scholarly journals Die Follikelatresie während der Schwangerschaft, insbesondere die Hypertrophie und Hyperplasie der Theca interna-Zellen (Theca-Luteïnzellen) und ihre Beziehungen zur Corpus luteum-Bildung

1905 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwig Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Theca Interna

Memoirs: The Structure of the Ovary and the Formation of the Corpus Luteum in Hoplodactylus Maculatus, Gray

1940 ◽  
Vol s2-82 (326) ◽  
pp. 337-374
Author(s):  
MARY M. M. BOYD
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Egg Membrane ◽  
Theca Externa ◽  
Theca Interna

The structure of the ovary, including stages in the ripening of the oocytes, is described. A prolonged diplotene stage with ‘lamp-brush’ chromosomes is shown to occur in reptiles, as in other classes of vertebrates with large yolky eggs. The striated layer of the egg membrane is shown to be composed of the same cuticular substance as the zona pellucida. A follicular epithelium composed of three types of cells, later reduced to a single layer of small cells, agreeing with Loyez's observations, is described. A discontinuous theca interna, comparable with that of mammalia, is noted outside the membrana propria of the nearly ripe oocyte. A thin, soft, fibrous shell membrane is formed round the uterine egg and polyspermy occurs. The latebra, and the male and female pronuclei in apposition, are described. The corpus luteum is shown to consist of luteal cells invested by fibroblasts from the theca externa. Septa of fibroblasts are also present, but no blood-vessels. The theca is rich in capillaries. The theca interna plays no part in the development of the corpus luteum. A lipoid secretion, which may be of physiological importance, is formed in it. It is compared with that in Monotremes and Marsupials.

Embryo mortality and its prevention

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
A R Peters
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Theca Interna

The economic and biological significance of embryo mortality in cattle is well recognised. About 90% or more ova are fertilised at oestrus but only about 55% of dairy cows calve to first insemination (reviewed by Sreenan and Diskin, 1985). Of this 35% post fertilisation loss, most (25-30%) occurs within a cycle length therefore not affecting the time of return to the subsequent oestrus. It is also accepted that the maintenance of early pregnancy requires the secretion of progesterone by a viable corpus luteum and that premature luteolysis is the major cause of embryonic loss during these early days of pregnancy.The corpus luteum forms after ovulation from the cells of the granulosa and theca interna layers of the ovarian follicle. These are thought to differentiate into the large and small luteal cells respectively (Smith et al., 1994). The large cells secrete progesterone and oxytocin and are responsive to prostaglandin E whilst the small ones secrete progesterone and are responsive to LH (reviewed by Wiltbank, 1994).

scholarly journals The development and vascularisation of the corpus luteum in the mouse and rabbit

1930 ◽  
Vol 107 (748) ◽  
pp. 60-76 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Reasonable Doubt ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Theca Interna

The development of the corpus luteum from the ruptured follicle has been the subject of a very large number of memoirs. Of these the most important have been summarised by Van der Stricht (1912) up to 1912 and more recently by Hill and Gatenby (1926) and Corner (1919), so that no useful purpose would be served by recapitulating in detail the controversial discussions contained in them. Many of the older papers are not based on a complete series of early stages of early stages of corpora lutea, since either the material was not available, or else the writers were unable to diagnose accurately the time of œstus. Sobotta (1890, 1897), Cohn (1903), Marshall (1904, 1925), and van der Stricht 91912), however, drew their conclusions from a series of accurately dated ovaries, as have more recent workers (Cornern 1919; Drips, 1919; Hill and Gatenby, 1926; Kurashige, 1927; Long and Evans, 1922; and Watrin, 1924). It is now generally agreed-and has been shown conclusively in the work of Hill and Gatenby (1926)-that the lutein cells are formed by the enlargement of the follicullar epithelium. The fate of the theca interna cells, which surround the mature follicle prior to ovulation, is still a matter of dispute, and the problem is complicated by histological species differences. There seems no reasonable doubt, however, that these elements take part in the formation of the corpus luteum, since, in numerous cases, the typical fat containing cells, closely associated with the vascular connective tissue, can be distiguished among the follicular lutein cells after ovulation. It remains to be decided whether or not they persist as functional elements, and retain their individuality.

Embryo mortality and its prevention

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
A R Peters
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Theca Interna

The economic and biological significance of embryo mortality in cattle is well recognised. About 90% or more ova are fertilised at oestrus but only about 55% of dairy cows calve to first insemination (reviewed by Sreenan and Diskin, 1985). Of this 35% post fertilisation loss, most (25-30%) occurs within a cycle length therefore not affecting the time of return to the subsequent oestrus. It is also accepted that the maintenance of early pregnancy requires the secretion of progesterone by a viable corpus luteum and that premature luteolysis is the major cause of embryonic loss during these early days of pregnancy.The corpus luteum forms after ovulation from the cells of the granulosa and theca interna layers of the ovarian follicle. These are thought to differentiate into the large and small luteal cells respectively (Smith et al., 1994). The large cells secrete progesterone and oxytocin and are responsive to prostaglandin E whilst the small ones secrete progesterone and are responsive to LH (reviewed by Wiltbank, 1994).

Immunohistochemical localization of 17α-hydroxylase/C17–20 lyase and aromatase cytochrome P-450 in the human ovary during the menstrual cycle

1992 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tamura ◽  
J. Kitawaki ◽  
T. Yamamoto ◽  
Y. Osawa ◽  
S. Kominami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Human Ovary ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Theca Interna ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

ABSTRACT Immunohistochemical localization of 17α-hydroxylase/C17–20 lyase (P-45017α,lyase) and aromatase cytochrome P-450 (P-450arom) in normal human ovaries during the menstrual cycle was studied using specific polyclonal antibodies which were raised against corresponding enzymes. In the follicular phase of matured follicles, P-45017α,lyase was localized in theca interna cells and P-450arom in granulosa cells. P-45017α,lyase was expressed in theca interna cells before P-450arom was expressed in granulosa cells. The corpus luteum showed immunoreactivity to both enzymes and, after menstruation, immunoreactivity decreased gradually until it could not be detected in the corpus albicans. In corpus luteum graviditatis the immunoreactivity continued to be expressed strongly. In some atretic follicles, P-45017α,lyase and/or P-450arom continued to be expressed. In the stromal layer, P-45017α,lyase was detected in secondary interstitial cells, which originated from the theca interna of atretic follicles, and P-450arom was detected in hilar cells. Immunoreactivity to both enzymes was also detected in oocytes of developing follicles. These results are consistent with the two cell theory in the human ovary. They also suggest that androgens and oestrogens are produced not only by follicles and corpora lutea but also by stroma and oocytes. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 135, 589–595

scholarly journals Memoirs: On the Corpora Lutea and Interstitial Tissue of the Ovary in the Marsupialia

1916 ◽  
Vol s2-61 (244) ◽  
pp. 433-473
Author(s):  
CHAS. H. O'DONOGHUE
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Central Cavity ◽  
Satisfactory Account ◽  
Theca Interna

The Corpus Luteum (a) Follicular Wall--The membrana granulosa in the three species, P. cinereus, T. vulpecula, and D. aurita, is composed of typical polygonal cells arranged three or four cells deep around the ripe follicle. The theca folliculi also calls for no special comment in any case. It is composed of internal and external layers, does not contain any included interstitial cells, and its cells are always readily distinguishable from membrana granulosa cells. (b) The Formation of the Corpus Luteum--The corpus luteum in P. cinereus is formed by the irruption of both layers of the theca folliculi, which burst through the membrana granulosa and form a lining on its inner side. This method of formation is similar to that in P. obesula, P. nasuta, and M. ruficollis. The ripe follicle in T. vulpecula collapses when the ovum is extruded, and the central cavity is at once obliterated. The theca folliculi is drawn in with the membrana granulosa, which it penetrates, and the connective tissue becomes irregularly distributed through the body. It is unlike the process in any other marsupial so far examined, but to a certain extent resembles that in the mouse. In D. aurita the thecal irruptions do not at once go through the membrana granulosa, but push it before them until the central cavity is practically filled in, and then they break through and form the central plug of connective tissue. In one example, a very early stage, mitoses were found in the cells of the membrana granulosa, as was also the case in P. obesula and P. nasuta. (c) The fully formed Corpus Luteum.--The corpus luteum in P. cinereus remains hollow even when fully grown, and the central cavity does not get filled in until some time after the birth of the young, apparently not until the gland has started to decline. This condition is apparently unique. In T. vulpecula the corpus luteum is fairly typical when full grown, save that its connective tissue is much more irregularly arranged than in other marsupials. The condition of the corpus in D. aurita is very similar to that in D. viverrinus In no case is the membrana granulosa shed, nor does the theca interna contribute to the lutein cells of the corpus luteum. The Interstitial Tissue. There is present in the ovary of certain species of marsupials a tissue which corresponds histologically to the interstitial tissue in the ovary of the higher mammals. The cells are always distinguishable from ordinary stroma cells, cells of the theca interna, old lutein cells, or the cells of an atresic follicle, and there is no evidence that any of the last three are at any time transformed into interstitial cells. Such cells are present in the pouch young of T. vulpecula before they could have been derived from any of the sources suggested above. Interstitial tissue is to be regarded as a tissue suigeneris, although it is possible that it may originate from modified stroma cells at a very early stage. The tissue is irregularly distributed in the various species of marsupials, and it is worthy of note that it is present in all the Diprotodontia and absent in the Polyprotodontia so far examined. It may be present only as a few small groups of cells or in such quantity as to form by far the largest part of the bulk of the ovary, excluding corpora lutea, as, for example, in P. penicillata. The tissue has a typical glandular appearance, but no satisfactory account of its function has yet been put forward, and in view of this and its irregularity it is preferable not to call it a gland, but retain the term interstitial tissue or cells.

Comparison of cellular distribution of LH receptors and steroidogenic enzymes in the porcine ovary

1996 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Meduri ◽  
M T Vu Hai ◽  
A Jolivet ◽  
S Takemori ◽  
S Kominami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Steroidogenic Enzymes ◽  
Lh Receptor ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Theca Interna

Abstract Previous studies have shown a heterogeneous expression of LH receptors in various structures of the porcine ovary. Specially striking was the existence in the preovulatory follicle of inner layers of theca interna cells devoid of LH receptor and the confinement in the corpus luteum of the LH receptor to the external cellular layers. In the present study, we have compared the steroidogenic capabilities of LH receptor-positive and -negative cells using immunocytochemistry for side-chain cleavage P450, 3β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase, 17α-hydroxylase P450 and aromatase P450. We have also examined, using the same methods, the evolution of the various cell types after ovulation and during the development of the corpus luteum. In preovulatory follicles the inner layers of theca cells which were not labelled with anti-LH receptor antibodies appeared to express the steroidogenic enzymes in a way similar to that of the outer LH receptor-positive cell layers. Ovulation per se did not change the distribution of LH receptors (present in the outer luteal cells and in the granulosa) or of steroidogenic enzymes. However, 48 h after follicular rupture there was a marked decrease in overall labelling with anti-LH receptor antibody, and especially a disappearance of immunostaining in the luteal cells of granulosa origin. In the mid-luteal phase (6 days after ovulation), the receptor content seemed to increase in the peripheral luteal cells derived from the theca but the receptor did not reappear in the granulosa-derived luteal cells. Thus the down-regulation of LH receptor appeared to be reversible in the external thecal layers but irreversible in the granulosa cells. Furthermore, the distribution of the various steroidogenic enzymes in the corpora lutea delineated granulosa-derived from theca-derived cells and showed that only the external layers of the latter expressed the LH receptor. These results showed the existence in the preovulatory follicle of two theca interna regions expressing the same steroidogenic enzymes but possibly submitted to a different hormonal control. Furthermore, the cells derived from these two regions as well as the cells of granulosa origin showed a distinct pattern of variation of LH receptivity during the development of the corpus luteum. During these studies we also observed that, in the interstitial tissue, only a minority of cells which derived from remnants of atretic follicles expressed both the LH receptor and the steroidogenic enzymes. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 148, 435–446

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