Guest commentary on the study: ?Lung cancer due to diesel soot particles in ambient air?? by W. St�ber and U. Abel

Abstract. Combustion of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) contained in ambient aerosol matter was explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). To ease identification of the particles of interest and to avoid or at least reduce interaction with simultaneously sampled inorganic oxides and salts, the approach used in this work differed in two ways from commonly applied procedures. First, rather than using a mixture of particles of vastly different sizes, as in PM10 or PM2.5, aerosol matter was collected in a 5-stage impactor. Second, the water soluble fraction of the collected matter was removed prior to analysis. Diesel soot particles, which appeared in the well-known form of chain-type aggregates, constituted the major fraction of EC. In contrast, OC containing particles were observed in a variety of shapes, including a sizable amount of bioaerosol matter appearing mostly in the size range above about 1 µm. During heating in ambient air for 1h, diesel soot particles were found to be stable up to 470°C, but complete combustion occurred in a narrow temperature interval between about 480 and 510°C. After diesel soot combustion, minute quantities of "ash" were observed in the form of aggregated tiny particles with sizes less than 10 nm. These particles could be due to elemental or oxidic contaminants of diesel soot. Combustion of OC was observed over a wide range of temperatures, from well below 200°C to at least 500°C. Incompletely burnt bioaerosol matter was still found after heating to 600°C. The results imply that the EC fraction in aerosol matter can be overestimated significantly if the contribution of OC to a thermogram is not well separated.

Download Full-text

Combustion characteristics of water-insoluble elemental and organic carbon in size selected ambient aerosol particles

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-5-2247-2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 2247-2268 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Wittmaack

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Diesel Soot ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Soot Combustion ◽

Complete Combustion ◽

Ambient Aerosol ◽

Soot Particles ◽

Inorganic Oxides ◽

Wide Range

Abstract. Combustion of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) contained in ambient aerosol matter was explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). To ease identification of the particles of interest and to avoid or at least reduce interaction with simultaneously sampled inorganic oxides and salts, the approach used in this work differed in two ways from commonly applied procedures. First, rather than using a mixture of particles of vastly different sizes, as in PM10 or PM2.5, aerosol matter was collected in a 5-stage impactor. Second, the water soluble fraction of the collected matter was removed prior to analysis. Diesel soot particles, which appeared in the well-known form of chain-type aggregates, constituted the major fraction of EC. In contrast, OC containing particles were observed in a variety of shapes, including a sizable amount of bioaerosol matter appearing mostly in the size range above about 1 µm. During heating in ambient air for 1 h, diesel soot particles were found to be stable up to 480°C, but complete combustion occurred in a narrow temperature interval between about 490 and 510°C. After diesel soot combustion, minute quantities of ''ash'' were observed in the form of aggregated tiny particles with sizes less than 10 nm. These particles could be due to elemental or oxidic contaminants of diesel soot. Combustion of OC was observed over a wide range of temperatures, from well below 200°C to at least 500°C. Incompletely burnt bioaerosol matter was still found after heating to 600°C. The results imply that the EC fraction in aerosol matter can be overestimated significantly if the contribution of OC to a thermogram is not well separated.

Download Full-text

OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF AIRBORNE DIESEL SOOT PARTICLES

Journal of Aerosol Science ◽

10.1016/s0021-8502(21)00193-2 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 421-422

Author(s):

K.-H. NAUMANN ◽

H. SAATHOFF ◽

M. SCHNAITER ◽

U. SCHURATH

Keyword(s):

Optical Properties ◽

Diesel Soot ◽

Soot Particles

Download Full-text

An investigation into the impact of variations of ambient air pollution and meteorological factors on lung cancer mortality in Yangtze River Delta

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 779 ◽

pp. 146427

Author(s):

Chee Yap Chung ◽

Jie Yang ◽

Jun He ◽

Xiaogang Yang ◽

Richard Hubbard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Yangtze River ◽

Meteorological Factors ◽

Lung Cancer Mortality ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Yangtze River Delta ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

Impact of multi-injection strategies on morphology, nanostructure and oxidation reactivity of diesel soot particles

Combustion and Flame ◽

10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.111854 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 237 ◽

pp. 111854

Author(s):

Xingyu Liang ◽

Bowen Zhao ◽

Kun Wang ◽

Xu Lv ◽

Yajun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diesel Soot ◽

Soot Particles ◽

Oxidation Reactivity ◽

Injection Strategies

Download Full-text

Effect of Metallic Lubricant Additives on Morphology, Nanostructure, and Oxidation Reactivity of Diesel Soot Particles

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3973349 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yajun Wang ◽

Bowen Zhao ◽

Xu Lv ◽

xingyu liang

Keyword(s):

Diesel Soot ◽

Lubricant Additives ◽

Soot Particles ◽

Oxidation Reactivity

Download Full-text

The Analysis in the Burden of Lung Cancer Attributable to PM2.5 Exposure in China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-48956/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

xiaomei wu ◽

Bo Zhu ◽

Jin Zhou ◽

Yifei Bi ◽

Shuang Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Downward Trend ◽

Household Air Pollution ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Age Group ◽

Upward Trend ◽

Cancer Burden ◽

Pm2.5 Exposure

Abstract Objective Air pollution is the major contributor of lung cancer mortality, we want to analyze the long-term trends and the differences in lung cancer burden attributable to PM2.5 exposure between ambient air pollution and household air pollution.Methods The indicators (mortality rate, disability-adjusted life years rate, years lived with disability rate, and years of life lost rate) of lung cancer burden were obtained from GBD 2017. The joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess the magnitude and direction of trends from 1990 to 2017, and the age-period-cohort method was used to analyze the temporal trends of the indicators of lung cancer by age, period, and cohort.Results The age-standardized indicators showed an upward trend in ambient PM2.5 exposure (APE) and a downward trend in household PM2.5 exposure (HPE). The overall net drifts per year were above zero for APE and below zero for HPE, and the local drift values in APE and HPE increased by age groups. For the longitudinal age curves, the indicators of lung cancer burden for younger in APE or HPE were in a low level, and significantly increased from 45-49 age group to 90-94 age group. For the period RRs, the indicators of lung cancer burden in APE increased from 1990 to 2017, but decreased in HPE from 1990 to 2017. For the cohort RRs, the indicators of lung cancer burden in APE was on the upward trend before 1965, and fluctuated after from 1970 to 1990. The indicators of lung cancer burden in HPE was on the downward trend.Conclusions For lung cancer attributable to air pollution, China had changed from household air pollution to ambient air pollution. PM2.5 exposure had more harmful in male and older people. Ambient air pollution should be emphasized, China should strengthen implementation of effective public policies and other interventions.

Download Full-text

VARIATIONS IN SOIL RADON LEVELS DURING WINTER AND SPRING PERIODS

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncaa162 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 191 (2) ◽

pp. 250-254

Author(s):

Sakhayaan Gavriliev ◽

Tatiana Petrova ◽

Petr Miklyaev ◽

Nikolay Nefedov

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Wind Speed ◽

Activity Concentration ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Α Decay ◽

Radon Flux ◽

Significant Health

Abstract Radon poses significant health risk due to inhalation and subsequent α-decay of its progeny and is the second biggest cause of lung cancer worldwide. In Russian Federation, radon flux density (RFD) measurements are performed routinely to assess radon safety of land lots before construction takes place. This study aims to show possible ‘weather’-influenced variations in RFD and radon activity concentration (RAC) that can occur during winter and spring periods in climatic conditions typical for territories with severe snowy winters. Results show that RFD correlates with weather, having a significant correlation with ambient air temperature in winter as well as spring periods and a weak inverse correlation with wind speed. In spring, RFD also responds to an increase in soil moisture, dropping severely because of rainfall. RAC, however, correlates very little with weather but has a weak inverse correlation with RFD.

Download Full-text