scholarly journals Intestine wall histostructure peculiarities with peritonitis and mechanical intestine obstruction (experimental study)

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Т. I. Tamm ◽  
V. V. Nepomnyaschy ◽  
O. А. Shakalova ◽  
А. Ya. Barduck
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mechanical Ileus ◽  
Fecal Suspension ◽  
Dynamic Ileus

Today, the histological criteria for differential diagnosis of dynamic ileus due to peritonitis and mechanical obstruction of the intestine remain undeveloped. In this regard, the aim of the work was to establish the difference in morphological changes occurring in the intestinal wall during dynamic and mechanical ileus in the experiment. The experiment was conducted on 33 sexually mature Wistar rats. In 15 animals of the first group, mechanical ileus was modeled by ligation of the lumen of the small intestine at the middle of the distance between the duodenojejunal junction and the ileocecal angle. In 15 rats of the second group, a dynamic ileus model was formed in the form of peritonitis by introducing fecal suspension into the lumen of the abdominal cavity. The control group included 3 animals who underwent laparotomy without the formation of mechanical ileus and peritonitis. For histological examination, fragments of the intestinal wall were sampled 1 cm above the site of the obstruction with mechanical ileus and the portion of the small intestine with peritonitis. Statistical processing was performed in an Excel package using parametric statistics methods. It was stated that with mechanical ileus purulent inflammation develops in the intestine wall beginning from the mucous membrane spreading over wall thickness which can cause its destruction within 48 hours; with dynamical ileus purulent inflammation develops in the intestine wall, it captures particularly serous and muscle layers without causing violations of mucosa cover structure and without intestine wall destruction within 48 hours. Under experimental dynamic ileus, changes in the mucous membrane were reactive in nature and consisted of manifestations of compensatory-adaptive and regenerative processes in response to a violation of the trophism of various structures of the intestinal wall.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE SMALL INTESTINE OF RATS WITH ACUTE GENERALIZED PERITONITIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
I. Ya. Dzyubanovsky ◽  
B. M. Vervega ◽  
S. R. Pіdruchna ◽  
N. A. Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Generalized Peritonitis ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Fecal Suspension

The main cause of mortality in acute generalized peritonitis (AGP) is the development of multiple organ insufficiency. The intestine is the organ where the first changes develop in this pathology. The aim of the study – to research and evaluate the morphological changes in the small intestine wall of animals with experimental AGP. Materials and Methods. 32 white rats were used in this study. Acute peritonitis was modeled by introduction of 10 % fecal suspension in the dosage of 0.5 ml per 100 g of the animal's weight into the abdominal cavity of rats by puncture. The terms of observation: the 1st, 3rd and the 7th days from the beginning of the peritonitis modeling. For histological study the intestinal tissue was taken. The resulting pieces of the organ were fixed in a 10 % neutral formalin solution, which were then stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results and Discussion. On the 3rd day of the experiment in animals with a modeled AGP, vascular changes were manifested first of all by the rounding (retraction) of endothelial cells or their desquamation and the appearance of defects, that allow plasma proteins and the formed elements of blood to leave circulation boundaries of the vascular bed. On the 7 th day in animals with a modeled AGP increased vascular permeability of the mucous membrane of the small intestine was accompanied by a significant edema of the stroma of the villi and by focal hemorrhages. Conclusion. Consequently, the distinct inflammatory changes in all terms of the injury were seen in the wall of the small intestine at the simulated AGP. The significant expansion of the capillaries and venules against the background of inflammatory infiltration in the stroma of the glandular component of the small intestine was noted on the 1st day from the beginning of the experiment. An increase in the height of intestinal villus and a crypt with retraction and desquamation of endothelial cells in the wall of vessels, which caused platelet adhesion in the areas of destruction was observed on the 3rd day. The areas of focal necrosis of the superficial epithelium, which were accompanied by multiple hemorrhages per diapedesis in the perivascular space of the mucous membrane, were seen in the wall of the small intestine of animals with a simulated AGP on the 7th day.

scholarly journals Prospects of Intraoperative Multimodal OCT Application in Patients With Acute Mesenteric Ischemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Kiseleva ◽  
Maxim Ryabkov ◽  
Mikhail Baleev ◽  
Evgeniya Bederina ◽  
Pavel Shilyagin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serous Membrane ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Introduction: Despite the introduction of increasingly multifaceted diagnostic techniques and the general progress of emergency abdominal and vascular surgery, the outcome of treatment of patients with acute impaired intestinal circulation remains unsatisfactory. The non-invasive and high-resolution technique of optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used intraoperatively to assess intestine viability and associated conditions that frequently emerge under conditions of impaired blood circulation. This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of multimodal (MM) OCT for intraoperative diagnostics of both the microstructure (cross-polarization OCT mode) and microcirculation (OCT angiography mode) of the small intestine wall in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI). Methods and Participants: A total of 18 patients were enrolled in the study. Nine of them suffered from AMI in segments II-III of the superior mesenteric artery (AMI group), where the ischemic segments of the intestine were examined. Nine others were operated for adenocarcinoma of the colon (control group), thus allowing areas of their normal small intestine to be examined for comparison. Data on the microstructure and microcirculation in the walls of the small intestine were obtained intraoperatively from the side of the serous membrane using the MM OCT system (IAP RAS, Russia) before bowel resection. The MM OCT data were compared with the results of histological examination. Results: The study finds that MM OCT visualized the damage to serosa, muscularis externa, and blood vessels localized in these layers in 100% of AMI cases. It also visualized the submucosa in 33.3% of AMI cases. The MM OCT image of non-ischemic (control group), viable ischemic and necrotic small intestines (AMI group) differed significantly across stratification of the distinguishable layers, the severity of intermuscular fluid accumulations and the type and density of the vasculature. Conclusion: The MM OCT diagnostic procedure optimally meets the requirements of emergency surgery. Data on the microstructure and microcirculation of the intestinal wall can be obtained simultaneously in real time without requiring contrast agent injections. The depth of visualization of the intestinal wall from the side of the serous membrane is sufficient to assess the volume of the affected tissues. However, the methodology for obtaining MM OCT data needs to be improved to minimize the motion artefacts generated in actual clinical conditions.

scholarly journals The morphological changes relationship in the small intestine mucous membrane with the dynamics of the enterocyte’s membranes polypeptide composition in cattle during the fetal period of their ontogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
D. M. Masiuk
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Polypeptide Composition ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Molecular Weights

The article presents current data on the relationship of morphological changes in the jejenum intestine mucous membrane with the dynamics of the polypeptide composition in the cattle enterocytes membranes during the fetal period of ontogenesis. The study was carried out on 80 fetuses of Holstein cattle, aged 2–9 months, with a body weight of 0.6–39 kg. It was found that during the fetal period of ontogenesis, structural transformations took place in the jejunal mucous membrane of cattle, characterized by intense morphofunctional changes in its structural components. The polypeptide composition of the jejunal enterocytes plasma membrane in cattle during the fetal period of ontogenesis was determined, in particular, in the apical and basolateral membranes, respectively, 27 and 25 protein fractions with a molecular weight of 9.6–14.2 kDa to 300 kDa were found, respectively. With the help of the correlation analysis for the received data, reliable interconnections of morphological changes in the jejunal mucous layer with the dynamics of the polypeptide composition of the cattle enterocyte’s membranes during the fetal period of ontogenesis were obtained. It has been proven that the thickness of the intestinal wall with villi and the mucous membrane with villi is directly related to the content of proteins with a molecular weight of 250 kDa and 155 kDa on the apical domain of enterocytes (P ≤ 0.01–0.001). The height of the villi is associated only with the content of polypeptides with a molecular weight of 250 kDa and 155 kDa (P ≤ 0.05–001) in the apical membrane and is inversely related to the content of polypeptides with a molecular weight of 9.6–14.2 kDa, 21 kDa, 22.5 kDa, 26 kDa, 33 kDa, 35 kDa, 170–185 kDa (P ≤ 0.01–0.001). The width of the villi is related to the content on the apical membrane of proteins with a molecular weight of 170–185 kDa and 21 kDa (P ≤ 0.05–0.01). The thickness of the intestinal wall with villi and mucous membrane with villi is associated with the content of proteins with molecular weights 155 kDa, 100 kDa, 87 kDa, 66 kDa, 52 kDa) and 43 kDa (P ≤ 0.05–0.001) on the basolateral domain of enterocytes and inversely dependent on the content of polypeptides with molecular weights of 19 kDa, 21 kDa and 31 kDa (P ≤ 0.05). The height of enterocyte villi is directly related to the content of polypeptides with a molecular weight of 155 kDa and 52 kDa (P ≤ 0,05–0,01) in the basolateral membrane and is inversely dependent on the content of polypeptides with a molecular weight of 24 kDa, 22.5 kDa and 17 kDa (P ≤ 0.05–0.001). The width of the villi of enterocytes is reliably inversely related only to the content of proteins with a molecular weight of 155 kDa on the basolateral membrane (P ≤ 0.05).

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE SMALL INTESTINE IN ACUTE STRANGULATIVE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION IN THE STAGE OF DECOMPOSITION IN CHILDREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Solovev ◽  
I. V. Vasin ◽  
O. А. Kul’chitskij
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Intestinal Necrosis ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Intestinal Strangulation ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Adhesive Obstruction

Purpose. The purpose was to determine the depth and prevalence of pathomorphological changes in the small intestine of children at the distance from the visible border of necrosis with decompensated acute strangulated intestinal obstruction (ASIO) to determine the minimum possible length of intestinal resection.Material and methods. Morphological studies of a resected fragment of the small intestine were performed in 24 children aged 3 days to 18 years who had undergone a surgery for ASIO with intestinal necrosis. Strangulated adhesive obstruction was found in 17 children, five children had congenital intestine torsion and two children faced small intestinal strangulation in the congenital mesenteric defect. The postsurgical material was studied morphologically using histological stains with the distance of 3 cm between the section.Results. The depth, prevalence of the morphological changes in the small intestinal wall, intensity and length of morphological changes in children with decompensated ASIO were determined.Conclusion. A differentiated approach to the selection of resection scope in the proximal and distal directions from the visible border of ASIO-related necrosis is necessary. The distances are twice shorter in children as compared to adults. Refusal from extensive resections will enable to reduce the rate of short bowel syndrome in children.

scholarly journals Intestinal mucosal lymphocytes in neonatal sepsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Kh. S. Khaertynov ◽  
V. A. Anokhin ◽  
G. R. Burganova ◽  
G. O. Pevnev ◽  
M. O. Mavlikeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocytes

We studied the autopsy material obtained from 7 children who died in the neonatal period in order to evaluate the composition of lymphocytes of the intestinal mucosa against the background of morphological changes in the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract in newborns with sepsis. The main group consisted of 4 children with neonatal sepsis, the control group – of 3 newborns who died from other causes. The research material included the specimen of the small and large intestine.Results. Small intestine: it was found that there were less CD4 + lymphocytes in the small intestinal mucosa in the group of children who died from neonatal sepsis in 75% of cases than in the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.1). There were no differences in the number of CD8 + and CD20 + cells in the studied groups. Large intestine: the number of CD4 + lymphocytes of the mucous membrane of the colon was greater in the main group of children than in the control group (p=0.03). An increase in the number of CD4 + cells was registered in 3 of 4 cases of neonatal sepsis. The number of CD8+ and CD20+ lymphocytes in the studied groups was the same (р>0.05).Conclusion. The increase in T-lymphocytes CD4+ in the mucous membrane of the large intestine is probably connected with the antigenic stimulation of opportunistic intestinal bacteria. We found no morphological signs of the suppression of the cells of adaptive immunity associated with the intestinal mucosa. 

scholarly journals Morphological features of the large intestine in experimental acute generalized peritonitis against the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
B. M. Verveha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
The Third ◽  
Acute Peritonitis ◽  
Perivascular Edema ◽  
Fecal Suspension ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

The work is a fragment of the research project “Pathogenetic features of the allergic and inflammatory processes course and their pharmacocorrection”, conducted by the Department of Pathological Physiology, Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University (state registration No. 0116U004503). The aim of the work: to study the morphological features of the colon in the dynamics of the development of experimental acute peritonitis on the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods. The experiment used 48 white male rats. Diabetes mellitus in experimental animals was simulated by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (Sigma) at a rate of 60 mg/kg, acute disseminated peritonitis – the introduction of 0.5 ml of 10 % filtered fecal suspension into the abdominal cavity. A morphological study of the colon in animals removed from the experiment on the first, third and seventh days of acute peritonitis on the background of concomitant diabetes mellitus was performed. Results and Discussion. Morphological examination of the colon of animals on the first day of experimental acute peritonitis in conditions of concomitant streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus revealed an increase in the size of the crypts due to stroma edema and lymphohistiocytic infiltration, slight perivascular edema in the subclavian edema. On the third day, thickening of the mucous membrane of the colon, a sharp increase in the depth of the crypts, uneven blood supply to the vessels in the submucosal layer with a predominance of perivascular edema were verified. On the seventh day, a decrease in the thickness of the mucous membrane due to the expansion of the crypts was visualized. Part of the epitheliocytes was in a phase of increased secretory activity, the other part was dystrophically altered, which stimulated increased lymphocytic and histiocytic infiltration. These changes were accompanied by activation of reactive processes and hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles on the first day of peritonitis on the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, and as the severity of purulent inflammation – hypoplasia of the lymphoid tissue and a decrease in local reactivity(the third and seventh days of the development of acute peritoneal burning in conditions of combined pathology).

scholarly journals Prospects of Intraoperative Multimodal OCT Application in Patients with Acute Mesenteric Ischemia

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 705
Author(s):  
Elena Kiseleva ◽  
Maxim Ryabkov ◽  
Mikhail Baleev ◽  
Evgeniya Bederina ◽  
Pavel Shilyagin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serous Membrane ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Introduction: Despite the introduction of increasingly multifaceted diagnostic techniques and the general advances in emergency abdominal and vascular surgery, the outcome of treatment of patients with acute impaired intestinal circulation remains unsatisfactory. The non-invasive and high-resolution technique of optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used intraoperatively to assess intestine viability and associated conditions that frequently emerge under conditions of impaired blood circulation. This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of multimodal (MM) OCT for intraoperative diagnostics of both the microstructure (cross—polarization OCT mode) and microcirculation (OCT angiography mode) of the small intestine wall in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI). Methods and Participants: A total of 18 patients were enrolled in the study. Nine of them suffered from AMI in segments II-III of the superior mesenteric artery (AMI group), whereby the ischemic segments of the intestine were examined. Nine others were operated on for adenocarcinoma of the colon (control group), thus allowing areas of their normal small intestine to be examined for comparison. Data on the microstructure and microcirculation in the walls of the small intestine were obtained intraoperatively from the side of the serous membrane using the MM OCT system (IAP RAS, Russia) before bowel resection. The MM OCT data were compared with the results of histological examination. Results: The study finds that MM OCT visualized the damage to serosa, muscularis externa, and blood vessels localized in these layers in 100% of AMI cases. It also visualized the submucosa in 33.3% of AMI cases. The MM OCT images of non-ischemic (control group), viable ischemic, and necrotic small intestines (AMI group) differed significantly across stratification of the distinguishable layers, the severity of intermuscular fluid accumulations, and the type and density of the vasculature. Conclusion: The MM OCT diagnostic procedure optimally meets the requirements of emergency surgery. Data on the microstructure and microcirculation of the intestinal wall can be obtained simultaneously in real time without requiring contrast agent injections. The depth of visualization of the intestinal wall from the side of the serous membrane is sufficient to assess the volume of the affected tissues. However, the methodology for obtaining MM OCT data needs to be improved to minimize the motion artefacts generated in actual clinical conditions.

scholarly journals The Role of Non-Invasive Markers of Enterocyte Damage and Increased Permeability in the Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
S.V. Bykova ◽  
◽  
E.A. Sabelnikova ◽  
A.A. Novikov ◽  
A.A. Babanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Tissue Transglutaminase ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Degree Of Damage

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy characterized by atrophy/damage to the mucous membrane of the small intestine in genetically susceptible individuals in response to gluten administration. In CD morphology, atrophy is the result of increased enterocyte apoptosis due to autoimmune inflammation. Since the enterocyte is an anatomical and functional unit of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, responsible for the barrier function and for the absorption of nutrients, to understand the pathogenesis of CD, the study of the processes of restoration of the mucosa is of paramount importance. Antibodies to tissue transglutaminase, antibodies to deamidated gliadin peptides, antibodies to endomysium, which are used to monitor disease activity and represent the body's immune response, can only indirectly indicate the degree of damage/recovery of enterocytes. During histological examination it is not always possible to assess the degree of damage at the cellular level, taking into account the complexity of the interpretation of morphological changes and patchiness of mucosa damage. In recent years, researchers have paid much attention to new markers of mucosa permeability, which include: I-FABP − a marker reflecting damage to enterocytes, citrulline − a marker of the functional mass of enterocytes, zonulin − a marker of increased mucosa permeability and alpha-1-antitrypsin − a marker reflecting the failure of the barrier function of the small intestine and protein loss. Using of these markers will help optimize the algorithm for non-invasive diagnostics of CD, improve monitoring of disease activity, and will also usefull for understanding the processes of mucosa recovery.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE MUSCLE LAYERS OF SMALL INTESTINE IN THE SHORT BOWEL SYNDROME IN EXPERIMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
R. R. Khasanov ◽  
D. Svoboda ◽  
M. Kohl ◽  
Aytbai А. Gumerov ◽  
V. S. Vagapova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Short Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Intestinal Adaptation ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer ◽  
Short Bowel ◽  
Intestinal Functions

Introduction. Patients with the short bowel syndrome often have intestinal dilatation which impairs intestinal functions. Changes in the muscle intestinal layers, which cause this condition, are not studied well yet. Purpose. To study the role of small intestine muscle layers in the intestinal adaptation and dilatation in the short bowel syndrome. Materials and methods. 22 rats were taken into the experimental trial; short bowel syndrome was modelled in 12 of them; 10 other rats which had only laparotomy were in the control group. The diameter and thickness of muscle layers in the small intestine and ileum were studied. Results. In the short bowel syndrome, one can observe a significant dilatation of the small intestine and ileum. Thickness of longitudinal and circular layers of the small intestine was significantly larger in rats with the short bowel syndrome in comparison to the control group. In the ileum, only the circular muscle layer was hypertrophied; there was no difference in the thickness of longitudinal muscle layer in rats with the short bowel syndrome and in rats from the control group. Conclusion. In rats with the short bowel syndrome, morphological changes occur not only in the mucous layer, but also in muscle layers of the small intestine what is manifested by the intestinal dilatation and hypertrophy of muscle layers. These changes are results of intestinal adaptation and are pathophysiological for the short bowel syndrome.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document