Yield, water use, and nutrient uptake of corn hybrids under varied irrigation and nitrogen regimes

SummaryAutomatic mobile shelters were used to keep rain off a barley crop in a drought experiment. The treatments ranged from no water during the growing season to regular weekly irrigation. This paper reports the effect of drought on the harvest yield and its components, on water use and nutrient uptake.Drought caused large decreases in yield, and affected each component of the grain yield. The magnitude of each component varied by up to 25% between treatments, and much of the variation could be accounted for by linear regression against the mean soil water deficit in one of three periods. For the number of grains per ear, the relevant period included tillering and ear formation; for the number of ears per unit ground area, the period included stem extension and tiller death; for grain mass, the period included grain filling.The harvest yields were linearly related to water use, with no indication of a critical period of drought sensitivity. The relation of grain yield to the maximum potential soil water deficit did show that a prolonged early drought had an exceptionally large effect on both yield and water use.Two unsheltered irrigation experiments, also on barley, were made in the same year on a nearby site. The effects of drought on yield in these experiments were in good agreement with the effects observed on the mobile shelter site.When fully irrigated, the small plots under the mobile shelters used water 11% faster than larger areas of crop, because of advection. The maximum depth from which water was extracted was unaffected by the drought treatment. When 50% of the available soil water had been used the uptake rate decreased, but the maximum depth of uptake continued to increase.Measurements of crop nutrients at harvest showed that nitrogen uptake was large, because of site history, and that phosphate uptake was decreased by drought to such an extent that phosphate shortage may have limited yield.

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ROOT DISTRIBUTION, WATER USE, AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF MILLET AND GRAIN SORGHUM ON WEST AFRICAN SOILS

Soil Science ◽

10.1097/00010694-199406000-00007 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 157 (6) ◽

pp. 379-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C. G. L. ZAONGO ◽

L. R. HOSSNER ◽

C. W. WENDT

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Water Use ◽

Root Distribution ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

West African ◽

Distribution Water

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Effects of Temperature and Grafting on Yield, Nutrient Uptake, and Water Use Efficiency of a Hydroponic Sweet Pepper Crop

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9020110 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 110 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Andreas Ropokis ◽

Georgia Ntatsi ◽

Constantinos Kittas ◽

Nikolaos Katsoulas ◽

Dimitrios Savvas

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Water Use ◽

Total Yield ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Winter Climate ◽

Mild Winter ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

The Impact

In areas characterized by mild winter climate, pepper is frequently cultivated in unheated greenhouses in which the temperature during the winter may drop to suboptimal levels. Under low temperature (LT) conditions, the uptake of nutrients may be altered in a different manner than that of the water and thus their uptake ratio, known as uptake concentration, may be different than in greenhouses with standard temperature (ST) conditions. In the present study, pepper plants of the cultivars “Sammy” and “Orangery”, self-grafted or grafted onto two commercial rootstocks (“Robusto” and “Terrano”), were cultivated in a greenhouse under either ST or LT temperature conditions. The aim of the study was to test the impact of grafting and greenhouse temperature on total yield, water use efficiency, and nutrient uptake. The LT regime reduced the yield by about 50% in “Sammy” and 33% in “Orangery”, irrespective of the grafting combination. Grafting of “Sammy” onto both “Robusto” and “Terrano” increased the total fruit yield by 39% and 34% compared with the self-grafted control, while grafting of “Orangery” increased the yield only when the rootstock was “Terrano”. The yield increase resulted exclusively from enhancement of the fruit number per plant. Both the water consumption and the water use efficiency were negatively affected by the LT regime, however the temperature effect interacted with the rootstock/scion combination. The LT increased the uptake concentrations (UC) of K, Ca, Mg, N, and Mn, while it decreased strongly that of P and slightly the UC of Fe and Zn. The UC of K and Mg were influenced by the rootstock/scion combination, however this effect interacted with the temperature regime. In contrast, the Ca, N, and P concentrations were not influenced by the grafting combination. The results of the present study show that the impact of grafting on yield and nutrient uptake in pepper depend not merely on the rootstock genotype, however on the rootstock/scion combination.

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YIELD, WATER USE AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF A TOMATO CROP GROWN ON COCONUT COIR DUST

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2005.697.7 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 73-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Rincón ◽

A. Pérez ◽

A. Abadia ◽

C. Pellicer

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Water Use ◽

Tomato Crop ◽

Coir Dust ◽

Coconut Coir

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Effect of dripvis-à-vissurface irrigation on fruit yield, nutrient uptake, water use efficiency and quality of banana in Gangetic plain of West Bengal

Indian Journal of Horticulture ◽

10.5958/0974-0112.2015.00002.x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Sanjit Pramanik ◽

S.K. Patra

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Water Use ◽

West Bengal ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Gangetic Plain ◽

Use Efficiency

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Water use efficiency and yield of cowpea and nutrient loss in lysimeter experiment under varying water table depth, irrigation schedules and irrigation method

SAARC Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.3329/sja.v14i2.31244 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 46-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Binny Dasila ◽

Veer Singh ◽

HS Kushwaha ◽

Ajaya Srivastava ◽

Shri Ram

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Water Use ◽

Water Table ◽

Root Length ◽

Water Table Depth ◽

Nutrient Loss ◽

Lysimeter Experiment ◽

Use Efficiency

Lysimeter experiment was conducted at Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar during summer season 2013 to study the effect of irrigation schedules and methods on yield, nutrient uptake and water use efficiency of cowpea as well as nutrient loss from silty clay loam soil under fluctuating water table conditions. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design having three irrigation schedules at IW/CPE ratio of 0.3. 0.2 and 0.15 with two irrigation methods (flood and sprinkler) and at 30±1.5, 60±1.5 and 90±1.5 cm water tables replicated thrice. Maximum root length (129.4 cm) and root length density (0.395 cm/cm3) were obtained when irrigation was scheduled at IW: CPE 0.3 associated with 30±1.5 cm water table depth using sprinkler method. Increase in water table depth and IW: CPE ratio decreased water use efficiency where IW: CPE 0.3 produced highest grain yield (1411.6 kg ha-1) with the WUE of 1.15 kg ha mm-1. Significant nutrients uptake response was observed owing to variation in water table depth, irrigation schedules and methods. Analysis of lysimeter leached water showed that with deep drainage and more IW:CPE, leaching losses of N,P and K were more however water applied through sprinkler saved 20.1, 53.7 and 24.4% N, P and K, respectively, over flooded method. Irrigation given at IW: CPE 0.3 through sprinkler form at 60±1.5 cm water table depth favours the higher grain yield and nutrient uptake by crop whereas flooded irrigation with deep water table condition accelerated nutrient leaching.SAARC J. Agri., 14(2): 46-55 (2016)

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Nutrient and Water Use of Fresh Market Spinach

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.23.3.325 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 325-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Aaron Heinrich ◽

Richard Smith ◽

Michael Cahn

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Water Use ◽

Aboveground Biomass ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Soil Nitrate ◽

Fresh Market ◽

K Uptake ◽

Central Coast ◽

Production Methods ◽

Initial Soil

In recent years, vegetable growers on the central coast of California have come under increasing regulatory pressure to improve nutrient management and reduce nitrate losses to ground and surface waters. To achieve this goal, growers must understand the nutrient uptake and water use characteristics of their crops. For fresh market spinach (Spinacia oleracea), production methods and cultivars have greatly changed in the last 10–15 years, and as a result, few publications are available on nutrient uptake by modern spinach production methods. This study evaluated nutrient uptake and water use by spinach to provide strategies to better manage nitrogen (N) fertilizer and irrigation applications. In 2011, four fertilizer trials and a survey of 11 commercial fields of spinach grown on high-density plantings on 80-inch beds were conducted on the central coast of California. During the first 2 weeks of the crop cycle, N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) uptake was 7.0, 0.6, and 7.2 lb/acre, respectively. In the subsequent 2–3 weeks before harvest the N, P, and K uptake rate was linear and was 4.3, 0.6, and 7.8 lb/acre per day, respectively. N uptake at harvest for the three commercial size categories baby, teenage, and bunch was 74, 91, and 120 lb/acre N, respectively. Of the N in aboveground biomass at harvest, 41% was left in the field following mechanical or hand harvest. Growers at 14 of 15 study sites applied on average 111% more N than was taken up in aboveground biomass at harvest. Results from four fertility trials showed that first crops of the season had low initial soil nitrate concentrations (≤10 ppm), and an at-planting fertilizer application was necessary for maximum yields. For fields following a previous crop (second- or third-cropped) with initial soil nitrate concentrations >20 ppm, at-planting and midseason fertilizer applications could be greatly reduced or eliminated without jeopardizing yield. Rooting depth and density evaluations at four sites showed that 95% of roots were located in the top 16 inches of soil at harvest. To mitigate environmentally negative N losses, the N use efficiency (NUE) can be increased by the use of soil testing done at two critical time points: at-planting and before the first midseason fertilizer application.

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