Environmental sensitivity and heterosis for egg laying in Drosophila melanogaster

1989 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Santiago ◽  
A. Dom�nguez ◽  
J. Albornoz ◽  
R. Pi�eiro ◽  
J. I. Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Environmental Sensitivity

scholarly journals Social modulation of oogenesis and egg-laying in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bailly Tiphaine ◽  
Philip Kohlmeier ◽  
Rampal Etienne ◽  
Bregje Wertheim ◽  
Jean-Christophe Billeter
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Gravid Females

Being part of a group facilitates cooperation between group members, but also creates competition for limited resources. This conundrum is problematic for gravid females who benefit from being in a group, but whose future offspring may struggle for access to nutrition in larger groups. Females should thus modulate their reproductive output depending on their social context. Although social-context dependent modulation of reproduction is documented in a broad range of species, its underlying mechanisms and functions are poorly understood. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, females actively attract conspecifics to lay eggs on the same resources, generating groups in which individuals may cooperate or compete. The tractability of the genetics of this species allows dissecting the mechanisms underlying physiological adaptation to their social context. Here, we show that females produce eggs increasingly faster as group size increases. By laying eggs faster in group than alone, females appear to reduce competition between offspring and increase their likelihood of survival. In addition, females in a group lay their eggs during the light phase of the day, while isolated females lay them during the night. We show that responses to the presence of others are determined by vision through the motion detection pathway and that flies from any sex, mating status or species can trigger these responses. The mechanisms of this modulation of egg-laying by group is connected to a lifting of the inhibition of light on oogenesis and egg-laying by stimulating hormonal pathways involving juvenile hormone. Because modulation of reproduction by social context is a hallmark of animals with higher levels of sociality, our findings represent a protosocial mechanism in a species considered solitary that may have been the target of selection for the evolution of more complex social systems.

scholarly journals The mating rate of Drosophila suzukii reduction due to reproductive interference from Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhuo Chen ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Pengcheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Reproductive Interference ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Successful Mating ◽  
Reproductive Activities

Abstract Background Drosophila suzukii is widely distributed. Research has revealed that the presence of Drosophila melanogaster can reduce the emergence and egg laying of D. suzukii. However, the reasons for these phenomena have not yet been reported. To investigate this issue, we sought to answer three questions: Can the presence of D. melanogaster reduce the longevity of D. suzukii? Does D. melanogaster dominate in larval interspecific competition with D. suzukii? Does reproductive interference occur between these species; i.e., do individuals of one species (e.g., D. suzukii) engage in reproductive activities with individuals of the other (e.g., D. melanogaster) such that the fitness of one or both species is reduced? Results The results showed that the adult offspring number of Drosophila suzukii was significantly reduced when this species was reared with Drosophila melanogaster. The larval interspecific competition had no significant effects on Drosophila suzukii longevity or population size. Surprisingly, Drosophila melanogaster imposed reproductive interference on males of Drosophila suzukii, which led to a significant decline in the rate of successful mating of the latter species. Conclusions The presence of Drosophila melanogaster causes the population size of Drosophila suzukii to decrease through reproductive interference, and the rate of successful mating in Drosophila suzukii is significantly reduced in the presence of Drosophila melanogaster.

Les substances neuroleptiques et le comportement des insectes. VIII. Effets de l'éther méthylique d'épiréserpate de méthyle (Su-9064 CIBA) sur la fécondité de Drosophila melanogaster Meig.

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ouellet ◽  
G.-W. Corrivault ◽  
J.-M. Perron ◽  
L. Huot
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Comportement Des Insectes

The methyl ether of methyl epireserpate (Su-9064 CIBA) slows down the vitellogenesis process of Drosophila melanogaster without completely stopping it at any given stage. The product inhibits egg laying but does not affect oocyte maturation.

scholarly journals Pheromonal Cues Deposited by Mated Females Convey Social Information about Egg-Laying Sites in Drosophila Melanogaster

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Duménil ◽  
David Woud ◽  
Francesco Pinto ◽  
Jeroen T. Alkema ◽  
Ilse Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Egg Laying

An integrated hybrid microfluidic device for oviposition-based chemical screening of adult Drosophila melanogaster

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob C. K. Leung ◽  
Arthur J. Hilliker ◽  
Pouya Rezai
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Chemical Screening ◽  
Adult Drosophila

We present agar-PDMS microdevices for studying egg-laying of free-flyingDrosophila melanogasterexposed to chemicals on the chip at various concentrations.

EFFECT OF THE SINGED LOCUS ON THE EGG PRODUCTION CURVE OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Alvarez ◽  
Antonio Fontdevila
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Clear Effect ◽  
Total Lifetime ◽  
Female Genotype ◽  
Production Curve

Egg production curves of virgin and mated females of several genotypes at the singed locus of Drosophila melanogaster have been studied. Fitz-Earle's theoretical model (1971) for characterizing daily egg production has been used. In general, the model gave good fit to the experimental data. A clear effect of the female genotype is detected on the following parameters and derivations of the model: α, rate of decrease in egg production; tq, day of cessation of egg-laying, N(tmax), maximum egg production; and T(to,tq), total lifetime egg production. Homozygous snqr females present higher values of α and lower values of tq, N(tmax), and T(to,tq) than heterozygous and wild-type homozygous females. Egg-to-larva viability along female lifetime related with the different physiological stages of the egg-laying curve (increasing, maximum, and decreasing parts) has been also studied. Homozygous snqr females show low viability and decreasing with age compared to wild-type females. In some cases, different physiological stages of the egg production curve show characteristic egg-to-larva viability values.

Organization of the cytoskeleton during cellularization in Drosophila melanogaster embryos: Confocal laser scanning and electron microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
Kazuo Katoh ◽  
Harunori Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Picric Acid ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Thin Sections

The three-dimensional organization of cytoskeletal components in the early Drosophila melanogaster embryos during cellularization was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy of the whole embryos and thin section electron microscopy.For confocal microscopy, Drosophila embryos at 2-3 hr after egg-laying were dechorionated and fixed with 8% paraformaldehyde-1% picric acid in 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). Embryos were first blocked with normal goat serum, incubated with monoclonal antibody raised against Drosophila embryo α-tubulin for 4 hr, and then were incubated with FITC-conjugated anti-mouse IgG for 2 hr. Some embryos were stained with rhodamine-labeled phailoidin for F-actin visualization. After staining, the whole embryos were mounted on slide glass with an appropriate spacer and examined under the confocal microscope (Bio-Rad, Lasersharp MRC-500). For electron microscopy, dechorionated embryos were fixed with 1/2 Karnovsky's fixative followed by OsO4 fixation. To better preserve actin filaments, embryos were fixed with the same 1/2 Karnovsky's fixative containing 10 μM phailoidin and 0.1% saponin in 0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2. Such fixed embryos were dehydrated and then embedded in Epoxy resin. Thin sections were cut and examined under a Hitachi H-800 type electron microscope.

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