Unit responses in area 5b of the suprasylvian gyrus to stimulation of the ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus

1975 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-362
Author(s):  
D. P. Artemenko ◽  
T. M. Mamonets
Keyword(s):  
Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Suprasylvian Gyrus ◽  
Ventral Posterolateral Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Stimulation Of

Responses of Medullary Dorsal Horn Neurons to Corneal Stimulation by CO2 Pulses in the Rat

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 2092-2107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harumitsu Hirata ◽  
James W. Hu ◽  
David A. Bereiter
Keyword(s):  
Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

Corneal-responsive neurons were recorded extracellularly in two regions of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, subnucleus interpolaris/caudalis (Vi/Vc) and subnucleus caudalis/upper cervical cord (Vc/C1) transition regions, from methohexital-anesthetized male rats. Thirty-nine Vi/Vc and 26 Vc/C1 neurons that responded to mechanical and electrical stimulation of the cornea were examined for convergent cutaneous receptive fields, responses to natural stimulation of the corneal surface by CO2 pulses (0, 30, 60, 80, and 95%), effects of morphine, and projections to the contralateral thalamus. Forty-six percent of mechanically sensitive Vi/Vc neurons and 58% of Vc/C1 neurons were excited by CO2 stimulation. The evoked activity of most cells occurred at 60% CO2 after a delay of 7–22 s. At the Vi/Vc transition three response patterns were seen. Type I cells ( n = 11) displayed an increase in activity with increasing CO2 concentration. Type II cells ( n = 7) displayed a biphasic response, an initial inhibition followed by excitation in which the magnitude of the excitatory phase was dependent on CO2 concentration. A third category of Vi/Vc cells (type III, n = 3) responded to CO2 pulses only after morphine administration (>1.0 mg/kg). At the Vc/C1 transition, all CO2-responsive cells ( n = 15) displayed an increase in firing rates with greater CO2 concentration, similar to the pattern of type I Vi/Vc cells. Comparisons of the effects of CO2 pulses on Vi/Vc type I units, Vi/Vc type II units, and Vc/C1 corneal units revealed no significant differences in threshold intensity, stimulus encoding, or latency to sustained firing. Morphine (0.5–3.5 mg/kg iv) enhanced the CO2-evoked activity of 50% of Vi/Vc neurons tested, whereas all Vc/C1 cells were inhibited in a dose-dependent, naloxone-reversible manner. Stimulation of the contralateral posterior thalamic nucleus antidromically activated 37% of Vc/C1 corneal units; however, no effective sites were found within the ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus or nucleus submedius. None of the Vi/Vc corneal units tested were antidromically activated from sites within these thalamic regions. Corneal-responsive neurons in the Vi/Vc and Vc/C1 regions likely serve different functions in ocular nociception, a conclusion reflected more by the difference in sensitivity to analgesic drugs and efferent projection targets than by the CO2 stimulus intensity encoding functions. Collectively, the properties of Vc/C1 corneal neurons were consistent with a role in the sensory-discriminative aspects of ocular pain due to chemical irritation. The unique and heterogeneous properties of Vi/Vc corneal neurons suggested involvement in more specialized ocular functions such as reflex control of tear formation or eye blinks or recruitment of antinociceptive control pathways.

Changes in the response properties of neurons in the ventroposterior lateral thalamic nucleus of the raccoon after peripheral deafferentation

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2441-2450 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Rasmusson
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Sensory Pathways ◽  
Average Latency ◽  
Somatotopic Map ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Single neurons in the ventroposterior lateral thalamic nucleus were studied in 10 anesthetized raccoons, 4 of which had undergone amputation of the fourth digit 4-5 mo before recording. Neurons with receptive fields on the glabrous skin of a forepaw digit were examined in response to electrical stimulation of the “on-focus” digit that contained the neuron's receptive field and stimulation of an adjacent, “off-focus” digit. 2. In normal raccoons all neurons responded to on-focus stimulation with an excitation at a short latency (mean 13 ms), whereas only 63% of the neurons responded to off-focus digit stimulation. The off-focus responses had a longer latency (mean 27.2 ms) and a higher threshold than the on-focus responses (800 and 452 microA, respectively). Only 3 of 32 neurons tested with off-focus stimulation had both a latency and a threshold within the range of on-focus values. Inhibition following the excitation was seen in the majority of neurons with both types of stimulation. 3. In the raccoons with digit removal, the region of the thalamus that had lost its major peripheral input (the “deafferented” region) was distinguished from the normal third and fifth digit regions on the basis of the sequence of neuronal receptive fields within a penetration and receptive field size as described previously. 4. Almost all of the neurons in the deafferented region (91%) were excited by stimulation of one or both adjacent digits. The average latency for these responses was shorter (15.3 ms) and the threshold was lower than was the case with off-focus stimulation in control animals. These values were not significantly different from the responses to on-focus stimulation in the animals with digit amputation. 5. These results confirm that reorganization of sensory pathways can be observed at the thalamic level. In addition to the changes in the somatotopic map that have been shown previously with the use of mechanical stimuli, the present paper demonstrates an improvement in several quantitative measures of single-unit responses. Many of these changes suggest that this reorganization could be explained by an increased effectiveness of preexisting, weak connections from the off-focus digits; however, the increase in the proportion of neurons responding to stimulation of adjacent digits may indicate that sprouting of new connections also occurs.

scholarly journals Deep brain stimulation of the ventralis oralis anterior thalamic nucleus is effective for dystonic tremor

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
L. Mongardi ◽  
V. Rispoli ◽  
A. Scerrati ◽  
F. Giordano ◽  
J.G. Capone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Anterior Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Dystonic Tremor ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Electrical responses to limbic and thalamic stimulation in the unrestrained hooded rat

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (5) ◽  
pp. 796-798
Author(s):  
Lucy Birzis
Keyword(s):  
Limbic System ◽  
Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Thalamic Stimulation ◽  
Fast Activity ◽  
Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Slow Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

A procedure for implanting cortical and subcortical brain electrodes in young hooded rats is described. In unrestrained rats, cortical activity showed patterns of high voltage slow activity or low voltage fast activity correlated with quiet or alert states, respectively. Typical recruiting responses were elicited by stimulation of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus. Low intensity stimulation of the limbic system produced an electrical response similar to thalamocortical recruiting, and higher intensity stimulation induced a seizure discharge in the limbic circuit with accompanying behavioral signs of excitement and hypermotility. Neither ongoing electrical activity, nor thresholds or amplitudes of response to stimulation of thalamus or limbic system were observably different after a period of 8 weeks of active growth of the rats.

Combined Deep Brain Stimulation of Subthalamic Nucleus and Ventral Intermediate Thalamic Nucleus in Tremor‐Dominant Parkinson's Disease Using a Parietal Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Neudorfer ◽  
Markus Hinzke ◽  
Stefan Hunsche ◽  
Faycal El Majdoub ◽  
Andres Lozano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Clinical Outcome of Patients with Deep Brain Stimulation of the Centromedian Thalamic Nucleus for Refractory Epilepsy and Location of the Active Contacts

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung-chul Son ◽  
Young Min Shon ◽  
Jin-gyu Choi ◽  
Jiyeon Kim ◽  
Sang-woo Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Cingulate cortex response to electrical stimulation of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

1985 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Sikes ◽  
Jon F. DeFrance
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Stimulation Of

Control of tremor and involuntary movement disorders by chronic stereotactic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus

1992 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Blond ◽  
Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre ◽  
Fabrice Parker ◽  
Richard Assaker ◽  
Henri Petit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Involuntary Movement ◽  
Rebound Effect ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stimulation Of

✓ The authors report on the long-term results of chronic stereotactic stimulation of the ventralis intermedius thalamic nucleus performed in 14 cases of disabling and intractable tremor. There were 10 patients with parkinsonian tremor and four with essential tremor. Three of the 10 parkinsonian patients had previously undergone contralateral thalamotomy. Tremor was assessed by clinical evaluation, surface electromyography, accelerometer, and videotape recordings before and after stimulation. The deep-brain electrode was implanted in the ventralis intermedius nucleus according to stereotactic procedure and connected to a subcutaneous pulse generator after a stimulation test period. Tremor suppression or reduction was obtained in all cases with high-frequency (130 Hz) stimulation. Marked functional improvement was maintained in 11 patients with a mean follow-up interval of 17 months. Levodopa-induced dyskinesias observed in five parkinsonian patients prior to surgery were improved or suppressed in four cases by thalamic stimulation. Stimulation was continued during the day and stopped at night in eight cases. Six patients were stimulated night and day to avoid a rebound effect which appeared as soon as the pulse generator was stopped. The only side effects were hand tonic posture in one case and persistent paresthesia in another case. The mechanism of action of this attractive treatment may be a functional alteration of the thalamic discharging area. The authors conclude that this technique is a good alternative to thalamotomy, especially when the risks of high-frequency coagulation are severe in frail and older patients.

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