The activity pattern of limb muscles in freely moving normal and deafferented newts

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gy. Sz�kely ◽  
G. Cz�h ◽  
Gy. V�e�s
Keyword(s):  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Limb Muscles ◽  
Freely Moving

3A1-P04 Understanding activity pattern of lower limb muscles varying in pedaling exercise(Sense, Motion and Measurement (1))

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (0) ◽  
pp. _3A1-P04_1-_3A1-P04_2
Author(s):  
Tatsushi TOKUYASU ◽  
Takuhiro SATO ◽  
Shoma KUSHIZAKI ◽  
Shimpei MATSUMOTO ◽  
Tomoki KITAWAKI
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Limb Muscles

Enhanced heat production in physically restrained rats in hypoxia

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1601-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hayashi ◽  
T. Nagasaka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Limb Muscles ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Colonic Temperature ◽  
Increased Blood Flow ◽  
Peak Value

Combined effects of restraint and hypoxia (9.5% O2 in N2) on heat production (M), heat loss (HL), colonic temperature (Tcol), and cardiovascular activity were studied in unanesthetized rats. In freely moving (F) rats, hypoxia decreased M, HL, Tcol, and heart rate (HR). In restrained (R) rats, however, hypoxia increased M, HL, Tcol, and HR. The increase in these parameters was greatest within 30 min of hypoxia, and the peak value of M was 10.4 W X m-2 higher than in normoxia. After chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine hydrobromide, no such increase was observed in R rats. l-Norepinephrine bitartrate (0.4 mg X kg-1) increased M and HR in F rats in hypoxia. The increase in M was, however, 9.5 W X m-2 and significantly less than that observed in normoxia. Hypoxia significantly reduced blood flow to the brown adipose tissues (BAT) in R rats. The BAT may not be responsible for the increased metabolism in restrained hypoxia-exposed rats. Hypoxia significantly increased blood flow to the heart and the diaphragm, and to a lesser extent to the limb muscles. The increased metabolism in the cardiac and respiratory muscles may be a cause of hyper-metabolism in restrained rats. The limb muscles may also play some role in increasing metabolism in these rats.

Control of abdominal extension in the freely moving intact crayfish cherax destructor. I. Activity Of the tonic stretch receptor

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Mccarthy ◽  
D.L. Macmillan
Keyword(s):  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Stretch Receptor ◽  
Sensory Neurone ◽  
Muscle Receptor ◽  
Cherax Destructor ◽  
Tonic Muscle ◽  
Receptor Organ ◽  
Servo Loop ◽  
Freely Behaving ◽  
Freely Moving

Electrical recordings were made from the sensory neurone of the tonic muscle receptor organ in the abdomen of the intact, freely behaving crayfish Cherax destructor. Slow extensions of the abdomen were evoked by lowering a platform from beneath the suspended crayfish, and the movements and tonic sensory neurone activity were video-recorded simultaneously. The recordings showed that the tonic sensory neurone was active when the abdomen was fully flexed prior to the extension. When the extension began, however, the sensory neurone ceased firing shortly after movement was detected, irrespective of the load applied to the abdomen. When the abdomen was physically blocked from extending fully, the sensory neurone did not fire. The tonic muscle receptor organ is considered to be the length-detecting sensor for a load-compensating servo-loop, but the results demonstrate that its activity pattern during extensions evoked by a platform-drop in C. destructor are not consistent with that role.

Reflex Responses in Upper Limb Muscles to Cutaneous Stimuli

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Cutaneous Reflexes ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Conduction Velocities ◽  
Limb Muscles ◽  
Biphasic Responses

ABSTRACT:Cutaneous reflexes in the upper limb were elicited by stimulating digital nerves and recorded by averaging rectified EMG from proximal and distal upper limb muscles during voluntary contraction. Distal muscles often showed a triphasic response: an inhibition with onset about 50 ms (Il) followed by a facilitation with onset about 60 ms (E2) followed by another inhibition with onset about 80 ms (12). Proximal muscles generally showed biphasic responses beginning with facilitation or inhibition with onset at about 40 ms. Normal ranges for the amplitude of these components were established from recordings on 22 arms of 11 healthy subjects. An attempt was made to determine the alterent fibers responsible for the various components by varying the stimulus intensity, by causing ischemic block of larger fibers and by estimating the afferent conduction velocities. The central pathways mediating these reflexes were examined by estimating central delays and by studying patients with focal lesions

A Comparative study on secure routing algorithms SAODV and A-SAODV in Mobile AdHoc Networks (MANET) – The Enhancements of AODV

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-423
Author(s):  
JARUPULA RAJESHWAR ◽  
Dr G NARSIMHA
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Mobile Adhoc Networks ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Basic Protocol ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Adhoc Networks ◽  
Secure Routing Protocols

A freely moving nodes forming as group to communicate among themselves are called as Mobile AdHoc Networks (MANET). Many applications are choosing this MANET for effective commutation due to its flexible nature in forming a network. But due to its openness characteristics it is posing many security challenges. As it has highly dynamic network topology security for routing is playing a major role. We have very good routing protocols for route discovery as well as for transporting data packers but most of them lack the feature of security like AODV. In this paper we are studying the basic protocol AODV and identify how it can be made secure. We are studying a protocol S-AODV which is a security extension of AODV which is called Secure AODV (S-AODV) and we are studying enhanced version of S-AODV routing protocol a Adaptive Secure AODV (A-SAODV). Finally we have described about the parameter to be taken for performance evaluation of different secure routing protocols

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document