Morphological changes in the mucous membrane of the small intestine after removal of the sensory spinal ganglia

The main cause of mortality in acute generalized peritonitis (AGP) is the development of multiple organ insufficiency. The intestine is the organ where the first changes develop in this pathology. The aim of the study – to research and evaluate the morphological changes in the small intestine wall of animals with experimental AGP. Materials and Methods. 32 white rats were used in this study. Acute peritonitis was modeled by introduction of 10 % fecal suspension in the dosage of 0.5 ml per 100 g of the animal's weight into the abdominal cavity of rats by puncture. The terms of observation: the 1st, 3rd and the 7th days from the beginning of the peritonitis modeling. For histological study the intestinal tissue was taken. The resulting pieces of the organ were fixed in a 10 % neutral formalin solution, which were then stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results and Discussion. On the 3rd day of the experiment in animals with a modeled AGP, vascular changes were manifested first of all by the rounding (retraction) of endothelial cells or their desquamation and the appearance of defects, that allow plasma proteins and the formed elements of blood to leave circulation boundaries of the vascular bed. On the 7 th day in animals with a modeled AGP increased vascular permeability of the mucous membrane of the small intestine was accompanied by a significant edema of the stroma of the villi and by focal hemorrhages. Conclusion. Consequently, the distinct inflammatory changes in all terms of the injury were seen in the wall of the small intestine at the simulated AGP. The significant expansion of the capillaries and venules against the background of inflammatory infiltration in the stroma of the glandular component of the small intestine was noted on the 1st day from the beginning of the experiment. An increase in the height of intestinal villus and a crypt with retraction and desquamation of endothelial cells in the wall of vessels, which caused platelet adhesion in the areas of destruction was observed on the 3rd day. The areas of focal necrosis of the superficial epithelium, which were accompanied by multiple hemorrhages per diapedesis in the perivascular space of the mucous membrane, were seen in the wall of the small intestine of animals with a simulated AGP on the 7th day.

Download Full-text

Morphological changes in the mucous membrane of the small intestine following administration of acth and hydrocortisone

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1007/bf00784857 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 86-88

Author(s):

L. K. Leonova

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Mucous Membrane ◽

Morphological Changes

Download Full-text

The Role of Non-Invasive Markers of Enterocyte Damage and Increased Permeability in the Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease

Effective Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.33978/2307-3586-2021-17-4-68-75 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 68-75

Author(s):

S.V. Bykova ◽

◽

E.A. Sabelnikova ◽

A.A. Novikov ◽

A.A. Babanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Mucous Membrane ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Tissue Transglutaminase ◽

Protein Loss ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Degree Of Damage

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy characterized by atrophy/damage to the mucous membrane of the small intestine in genetically susceptible individuals in response to gluten administration. In CD morphology, atrophy is the result of increased enterocyte apoptosis due to autoimmune inflammation. Since the enterocyte is an anatomical and functional unit of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, responsible for the barrier function and for the absorption of nutrients, to understand the pathogenesis of CD, the study of the processes of restoration of the mucosa is of paramount importance. Antibodies to tissue transglutaminase, antibodies to deamidated gliadin peptides, antibodies to endomysium, which are used to monitor disease activity and represent the body's immune response, can only indirectly indicate the degree of damage/recovery of enterocytes. During histological examination it is not always possible to assess the degree of damage at the cellular level, taking into account the complexity of the interpretation of morphological changes and patchiness of mucosa damage. In recent years, researchers have paid much attention to new markers of mucosa permeability, which include: I-FABP − a marker reflecting damage to enterocytes, citrulline − a marker of the functional mass of enterocytes, zonulin − a marker of increased mucosa permeability and alpha-1-antitrypsin − a marker reflecting the failure of the barrier function of the small intestine and protein loss. Using of these markers will help optimize the algorithm for non-invasive diagnostics of CD, improve monitoring of disease activity, and will also usefull for understanding the processes of mucosa recovery.

Download Full-text

Intestine wall histostructure peculiarities with peritonitis and mechanical intestine obstruction (experimental study)

Biomedical and Biosocial Anthropology ◽

10.31393/bba36-2019-05 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

Т. I. Tamm ◽

V. V. Nepomnyaschy ◽

O. А. Shakalova ◽

А. Ya. Barduck

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Mucous Membrane ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

Statistical Processing ◽

Intestinal Wall ◽

Control Group ◽

Mechanical Ileus ◽

Fecal Suspension ◽

Dynamic Ileus

Today, the histological criteria for differential diagnosis of dynamic ileus due to peritonitis and mechanical obstruction of the intestine remain undeveloped. In this regard, the aim of the work was to establish the difference in morphological changes occurring in the intestinal wall during dynamic and mechanical ileus in the experiment. The experiment was conducted on 33 sexually mature Wistar rats. In 15 animals of the first group, mechanical ileus was modeled by ligation of the lumen of the small intestine at the middle of the distance between the duodenojejunal junction and the ileocecal angle. In 15 rats of the second group, a dynamic ileus model was formed in the form of peritonitis by introducing fecal suspension into the lumen of the abdominal cavity. The control group included 3 animals who underwent laparotomy without the formation of mechanical ileus and peritonitis. For histological examination, fragments of the intestinal wall were sampled 1 cm above the site of the obstruction with mechanical ileus and the portion of the small intestine with peritonitis. Statistical processing was performed in an Excel package using parametric statistics methods. It was stated that with mechanical ileus purulent inflammation develops in the intestine wall beginning from the mucous membrane spreading over wall thickness which can cause its destruction within 48 hours; with dynamical ileus purulent inflammation develops in the intestine wall, it captures particularly serous and muscle layers without causing violations of mucosa cover structure and without intestine wall destruction within 48 hours. Under experimental dynamic ileus, changes in the mucous membrane were reactive in nature and consisted of manifestations of compensatory-adaptive and regenerative processes in response to a violation of the trophism of various structures of the intestinal wall.

Download Full-text

The formation of an artificial vagina by Baldwin's method

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj50149 ◽

1930 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 218-218

Author(s):

I. F. Kharitonov

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Mucous Membrane ◽

Satisfactory Result ◽

Congenital Absence ◽

Near Future ◽

Artificial Vagina

Session 4 / XII 1929 Dr. I. F. Kharitonov (speaker Dr. A. N. Syzganov). The formation of an artificial vagina by Baldwin's method with a completely satisfactory result for the near future was produced by the operator in one case of congenital absence of this organ; the method is not safe, fraught with complications; in the reported case, the mucous membrane of the newly formed vagina continues to secrete juice from the small intestine, which strongly irritates the surrounding tissues.

Download Full-text

Intestinal epithelial dysplasia

Pacific Medical Journal ◽

10.34215/1609-1175-2020-1-91-94 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 91-94

Author(s):

T. E. Taranushenko ◽

E. M. Vasilyeva ◽

E. V. Antsiferova ◽

L. N. Karpova ◽

Y. S. Shamova

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Rare Disease ◽

Histological Examination ◽

Mucous Membrane ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Epithelial Dysplasia ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Electronic Microscopy

The article presents a clinical case of intestinal epithelial dysplasia (tufting enteropathy), a rare disease which relates to congenital diarrheas, has a particular clinical presentation and is life-threating. The diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination and electronic microscopy of mucous membrane of small intestine. Additional evidence is substantiated for the existence of prenatal markers of intestinal epithelial dysplasia represented as polyhydramnios and intrauterine dilatation of fetal intestinal loops. These symptoms are considered to be a clinical hallmark of sodium and chloride diarrheas and are described in single cases in enteropathy called a microvillus inclusion disease.

Download Full-text

Morphological Features Of The Immune Structures Of The Thin Intestine Of Laboratory Animals With Various Characters Of Nutrition

The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.37547/tajmspr/volume02issue09-15 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (09) ◽

pp. 72-74

Author(s):

Khusanov Erkin ◽

Ortikbaeva Nilufar ◽

Korzhavov Sherali

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Structural Organization ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Comparative Morphology ◽

Morphological Features ◽

The Body ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Chemical Processing ◽

Digestive Tube

The nutritional nature of mammals, which has developed during a long evolution, leads to adaptive - morphological changes in their digestive tract and its immune structures, although the general laws of their structural organization are identical. The literature has data on the study of the immune structures of the small intestine under normal conditions and under the influence of certain factors. In the structure of immune structures there are numerous parallelisms, however, in each class of vertebrates, complication of this organization is achieved independently. The small intestine is an important section of the digestive tube, where the final chemical processing of the chyme and the absorption of nutrients into the body take place. However, the comparative morphology of the immune structures of the small intestine in mammals with different nutrition patterns remains poorly understood.

Download Full-text

DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE IN BIOPSY MATERIAL OF THE DISTAL ESOPHAGUS IN ADOLESCENTS SICKLY WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASES

EUREKA Health Sciences ◽

10.21303/2504-5679.2019.00847 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 15-23

Author(s):

Olena Zhuravel ◽

Tetyana Pochinok ◽

Tamara Zadorozhna ◽

Tetyana Archakova ◽

Valentyna Zamula

Keyword(s):

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Mucous Membrane ◽

Reflux Disease ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Distal Esophagus ◽

Biopsy Material ◽

Acute Respiratory Diseases

The article dedicated to the problem of the diagnostic value of morphological changes in gastroesophageal reflux disease in the biopsy of the distal esophagus in pubertal children of childbearing age. Aim of the research is to investigate the diagnostic value of morphological changes in gastroesophageal reflux disease in esophageal biopsy material in adolescents sickly with acute respiratory diseases. Methodology. The objective of the study was achieved through examination of 90 adolescents (10 to 16 years old, average age 13.1±3.54 years) kept under observation at the Children’s Clinical Hospital No. 9 of Kyiv and on the basis of the Department of Pediatrics No. 1 Center of Primary Health Care No. 4 of the Desnianskyi district of Kyiv. All adolescents belonged to the group of sickly with a number of respiratory diseases averaging 6-8 times a year, lasting from 8 to 18 days (on average 12.8±5.41 days). All children have undergone endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum with the esophagus mucosa biopsy using the OLYMPUS GIF-P3 flexible fiberscope. Results. It was found that the least valuable diagnostic feature in the morphological examination of the mucous membrane of the distal esophagus in the pain-causing children with GERD was thickening of the epithelium with a sensitivity of 13,0 %, a specificity of 96.0 %, and total value of 65.0 %. It has been proved that hyperplasia of cells of the basal layer of the mucous membrane of the distal esophagus at the GERD in the infected children is 46.7 % (specificity – 93.3 %, the total value is 75.6 %). Increase in the number of papillae and their prolongation in 33.3 % cases (sensitivity – 33.3 %, specificity – 93.3 %, overall diagnostic value – 70.8 %). Conclusion. The peculiarity of the morphological manifestations of GERD in childbearing children is dystrophic changes in keratocytes in the superficial parts of the multilayer squamous epithelium, which are detected at 100.0 % of patients (specificity is 93.3 %, total value is 96.8 %), with parakeratosis centers at 13.3 % of cases. It has been shown that a frequent and diagnostically valuable indication is inflammatory infiltration of the esophageal mucosa, which are verified in all cases (100.0 %, with dilatation and hyperemia in 46.7 % of patients (specificity – 40.0 %, total value – 81.3 %).

Download Full-text