ADSORPTION OF OBSOLETE SLUDGE, PEAT, BUCKWHEAT HUSKS AND COMPOSITIONS FROM THEM

The problem of accumulation of obsolete silt deposits at aeration stations is relevant for the whole territory of Ukraine. This can lead to environmental hazards. Therefore, the task of processing silt deposits with the creation of granules based on them with the addition of peat and buckwheat husks. Van Bamelen's tensometric (static) method was used to determine the equilibrium humidity of the experimental samples depending on the relative humidity . As a result of researches kinetic curves of adsorption over obsolete silt deposits, peat, buckwheat husk and the three-component composition created on their basis are received. Kinetic adsorption curves indicate a slow process. The adsorption curves of the three-component composition have the character of curves of obsolete sludge, which have a non-uniform character. The obtained equilibrium humidity does not exceed the standard humidity for fuel pellets. The adsorption isotrams of the three-component composition and its components are determined, from which the equations of experimental and linearized isotrams are obtained. The analysis of experimental isotherms allows to relate them relatively to the isotherms of adsorption IV, which are observed in inorganic oxides and in other porous bodies. For the first time, the adsorption properties of three-component compositions based on peat, sludge and buckwheat husk were studied. The obtained equilibrium humidity of the compositions does not exceed the standard humidity for fuel pellets (is 20%) and is 6 - 7%. Therefore, they can be used for combustion in biomass boilers. The resulting ash can be used for the production of bricks, cement and other building materials. During storage of composite granules in order to prevent loss of their technological properties, it is recommended to maintain humidity at the level of 60 - 70%.

Thermal conduction characteristics of silicone composites including ultrasonic-treated graphite

The microstructural change of graphite was studied after ultrasonic treatment of the graphite. When the graphite solution was treated with varying ultrasonic power and time, the microstructure changed gradually, and accordingly, the thermal conductivity characteristics of the composite containing the as-treated graphite was also different with each other. Thermal conductivity showed the best result in the silicone composite containing graphite prepared under the optimum condition of ultrasonic treatment, and the thermal conductivity of the composite improved proportionally along with the particle size of graphite. When the silicone composite was prepared by using a mixture of inorganic oxides and graphite rather than graphite alone, the thermal conductivity of the silicone composite was further increased. A silicone composite containing graphite was used for LED (light emitting diode) lighting system as a thermal interface material (TIM), and the temperature elevation due to heat generated, while the lighting was actually operated, was analyzed.

Genuine divalent magnesium-ion storage and fast diffusion kinetics in metal oxides at room temperature

Rechargeable magnesium batteries represent a viable alternative to lithium-ion technology that can potentially overcome its safety, cost, and energy density limitations. Nevertheless, the development of a competitive room temperature magnesium battery has been hindered by the sluggish dissociation of electrolyte complexes and the low mobility of Mg2+ ions in solids, especially in metal oxides that are generally used in lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we introduce a generic proton-assisted method for the dissociation of the strong Mg–Cl bond to enable genuine Mg2+ intercalation into an oxide host lattice; meanwhile, the anisotropic Smoluchowski effect produced by titanium oxide lattices results in unusually fast Mg2+ diffusion kinetics along the atomic trough direction with a record high ion conductivity of 1.8 × 10−4 S ⋅ cm−1 on the same order as polymer electrolyte. The realization of genuine Mg2+ storage and fast diffusion kinetics enabled a rare high-power Mg-intercalation battery with inorganic oxides. The success of this work provides important information on engineering surface and interlayer chemistries of layered materials to tackle the sluggish intercalation kinetics of multivalent ions.

Flexible Electronics Based Upon 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

Flexible devices play an important role in various fields such as electronics, industry, healthcare, military, space exploration, and so on. Traditional materials used for flexible devices include silicon, inorganic oxides,...

On the Mechanism of Bioinspired Formation of Inorganic Oxides: Structural Evidence of the Electrostatic Nature of the Interaction between a Mononuclear Inorganic Precursor and Lysozyme

Nature has evolved several molecular machineries to promote the formation at physiological conditions of inorganic materials, which would otherwise be formed in extreme conditions. The molecular determinants of this process have been established over the last decade, identifying a strong role of electrostatics in the first steps of the precipitation. However, no conclusive, structure-based evidence has been provided so far. In this manuscript, we test the binding of lysozyme with silica and titania potential precursors. In contrast with the absence of structural information about the interaction with the silica precursor, we observe the interaction with a mononuclear titanium(IV) species, which is found to occur in a region rich of positive charges.