Recombinant gamma interferon induces HLA-DR expression on squamous cell carcinoma, trichilemmoma, adenocarcinoma cell lines, and cultured human keratinocytes

The present study was aimed to evaluate the confluence percentage of three oral cell lines, namely primary gingival keratinocytes (PGK), primary gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-4). All cells have been monitored at different passages for 21 days. Evaluation of confluence percentage reveals the fact that primary gingival keratinocytes and tongue squamous cell carcinoma at small passages requires a period of about two weeks to reach a confluence of approximately 80% while for the gingival fibroblasts a period of about three times smaller is satisfactory.

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Aspirin enhances the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma by inhibition of putative cancer stem cells

British Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1038/s41416-021-01499-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhigeng Zou ◽

Wei Zheng ◽

Hongjun Fan ◽

Guodong Deng ◽

Shih-Hsin Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are related to the patient’s prognosis, recurrence and therapy resistance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Although increasing evidence suggests that aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) could lower the incidence and improve the prognosis of ESCC, the mechanism(s) remains to be fully understood. Methods We investigated the role of ASA in chemotherapy/chemoprevention in human ESCC cell lines and an N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced rat ESCC carcinogenesis model. The effects of combined treatment with ASA/cisplatin on ESCC cell lines were examined in vitro and in vivo. Sphere-forming cells enriched with putative CSCs (pCSCs) were used to investigate the effect of ASA in CSCs. Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) was performed to determine the alterations in chromatin accessibility caused by ASA in ESCC cells. Results ASA inhibits the CSC properties and enhances cisplatin treatment in human ESCC cells. ATAC-seq indicates that ASA treatment results in remarkable epigenetic alterations on chromatin in ESCC cells, especially their pCSCs, through the modification of histone acetylation levels. The epigenetic changes activate Bim expression and promote cell death in CSCs of ESCC. Furthermore, ASA prevents the carcinogenesis of NMBzA-induced ESCC in the rat model. Conclusions ASA could be a potential chemotherapeutic adjuvant and chemopreventive drug for ESCC treatment.

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Cav1/EREG/YAP Axis in the Treatment Resistance of Cav1-Expressing Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13123038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 3038

Author(s):

Mickaël Burgy ◽

Aude Jehl ◽

Ombline Conrad ◽

Sophie Foppolo ◽

Véronique Bruban ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Cell Cycle Progression ◽

Locally Advanced ◽

Treatment Resistance ◽

Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Hnscc Cell

The EGFR-targeting antibody cetuximab (CTX) combined with radiotherapy is the only targeted therapy that has been proven effective for the treatment of locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC). Recurrence arises in 50% of patients with HNSCC in the years following treatment. In clinicopathological practice, it is difficult to assign patients to classes of risk because no reliable biomarkers are available to predict the outcome of HPV-unrelated HNSCC. In the present study, we investigated the role of Caveolin-1 (Cav1) in the sensitivity of HNSCC cell lines to CTX-radiotherapy that might predict HNSCC relapse. Ctrl- and Cav-1-overexpressing HNSCC cell lines were exposed to solvent, CTX, or irradiation, or exposed to CTX before irradiation. Growth, clonogenicity, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, metabolism and signaling pathways were analyzed. Cav1 expression was analyzed in 173 tumor samples and correlated to locoregional recurrence and overall survival. We showed that Cav1-overexpressing cells demonstrate better survival capacities and remain proliferative and motile when exposed to CTX-radiotherapy. Resistance is mediated by the Cav1/EREG/YAP axis. Patients whose tumors overexpressed Cav1 experienced regional recurrence a few years after adjuvant radiotherapy ± chemotherapy. Together, our observations suggest that a high expression of Cav1 might be predictive of locoregional relapse of LA-HNSCC.

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Differences in Extracellular Vesicle Protein Cargo Are Dependent on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell of Origin and Human Papillomavirus Status

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13153714 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 3714

Author(s):

Christine Goudsmit ◽

Felipe da Veiga Leprevost ◽

Venkatesha Basrur ◽

Lila Peters ◽

Alexey Nesvizhskii ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Extracellular Vesicle ◽

Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cytokeratin 19 ◽

Oral Keratinocytes ◽

Transformed Cell Lines

To identify potential extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we evaluated EV protein cargo and whole cell lysates (WCL) from HPV-positive and -negative HNSCC cell lines, as well as normal oral keratinocytes and HPV16-transformed cells. EVs were isolated from serum-depleted, conditioned cell culture media by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation/ultracentrifugation. EV and WCL preparations were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Candidate proteins detected at significantly higher levels in EV compared with WCL, or compared with EV from normal oral keratinocytes, were identified and confirmed by Wes Simple Western protein analysis. Our findings suggest that these proteins may be potential HNSCC EV markers as proteins that may be (1) selectively included in EV cargo for export from the cell as a strategy for metastasis, tumor cell survival, or modification of tumor microenvironment, or (2) representative of originating cell composition, which may be developed for diagnostic or prognostic use in clinical liquid biopsy applications. This work demonstrates that our method can be used to reliably detect EV proteins from HNSCC, normal keratinocyte, and transformed cell lines. Furthermore, this work has identified HNSCC EV protein candidates for continued evaluation, specifically tenascin-C, HLA-A, E-cadherin, EGFR, EPHA2, and cytokeratin 19.

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