorescence degeneration or abnormal foliage. Only the `French reversion' variant, which resembled an existing cultivar, outyielded the true-to-type clone. However, its fruit weight and size were lower. Somaclonal variation through micropropagation is of limited use in plantain improvement as it mostly mimics naturally occurring variation along with the observed poor horticultural performance of somaclonal variants.

Download Full-text

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100050950 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 188-189

Author(s):

P.L. Moore

Keyword(s):

Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Freeze Fracture ◽

Amoeboid Movement ◽

Different Types ◽

Chemical Conditions ◽

Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

Download Full-text

In Vitro Induction of Crystals of MT Protein by Vinblastine-Colcemid in Mouse Spermatids

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100050676 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 132-133

Author(s):

John J. Wolosewick ◽

John H. D. Bryan

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Nuclear Ring ◽

Rough Er ◽

Distal Direction ◽

In Vitro Induction

Early in spermiogenesis the manchette is rapidly assembled in a distal direction from the nuclear-ring-densities. The association of vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the manchette microtubules (MTS) has been reported. In the mouse, osmophilic densities at the distal ends of the manchette are the organizing centers (MTOCS), and are associated with the SER. Rapid MT assembly and the lack of rough ER suggests that there is an existing pool of MT protein. Colcemid potentiates the reaction of vinblastine with tubulin and was used in this investigation to detect this protein.

Download Full-text

Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053425 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 142-145

Author(s):

E. J. Kollar

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Oral Mucosa ◽

Basal Lamina ◽

Functional Derivatives ◽

Specific Source ◽

Dental Epithelium ◽

Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

Download Full-text

Immunoenzymatic demonstration of the simultaneous presence of transferrin, hemopexin and albumin in a same hepatocyte and their ultrastructural localization

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100081309 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 88-89

Author(s):

M. Kraemer ◽

J. Foucrier ◽

J. Vassy ◽

M.T. Chalumeau

Keyword(s):

Plasma Proteins ◽

Rat Hepatocytes ◽

Ultrastructural Localization ◽

Carrier Proteins ◽

Normal Cells ◽

Adult Rat ◽

Adult Rat Hepatocytes ◽

Monospecific Antisera ◽

Different Levels

Some authors using immunofluorescent techniques had already suggested that some hepatocytes are able to synthetize several plasma proteins. In vitro studies on normal cells or on cells issued of murine hepatomas raise the same conclusion. These works could be indications of an hepatocyte functionnal non-specialization, meanwhile the authors never give direct topographic proofs suitable with this hypothesis.The use of immunoenzymatic techniques after obtention of monospecific antisera had seemed to us useful to bring forward a better knowledge of this problem. We have studied three carrier proteins (transferrin = Tf, hemopexin = Hx, albumin = Alb) operating at different levels in iron metabolism by demonstrating and localizing the adult rat hepatocytes involved in their synthesis.Immunological, histological and ultrastructural methods have been described in a previous work.

Download Full-text

Sem Studies of Co-Cr-Mo Surgical Implant Alloy Corrosion Behavior

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100055448 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 520-521

Author(s):

Ann Chidester Van Orden ◽

John L. Chidester ◽

Anna C. Fraker ◽

Pei Sung

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Corrosion Behavior ◽

Anodic Polarization ◽

Saline Solution ◽

Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽

Physiological Saline ◽

X Ray ◽

Physiological Saline Solution ◽

Scanning Electron

The influence of small variations in the composition on the corrosion behavior of Co-Cr-Mo alloys has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), and electrochemical measurements. SEM and EDX data were correlated with data from in vitro corrosion measurements involving repassivation and also potentiostatic anodic polarization measurements. Specimens studied included the four alloys shown in Table 1. Corrosion tests were conducted in Hanks' physiological saline solution which has a pH of 7.4 and was held at a temperature of 37°C. Specimens were mechanically polished to a surface finish with 0.05 µm A1203, then exposed to the solution and anodically polarized at a rate of 0.006 v/min. All voltages were measured vs. the saturated calomel electrode (s.c.e.).. Specimens had breakdown potentials near 0.47V vs. s.c.e.

Download Full-text