scholarly journals Growth responses of aquatic hyphomycetes to different sources of carbon and nitrogen

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraswati Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Aquatic Hyphomycetes ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Different Sources

Assessment of different sources of carbon and nitrogen in terms of dry weight biomass of four selected aquatic hyphomycetes viz; Flagellospora penicilloides Ingold, Pestalotiopsis submersus Sati and Tiwari, Tetrachaetum elegans Ingold and Tetracladium marchalianum De Wildeman was made for their nutritional requirements. Eight carbon sources and ten nitrogen sources were singly added to the basal media in order to provide 4g of carbon and 1g of nitrogen per litre of distilled water. Among carbon compounds glucose and sucrose were found to be most suitable sources of carbon for all the four fungal isolates, where as fructose proved good for T. marchalianum, P. submersus and F.penicilloides fairly. Cellulose was found a poor source of carbon for the growth of all these isolates. The inorganic sources of nitrogen were found as good nitrogen sources with preference for ammonium ions. Suitability of amino acids was found variable from species to species for nitrogen. T.elegans and T.marchalianum had their maximum growth in asparagines, whereas, P. submersus had their highest growth in proline. Cysteine was observed as a good source of nitrogen for almost all the fungal isolates used. Anova calculated for these observed data showed significant variations in the dry weight production of different fungal species grown in different sources of carbon and nitrogen(P<0.01).

Nutritional requirements for growth of fungal endophytes of grasses

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Naffaa ◽  
Catherine Ravel ◽  
Jean-Jacques Guillaumin
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Previous Group

Fifteen isolates of fungal endophytes of grasses were studied for their ability to metabolize different sources of carbon and nitrogen. These endophytes had been isolated from 12 different species of Poaceae and included Clavicipitaceae with or without a teleomorph (genera Epichloë and Neotyphodium, respectively) and species belonging to the genus Acremonium sensu stricto (Acremonium chilense-like). Pectin and cellulose as carbon sources and tryptophan and methionine as nitrogen sources appeared to support poorly the growth of most isolates. Hexoses, disaccharides, complex nitrogen sources, asparagine, and glutamine supported growth of all isolates. The isolates of genus Neotyphodium were characterized by limited growth whatever the substrate, the inhibition of their growth by high concentrations of glucose and fructose, and their inability to assimilate pentoses (xylose, arabinose) and nitrates. The isolates of genus Epichloë showed better growth than those of the previous group and their growth was not inhibited by high concentrations of glucose, but they were also unable to use pentoses. The Acremonium chilense-like isolates showed rapid growth and were distinguished by their ability to use the pentoses and nitrates. In contrast, they showed relatively poor growth on methionine and alanine as nitrogen sources. They showed the most rapid growth on high concentrations of glucose or fructose.Key words: carbon sources, nitrogen sources, Neotyphodium, Epichloë, Acremonium, grass endophytes.

scholarly journals Response of Cold-Tolerant Aspergillus spp. to Solubilization of Fe and Al Phosphate in Presence of Different Nutritional Sources

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rinu ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Malviya ◽  
Priyanka Sati ◽  
S. C. Tiwari ◽  
Anita Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Aluminium Phosphate ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

Three species of Aspergillus, namely, A. niger, A. glaucus and A. sydowii, isolated from soil samples collected from the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR), have been investigated for solubilization of aluminium phosphate and iron phosphate in the presence of different carbon and nitrogen sources. Preference of each fungal species varied for nitrogen and carbon sources, in terms of phosphate-solubilization. Among three species, Aspergillus niger gave the best results; it solubilized 32% and 8% of the supplemented aluminium phosphate and iron phosphate, respectively. The results indicated that the effect of carbon and nitrogen sources can influence the phosphate solubilizing efficiency of all the three Aspergillus spp. tested. All the three species were found to be plant-growth promoters in bioassays conducted under greenhouse conditions. The Al and Fe phosphate solubilization efficiency, investigated in the present study, is at the lower end of their previously reported tricalcium phosphate solubilization efficiency. The cultures are likely to have better field applications in agrobiotechnology, due to their potential towards solubilization of Al and Fe phosphates, which are known to have lower solubility through microbial activity.

Evaluation of the growth and sporulation of different entomopathogenic fungi in different liquid and solid media at varied concentrations

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 5459
Author(s):  
Chandra Teja K. ◽  
Rahman S. J.
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Virulent Strains

Entomopathogenic fungi like Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii are used in biological control of agricultural insect pests. Their specific mode of action makes them an effective alternative to the chemical Insecticides. Virulent strains of Entomopathogenic fungi are effectively formulated and used as bio-insecticides world-wide. Amenable and economical multiplication of a virulent strain in a large scale is important for them to be useful in the field. Culture media plays a major role in the large-scale multiplication of virulent strains of Entomopathogens. Different substrates and media components are being used for this purpose. Yet, each strain differs in its nutritional requirements for the maximum growth and hence it is necessary to standardize the right components and their optimum concentrations in the culture media for a given strain of Entomopathogen. In the current study, three different nitrogen sources and two different carbon sources were tried to standardize the mass multiplication media for seven test isolates of Entomopathogenic fungi. A study was also conducted to determine the ideal grain media for the optimum conidial yields of the test isolates. Yeast extract was found to be the best Nitrogen source for the isolates. The isolates tested, differed in their nutritional requirements and showed variation in the best nitrogen and carbon sources necessary for their growth. Variation was also found in the optimum concentration of both the ingredients for the growth and sporulation of the isolates. In the solid-state fermentation study, rice was found to be the best grain for the growth of most of the fungi followed by barley. The significance of such a study in the development of an effective Myco-insecticide is vital and can be successfully employed in agriculture is discussed.

scholarly journals Studies on the Role of the are a Gene in the Regulation of Nitrogen Catabolism in Aspergillus nidulans

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Regulatory Circuits ◽  
Specific Activities

Mutants of Apergillus nidulanswith lesions in a gene, areA (formerly called amdT), have been isolated by a variety of different selection methods. The areA mutants show a range of pleiotropic growth responses to a number of compounds as sole nitrogen sources, but are normal in utilization of carbon sources. The levels of two amidase enzymes as well as urease have been investigated in the mutants and have been shown to be affected by this gene. Most of the areA mutants have much lower amidase-specific activities when grown in ammonium-containing medium, compared with mycelium incubated in medium la9king a nitrogen source. Some of the areA. mutants do not show derepression of urease upon relief of ammonium repression. The dominance relationships of areA alleles have been investigated in� heterozygous diploids, and these studies lend support to the proposal that areA codes for a positively acting regulatory product. One of the new areA alleles is partially dominant to areA + and areA102. This may be a result of negative complementation or indicate that areA has an additional negative reiuIatory function. Investigation.of various amdR; areA double mutants has led to the conclusion that amdR and areA participate in independent regulatory circuits in the control of acetamide utilizatiol1. Studies on an amdRc; areA.double mutant indicate that areA is involved in derepression of acetamidase upon relief of ammo.nium repression.

scholarly journals β-Fructofuranosidase andβ–D-Fructosyltransferase from NewAspergillus carbonariusPC-4 Strain Isolated from Canned Peach Syrup: Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Enzyme Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Carvalho do Nascimento ◽  
Ryhára Dias Batista ◽  
Claudia Cristina Auler do Amaral Santos ◽  
Ezequiel Marcelino da Silva ◽  
Fabrício Coutinho de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Pure Carbon ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

β-fructofuranosidase (invertase) andβ-D-fructosyltransferase (FTase) are enzymes used in industrial processes to hydrolyze sucrose aiming to produce inverted sugar syrup or fructooligosaccharides. In this work, a blackAspergillussp. PC-4 was selected among six filamentous fungi isolated from canned peach syrup which were initially screened for invertase production. Cultivations with pure carbon sources showed that invertase and FTase were produced from glucose and sucrose, but high levels were also obtained from raffinose and inulin. Pineapple crown was the best complex carbon source for invertase (6.71 U/mL after 3 days of cultivation) and FTase production (14.60 U/mL after 5 days of cultivation). Yeast extract and ammonium chloride nitrogen sources provided higher production of invertase (6.80 U/mL and 6.30 U/mL, respectively), whereas ammonium nitrate and soybean protein were the best nitrogen sources for FTase production (24.00 U/mL and 24.90 U/mL, respectively). Fermentation parameters for invertase using yeast extract wereYP/S= 536.85 U/g andPP= 1.49 U/g/h. FTase production showed values ofYP/S= 2,627.93 U/g andPP= 4.4 U/h using soybean protein. The screening for best culture conditions showed an increase of invertase production values by 5.10-fold after 96 h cultivation compared to initial experiments (fungi bioprospection), while FTase production increased by 14.60-fold (44.40 U/mL) after 168 h cultivation.A. carbonariusPC-4 is a new promising strain for invertase and FTase production from low cost carbon sources, whose synthesized enzymes are suitable for the production of inverted sugar, fructose syrups, and fructooligosaccharides.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF MEDIUM COMPONENTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ECTOINE BY A HALOPHILIC BACTERIUM ISOLATED FROM CAN GIO MANGROVE

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Doan Van Thuoc ◽  
Tran Thi Hien
Keyword(s):  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Producer Strain ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
Growth Optimum ◽  
Fed Batch Fermentation ◽  
Can Gio Mangrove

The effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources on growth of producer strain was investigated. Sucrose and glucose were found to be suitable carbon sources, and monosodium glutamate was favorable nitrogen source for bacterial cell growth. Optimum salt concentrations for bacterial growth was ranged from 4 to 6%, whereas, NaCl concentrations from 12 to 15% found to be good for ectoine accumulation. Two-step fed-batch fermentation was then designed, biomass and ectoine content were significant increased, maximum CDW of 25 g/l and ectoine content of 10.3% were obtained. 

scholarly journals Characterization of a rare species of Neurospora isolated from a river water sample in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 685-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Yang ◽  
Siliang Huang ◽  
Yubian Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
River Water ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
River Water Sample

A fungal isolate (ZZS4408) was obtained from a river water sample in Henan, China, and identified as a member of Neurospora brevispora, a rare species of Neurospora based on its morphological characteristics and ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (rDNA-ITS) sequence. The temperatures suitable for growth of the isolate were 28-37?C with 31?C as the optimum. The growth rates of hyphal tips were 19.1-42.5 (av. 31.9) ?m min-1 at 32?C. The pH suitable for vegetative growth ranged from 5 to 7, with pH 5.5 as the optimum. The heterodisaccharides (sucrose and lactose) and D-alanine were found to be most favorable for vegetative growth of the isolate, as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The vegetative growth of the isolate was more significantly influenced by nitrogen sources compared to carbon sources. N. brevispora could be considered a desirable fungal species for morphodifferentiation studies due to its rapid growth rates under favorable conditions.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Atrazine by Agrobacterium radiobacter J14a and Use of This Strain in Bioremediation of Contaminated Soil

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 3368-3375 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Struthers ◽  
K. Jayachandran ◽  
T. B. Moorman
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Herbicide Atrazine ◽  
Lag Times ◽  
Chemical Distribution ◽  
Atrazine Degradation

ABSTRACT We examined the ability of a soil bacterium, Agrobacterium radiobacter J14a, to degrade the herbicide atrazine under a variety of cultural conditions, and we used this bacterium to increase the biodegradation of atrazine in soils from agricultural chemical distribution sites. J14a cells grown in nitrogen-free medium with citrate and sucrose as carbon sources mineralized 94% of 50 μg of [14C-U-ring]atrazine ml−1 in 72 h with a concurrent increase in the population size from 7.9 × 105 to 5.0 × 107 cells ml−1. Under these conditions cells mineralized the [ethyl-14C]atrazine and incorporated approximately 30% of the 14C into the J14a biomass. Cells grown in medium without additional carbon and nitrogen sources degraded atrazine, but the cell numbers did not increase. Metabolites produced by J14a during atrazine degradation include hydroxyatrazine, deethylatrazine, and deethyl-hydroxyatrazine. The addition of 105 J14a cells g−1 into soil with a low indigenous population of atrazine degraders treated with 50 and 200 μg of atrazine g−1soil resulted in two to five times higher mineralization than in the noninoculated soil. Sucrose addition did not result in significantly faster mineralization rates or shorten degradation lag times. However, J14a introduction (105 cells g−1) into another soil with a larger indigenous atrazine-mineralizing population reduced the atrazine degradation lag times below those in noninoculated treatments but did not generally increase total atrazine mineralization.

scholarly journals Effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on production of proteases by Bacillus subtilis IC-5

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Sereen Gul ◽  
Mujeeb Ur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Ajmal ◽  
Abdul Kabir Khan Achakzai ◽  
Asim Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Neutral Protease ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen Source ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

The effects of various carbon and nitrogen sources were evaluated on production of proteases by Bacillus subtilis IC-5. Both type and concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources influenced the production of proteases. Among the carbon sources glucose was found to be the most effective. It gave maximum production at 2% w/v concentration i.e., 1875 and 950 U/ml, alkaline and neutral protease, respectively. The response of Bacillus subtilis IC-5 towards synthesis and excretion of enzymes varied with the type of nitrogen sources. The addition of organic nitrogen sources to basal medium repressed the synthesis of proteases while the addition of inorganic nitrogen source such as sodium nitrate was found to be the best stimulating for alkaline and neutral protease synthesis. Sodium nitrate enhanced the production up to 62.40 and 10.52% of alkaline and neutral protease, respectively against w.r.t. control.

Biochemical transformations of herbicide-derived anilines in culture medium and in soil

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1857-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Bordeleau ◽  
R. Bartha
Keyword(s):  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

A correlation was established between peroxidase activity of soil and its capacity to transform 3,4-dichloroaniline, a breakdown product of several herbicides, to 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachloroazobenzene. Supplementation of soil by carbon and nitrogen sources for microbial growth stimulated both activities, and pointed to the microbial origin of soil peroxidases. Several peroxidase-producing bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi were isolated from soil and were characterized. On the basis of its rapid growth and high peroxidase activity, a Geotrichum candidum strain was selected for further study. The culture filtrate of this organism exhibited both peroxidase and aniline oxidase activity. The highest per milligram dry weight activity of these enzymes was observed after cultivation on a mineral salts medium supplemented with soil extract and yeast extract.

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