Rubratoxin production by penicillium rubrum when grown in a synthetic medium containing different sources of carbon and nitrogen

Assessment of different sources of carbon and nitrogen in terms of dry weight biomass of four selected aquatic hyphomycetes viz; Flagellospora penicilloides Ingold, Pestalotiopsis submersus Sati and Tiwari, Tetrachaetum elegans Ingold and Tetracladium marchalianum De Wildeman was made for their nutritional requirements. Eight carbon sources and ten nitrogen sources were singly added to the basal media in order to provide 4g of carbon and 1g of nitrogen per litre of distilled water. Among carbon compounds glucose and sucrose were found to be most suitable sources of carbon for all the four fungal isolates, where as fructose proved good for T. marchalianum, P. submersus and F.penicilloides fairly. Cellulose was found a poor source of carbon for the growth of all these isolates. The inorganic sources of nitrogen were found as good nitrogen sources with preference for ammonium ions. Suitability of amino acids was found variable from species to species for nitrogen. T.elegans and T.marchalianum had their maximum growth in asparagines, whereas, P. submersus had their highest growth in proline. Cysteine was observed as a good source of nitrogen for almost all the fungal isolates used. Anova calculated for these observed data showed significant variations in the dry weight production of different fungal species grown in different sources of carbon and nitrogen(P<0.01).

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Optimization of Propagation Medium for Enhanced Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production by Pseudomonas oleovorans

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation8010016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Daniela Chmelová ◽

Barbora Legerská ◽

Miroslav Ondrejovič ◽

Stanislav Miertuš

Keyword(s):

Biomass Yield ◽

Synthetic Medium ◽

Ammonium Phosphate ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Pseudomonas Oleovorans ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Medium Chain Length ◽

Propagation Medium ◽

Carbon Excess

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) represent a promising alternative to commercially used petroleum-based plastics. Pseudomonas oleovorans is a natural producer of medium-chain-length PHA (mcl-PHA) under cultivation conditions with nitrogen limitation and carbon excess. Two-step cultivation appears to be an efficient but more expensive method of PHA production. Therefore, the aim of this work was to prepare a minimal synthetic medium for maximum biomass yield and to optimize selected independent variables by response surface methodology (RSM). The highest biomass yield (1.71 ± 0.04 g/L) was achieved in the optimized medium containing 8.4 g/L glucose, 5.7 g/L sodium ammonium phosphate and 35.4 mM phosphate buffer. Under these conditions, both carbon and nitrogen sources were completely consumed after 48 h of the cultivation and the biomass yield was 1.7-fold higher than in the conventional medium recommended by the literature. This approach demonstrates the possibility of using two-stage PHA cultivation to obtain the maximum amount of biomass and PHA.

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PROTEINASE PRODUCTION IN RELATION TO GROWTH OF A MICROCOCCUS SPECIES

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m61-015 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 111-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

I. J. McDonald

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Glutamic Acid ◽

Yeast Extract ◽

Synthetic Medium ◽

Sole Source ◽

Proteinase Production ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Stimulation Of

Production of proteinase(s) by a Micrococcus sp. (A.T.C.C. No. 407) in general was related to the amount of growth. However, addition of 2% sodium chloride to tryptone yeast extract broth resulted in an apparent stimulation of proteinase production without an increase in growth. The salt apparently protected the enzyme since it was found that proteinase preparations were inactivated less rapidly in the presence than in the absence of salt. Although the organism did not require carbohydrate for growth, it utilized maltose but not glucose or other carbohydrates. In the presence of maltose, growth and proteinase production were stimulated. The organism produced proteinase on a minimal synthetic medium containing glutamic acid as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen.

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A novel thermostable alkaline histamine oxidase from Glutamicibacter sp. N1A3101, induced by histamine and its analogue betahistine

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-020-01115-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hossein Sadeghi ◽

Sareh Arjmand ◽

Seyed Omid Ranaei Siadat ◽

Jamshid Fooladi ◽

Gholamhossein Ebrahimipour

Keyword(s):

Amine Oxidase ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Amine Oxidases ◽

Oxidation Activity ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Toxicological Effects ◽

Organic Bases ◽

Oxidase Enzyme ◽

Natural Amino Acids ◽

Different Sources

Abstract Biogenic amines (BAs) are low molecular weight organic bases formed by natural amino acids decarboxylation and trigger an array of toxicological effects in humans and animals. Bacterial amine oxidases enzymes are determined as practical tools to implement the rapid quantification of BAs in foods. Our study set out to obtain a new efficient, amine oxidase enzyme for developing new enzyme-based quantification of histamine. The soils from different sources were screened using histamine as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, and histamine oxidase producing bacteria were selected and identified using specific primers for histamine oxidase (HOD) gene. The HOD gene of six strains, out of 26 isolated histamine-utilizing bacteria, were amplified using our designed primers. The HOD enzyme from Glutamicibacter sp. N1A3101, isolated from nettle soil, was found to be thermostable and showed the highest substrate specificity toward the histamine and with no detected activity in the presence of putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, and spermidine. Its oxidation activity toward tyramine was lower than other HOD reported so far. The isolated enzyme was stable at 60 °C for 30 min and showed pH stability ranging from 6 to 9. Furthermore, we indicated the induction of identified HOD activity in the presence of betahistine as well, with nearly equal efficiency and without the consumption of the substrate.

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Nutritional requirements for growth of fungal endophytes of grasses

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w98-004 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 231-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Walid Naffaa ◽

Catherine Ravel ◽

Jean-Jacques Guillaumin

Keyword(s):

Rapid Growth ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Poor Growth ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Different Sources ◽

Previous Group

Fifteen isolates of fungal endophytes of grasses were studied for their ability to metabolize different sources of carbon and nitrogen. These endophytes had been isolated from 12 different species of Poaceae and included Clavicipitaceae with or without a teleomorph (genera Epichloë and Neotyphodium, respectively) and species belonging to the genus Acremonium sensu stricto (Acremonium chilense-like). Pectin and cellulose as carbon sources and tryptophan and methionine as nitrogen sources appeared to support poorly the growth of most isolates. Hexoses, disaccharides, complex nitrogen sources, asparagine, and glutamine supported growth of all isolates. The isolates of genus Neotyphodium were characterized by limited growth whatever the substrate, the inhibition of their growth by high concentrations of glucose and fructose, and their inability to assimilate pentoses (xylose, arabinose) and nitrates. The isolates of genus Epichloë showed better growth than those of the previous group and their growth was not inhibited by high concentrations of glucose, but they were also unable to use pentoses. The Acremonium chilense-like isolates showed rapid growth and were distinguished by their ability to use the pentoses and nitrates. In contrast, they showed relatively poor growth on methionine and alanine as nitrogen sources. They showed the most rapid growth on high concentrations of glucose or fructose.Key words: carbon sources, nitrogen sources, Neotyphodium, Epichloë, Acremonium, grass endophytes.

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ENERGY AND NITROGEN REQUIREMENTS OF MICROCOCCUS ROSEUS

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m63-082 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 633-642 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. C. Eisenberg ◽

James B. Evans

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Species Recognition ◽

Synthetic Medium ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Sole Source ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Excellent Growth ◽

Micrococcus Roseus ◽

Do So

A collection of pink-pigmented micrococci has been studied and found to be a relatively homogeneous group that deserve species recognition as Micrococcus roseus. These organisms are salt-tolerant obligate aerobes that usually reduce nitrates and do not hydrolyze gelatin. They can utilize xylose, glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, sucrose, acetate, pyruvate, lactate, malate, succinate, and gluconate as carbon and energy sources. Most strains also can utilize arabinose, lactose, maltose, glycerol, mannitol, sorbitol, and propionate. A synthetic basal medium has been devised that will give excellent growth of these organisms with glutamic acid as the sole source of nitrogen, carbon, and energy. Two vitamins, biotin and thiamine, are required by all strains, and are the only vitamins in the synthetic medium that was used to study interrelationships between nitrogen and carbon sources. Ammonia can serve as the sole source of nitrogen when glucose, or certain other substrates, is the sole source of carbon and energy. Not all substrates that can supply energy in a complex medium can do so in the synthetic medium with ammonia as the sole source of nitrogen. Some amino acids in addition to glutamate have a limited ability to serve as a source of both carbon and nitrogen. The ability of individual amino acids to serve as a sole source of nitrogen depends upon the nature of the substrate that is present as a carbon and energy source.

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Interaction of 1,9-Dimethylmethylene Blue with Glycosaminoglycans

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/000456329403100206 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 147-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Janet E Stone ◽

Naseem Akhtar ◽

Stanley Botchway ◽

Charles A Pennock

Keyword(s):

Specific Binding ◽

False Negative ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Inorganic Analysis ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Negative Results ◽

False Negative Results ◽

Nitrogen Contents ◽

Different Sources ◽

Molar Extinction Coefficients

The specific binding of 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMB) with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was studied including molecular analysis of the GAG species using mass spectrometry. The dye solution was unstable under any storage conditions. Inorganic analysis showed that the purity of the dye was variable from different sources. False negative results could be obtained when using impure dye. Binding of the dye with GAG resulted in the formation of a complex with an absorption maximum at 525 nm. The absorbance of the complex was linearly correlated with GAG concentration up to 150mg/L. The specific molar extinction coefficients of individual GAG molecules were calculated in relation to the molar absorbance of the GAG-dye complex and the carbon and nitrogen contents of the GAGs. The results indicated that binding of dye occurred at both the ionized sulphate and carboxyl groups on the GAG molecules. Improvements of the DMB-binding method for the measurement of GAGs are suggested.

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A novel thermostable alkaline histamine oxidase from Glutamicibacter sp. N1A310, induced by histamine and its analogue betahistine

10.21203/rs.3.rs-61063/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hossein Sadeghi ◽

Sareh Arjmand ◽

Seyed Omid Ranaei Siadat ◽

Jamshid Fooladi ◽

Gholamhossein Ebrahimipour

Keyword(s):

Amine Oxidase ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Amine Oxidases ◽

Oxidation Activity ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Toxicological Effects ◽

Organic Bases ◽

Oxidase Enzyme ◽

Natural Amino Acids ◽

Different Sources

Abstract Biogenic amines (BAs) are low molecular weight organic bases formed by natural amino acids decarboxylation and trigger an array of toxicological effects in humans and animals. Bacterial amine oxidases enzymes are determined as practical tools to implement the rapid quantification of BAs in foods. Our study set out to obtain a new efficient, amine oxidase enzyme for developing new enzyme-based quantification of histamine. The soils from different sources were screened using histamine as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, and histamine oxidase producing bacteria were selected and identified using specific primers for histamine oxidase (HOD) gene. The HOD gene of six strains, out of 26 isolated histamine-utilizing bacteria, were amplified using our designed primers. The HOD enzyme from Glutamicibacter sp. N1A3101, isolated from nettle soil, was found to be thermostable and showed the highest substrate specificity toward the histamine and with no detected activity in the presence of putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, and spermidine. Its oxidation activity toward tyramine was lower than other HOD reported so far. The isolated enzyme was stable at 60 °C for 30 min and showed pH stability ranging from 6-9. Furthermore, we indicated the induction of identified HOD activity in the presence of betahistine as well, with nearly equal efficiency and without the consumption of the substrate.

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A novel thermostable alkaline histamine oxidase from Glutamicibacter sp. N1A310, induced by histamine and its analogue betahistine

10.21203/rs.3.rs-61063/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hossein Sadeghi ◽

Sareh Arjmand ◽

Seyed Omid Ranaei Siadat ◽

Jamshid Fooladi ◽

Gholamhossein Ebrahimipour

Keyword(s):

Amine Oxidase ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Amine Oxidases ◽

Oxidation Activity ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Toxicological Effects ◽

Organic Bases ◽

Oxidase Enzyme ◽

Natural Amino Acids ◽

Different Sources

Abstract Biogenic amines (BAs) are low molecular weight organic bases formed by natural amino acids decarboxylation and trigger an array of toxicological effects in humans and animals. Bacterial amine oxidases enzymes are determined as practical tools to implement the rapid quantification of BAs in foods. Our study set out to obtain a new efficient, amine oxidase enzyme for developing new enzyme-based quantification of histamine. The soils from different sources were screened using histamine as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, and histamine oxidase producing bacteria were selected and identified using specific primers for histamine oxidase (HOD) gene. The HOD gene of six strains, out of 26 isolated histamine-utilizing bacteria, were amplified using our designed primers. The HOD enzyme from Glutamicibacter sp. N1A3101, isolated from nettle soil, was found to be thermostable and showed the highest substrate specificity toward the histamine and with no detected activity in the presence of putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, and spermidine. Its oxidation activity toward tyramine was lower than other HOD reported so far. The isolated enzyme was stable at 60 °C for 30 min and showed pH stability ranging from 6–9. Furthermore, we indicated the induction of identified HOD activity in the presence of betahistine as well, with nearly equal efficiency and without the consumption of the substrate.

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