On the biochemical mechanism of tumorigenesis in mouse skin. V. studies of the metabolism of tumor promoting and non promoting phorbol derivatives in vivo and in vitro

1974 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kreibich ◽  
R. S�ss ◽  
V. Kinzel
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Biochemical Mechanism

scholarly journals Embryonic nodal flow and the dynamics of nodal vesicular parcels

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julyan H.E Cartwright ◽  
Nicolas Piro ◽  
Oreste Piro ◽  
Idan Tuval
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Biochemical Mechanism ◽  
Numerical Techniques ◽  
Biophysical Properties ◽  
Nodal Flow ◽  
Dynamical Simulations ◽  
Mechanical Rupture

We address with fluid-dynamical simulations using direct numerical techniques three important and fundamental questions with respect to fluid flow within the mouse node and left–right development. First, we consider the differences between what is experimentally observed when assessing cilium-induced fluid flow in the mouse node in vitro and what is to be expected in vivo . The distinction is that in vivo , the leftward fluid flow across the mouse node takes place within a closed system and is consequently confined, while this is no longer the case on removing the covering membrane and immersing the embryo in a fluid-filled volume to perform in vitro experiments. Although there is a central leftward flow in both instances, we elucidate some important distinctions about the closed in vivo situation. Second, we model the movement of the newly discovered nodal vesicular parcels (NVPs) across the node and demonstrate that the flow should indeed cause them to accumulate on the left side of the node, as required for symmetry breaking. Third, we discuss the rupture of NVPs. Based on the biophysical properties of these vesicles, we argue that the morphogens they contain are likely not delivered to the surrounding cells by their mechanical rupture either by the cilia or the flow, and rupture must instead be induced by an as yet undiscovered biochemical mechanism.

scholarly journals Self-organization process in newborn skin organoid formation inspires strategy to restore hair regeneration of adult cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (34) ◽  
pp. E7101-E7110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxing Lei ◽  
Linus J. Schumacher ◽  
Yung-Chih Lai ◽  
Wen-Tau Juan ◽  
Chao-Yuan Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Newborn Mouse ◽  
Organization Process ◽  
Morphological Transitions ◽  
Dissociated Cells ◽  
Adult Cells

Organoids made from dissociated progenitor cells undergo tissue-like organization. This in vitro self-organization process is not identical to embryonic organ formation, but it achieves a similar phenotype in vivo. This implies genetic codes do not specify morphology directly; instead, complex tissue architectures may be achieved through several intermediate layers of cross talk between genetic information and biophysical processes. Here we use newborn and adult skin organoids for analyses. Dissociated cells from newborn mouse skin form hair primordia-bearing organoids that grow hairs robustly in vivo after transplantation to nude mice. Detailed time-lapse imaging of 3D cultures revealed unexpected morphological transitions between six distinct phases: dissociated cells, cell aggregates, polarized cysts, cyst coalescence, planar skin, and hair-bearing skin. Transcriptome profiling reveals the sequential expression of adhesion molecules, growth factors, Wnts, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Functional perturbations at different times discern their roles in regulating the switch from one phase to another. In contrast, adult cells form small aggregates, but then development stalls in vitro. Comparative transcriptome analyses suggest suppressing epidermal differentiation in adult cells is critical. These results inspire a strategy that can restore morphological transitions and rescue the hair-forming ability of adult organoids: (i) continuous PKC inhibition and (ii) timely supply of growth factors (IGF, VEGF), Wnts, and MMPs. This comprehensive study demonstrates that alternating molecular events and physical processes are in action during organoid morphogenesis and that the self-organizing processes can be restored via environmental reprogramming. This tissue-level phase transition could drive self-organization behavior in organoid morphogenies beyond the skin.

Cancer-chemopreventive effects of natural sweeteners and related compounds

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1309-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Konoshima ◽  
Midori Takasaki
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Chemical Carcinogenesis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Skin Carcinogenesis ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Vitro Assay

To search for possible cancer-chemopreventive agents from natural resources, several natural sweeteners were screened by the in vitro assay indicated by the inhibitory effects of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) induction. Of active compounds that showed the remarkable inhibitory effects on the EBV-EA induction, stevioside, from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana, and mogroside V, from the fruits of Momordica grosvenori, exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis in vivo induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The inhibitory effect of stevioside is stronger than that of glycyrrhizin, which had been known as an antitumor-promoter in chemical carcinogenesis. Furthermore, stevioside also inhibited mouse skin carcinogenesis initiated by peroxynitrite. These results suggest that stevioside and mogroside V might be valuable as chemopreventive agents for chemical carcinogenesis.

Regeneration of Mouse Skin Melanocyte Stem Cells In Vivo and In Vitro

2018 ◽  
pp. 267-284
Author(s):  
Ke Yang ◽  
Weiming Qiu ◽  
Pei-Rong Gu ◽  
Mingxing Lei
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Melanocyte Stem Cells

scholarly journals β-Catenin-Dependent and -Independent Effects of ΔN-Plakoglobin on Epidermal Growth and Differentiation

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 8649-8661 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Teulière ◽  
M. M. Faraldo ◽  
M. Shtutman ◽  
W. Birchmeier ◽  
J. Huelsken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Epidermal Differentiation ◽  
Follicular Tumors

ABSTRACT Both β-catenin and plakoglobin can stimulate the expression of Lef/Tcf target genes in vitro. β-Catenin is known to associate with Lef/Tcf factors and to participate directly in transactivation in vivo, whereas the role of plakoglobin in transcriptional regulation has been less studied. To analyze the functions of plakoglobin in vivo, we generated transgenic mice expressing in the epidermis N-terminally truncated plakoglobin (ΔN122-PG) lacking the glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation sites and therefore protected against degradation (transgenic line K5-ΔN122-PG). The expression of ΔN122-PG led to the formation of additional hair germs, hyperplastic hair follicles, and noninvasive hair follicle tumors, a phenotype reminiscent of that induced by expression of N-terminally truncated β-catenin. However, if expressed in β-catenin-null epidermis, ΔN122-PG did not induce new hair follicle germs and follicular tumors. Thus, ΔN122-PG cannot substitute for β-catenin in its signaling functions in vivo and the phenotype observed in K5-ΔN122-PG mouse skin must be due to the aberrant activation of β-catenin signaling. On the other hand, the expression of ΔN122-PG in β-catenin-null skin significantly increased the survival rate of mutant mice, rescued differentiation, and limited excessive proliferation in the interfollicular epidermis, suggesting that plakoglobin may be involved in the intracellular signaling events essential for epidermal differentiation.

scholarly journals Blue Light Rescues Mice from Potentially Fatal Pseudomonas aeruginosa Burn Infection: Efficacy, Safety, and Mechanism of Action

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 1238-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianhong Dai ◽  
Asheesh Gupta ◽  
Ying-Ying Huang ◽  
Rui Yin ◽  
Clinton K. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Infected Mouse ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTBlue light has attracted increasing attention due to its intrinsic antimicrobial effect without the addition of exogenous photosensitizers. However, the use of blue light for wound infections has not been established yet. In this study, we demonstrated the efficacy of blue light at 415 nm for the treatment of acute, potentially lethalPseudomonas aeruginosaburn infections in mice. Ourin vitrostudies demonstrated that the inactivation rate ofP. aeruginosacells by blue light was approximately 35-fold higher than that of keratinocytes (P= 0.0014). Transmission electron microscopy revealed blue light-mediated intracellular damage toP. aeruginosacells. Fluorescence spectroscopy suggested that coproporphyrin III and/or uroporphyrin III are possibly the intracellular photosensitive chromophores associated with the blue light inactivation ofP. aeruginosa.In vivostudies using anin vivobioluminescence imaging technique and an area-under-the-bioluminescence-time-curve (AUBC) analysis showed that a single exposure of blue light at 55.8 J/cm2, applied 30 min after bacterial inoculation to the infected mouse burns, reduced the AUBC by approximately 100-fold in comparison with untreated and infected mouse burns (P< 0.0001). Histological analyses and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays indicated no significant damage in the mouse skin exposed to blue light at the effective antimicrobial dose. Survival analyses revealed that blue light increased the survival rate of the infected mice from 18.2% to 100% (P< 0.0001). In conclusion, blue light therapy might offer an effective and safe alternative to conventional antimicrobial therapy forP. aeruginosaburn infections.

Effect of elevating the skin temperature during topical ALA application on in vitro ALA penetration through mouse skin and in vivo PpIX production in human skin

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna T. H. M. van den Akker ◽  
Kristian Boot ◽  
David I. Vernon ◽  
Stanley B. Brown ◽  
Laurens Groenendijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Mouse Skin
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