Kinetics of minimal residual disease during induction/consolidation therapy in standard-risk adult B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Scholten ◽  
M. Födinger ◽  
M. Mitterbauer ◽  
K. Laczika ◽  
G. Mitterbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Minimal Residual Disease ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Consolidation Therapy ◽  
B Lineage ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Standard Risk ◽  
Minimal Residual

Clinical significance of minimal residual disease quantification in adult patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 1116-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Brüggemann ◽  
Thorsten Raff ◽  
Thomas Flohr ◽  
Nicola Gökbuget ◽  
Makoto Nakao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Minimal Residual Disease ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Standard Risk ◽  
Minimal Residual

AbstractAdult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who are stratified into the standard-risk (SR) group due to the absence of adverse prognostic factors relapse in 40% to 55% of the cases. To identify complementary markers suitable for further treatment stratification in SR ALL, we evaluated the predictive value of minimal residual disease (MRD) and prospectively monitored MRD in 196 strictly defined SR ALL patients at up to 9 time points in the first year of treatment by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Frequency of MRD positivity decreased from 88% during early induction to 13% at week 52. MRD was predictive for relapse at various follow-up time points. Combined MRD information from different time points allowed definition of 3 risk groups (P < .001): 10% of patients with a rapid MRD decline to lower than 10-4 or below detection limit at day 11 and day 24 were classified as low risk and had a 3-year relapse rate (RR) of 0%. A subset of 23% with an MRD of 10-4 or higher until week 16 formed the high-risk group, with a 3-year RR of 94% (95% confidence interval [CI] 83%-100%). The remaining patients whose RR was 47% (31%-63%) represented the intermediate-risk group. Thus, MRD quantification during treatment identified prognostic subgroups within the otherwise homogeneous SR ALL population who may benefit from individualized treatment.

CD11b is a therapy resistance– and minimal residual disease–specific marker in precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (18) ◽  
pp. 3763-3771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rhein ◽  
Rita Mitlohner ◽  
Giuseppe Basso ◽  
Giuseppe Gaipa ◽  
Michael N. Dworzak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Minimal Residual Disease ◽  
Induction Therapy ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Consolidation Therapy ◽  
Cd11b Expression ◽  
Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Minimal Residual

Abstract A consistently increased mRNA expression of the adhesion receptor CD11b is a hallmark of the reported genomewide gene expression changes in precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (PBC-ALL) after 1 week of induction therapy. To investigate its clinical relevance, CD11b protein expression in leukemic blasts has been prospectively measured at diagnosis (159 patients) and during therapy (53 patients). The initially heterogeneous expression of CD11b inversely correlated with cytoreduction rates measured at clinically significant time points of induction therapy in the ALL–Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster 2000 protocol. CD11b positivity conferred a 5-fold increased risk of minimal residual disease (MRD) after induction therapy (day 33) and of high-risk group assignment after consolidation therapy (day 78). In the multivariate analysis CD11b expression was an independent prognostic factor compared with other clinically relevant parameters at diagnosis. During therapy, CD11b expression increased early in most ALL cases and remained consistently increased during induction/consolidation therapy. In more than 30% of MRD-positive cases, the CD11b expression on blast cells exceeded that of mature memory B cells and improved the discrimination of residual leukemic cells from regenerating bone marrow. Taken together, CD11b expression has considerable implications for prognosis, treatment response monitoring, and MRD detection in childhood PBC-ALL.

Prognostic Significance of Minimal Residual Disease in Adult Patients with B-Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by 8-Color Flow Cytometry

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 4789-4789
Author(s):  
Xiang-Qin Weng ◽  
Yang Shen ◽  
Yan Sheng ◽  
Bing Chen ◽  
Jing-han Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Minimal Residual Disease ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Color Flow ◽  
B Lineage ◽  
Minimal Residual

Abstract Abstract 4789 Monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by immunophenotyping and/or molecular techniques provides a way to precisely evaluate early treatment response and predict relapse. In this study, we have investigated the prognostic significance of MRD in adult patients with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) by 8-color flow cytometry. A cohort of 106 patients with B-ALL who had achieved a complete remission (CR) and at least 1 LAIP characteristics were enrolled to perform MRD assessment at the end of induction and 1 cycle of consolidation. LAIPs were identifiable in 96% of the patients by 8-color flow cytometric assay, in which, most cases (90.6%) containing 2 or more LAIPs had a sensitivity as high as identifying 1 leukemic blast among 1×105 BM nucleated cells. MRD negative status could clearly predict a favorable 1 year relapse free survival (RFS) and 2 year overall survival (OS) when a cut-off level of 0.01% was used to define MRD positivity at the point of achieving CR (P=0.000 and 0.000, respectively) and after 1 cycle of consolidation (P=0.000 and 0.000, respectively), respectively. In multivariate analysis including cytogenetic abnormalities, clinical factors and MRD status, late CR (P=0.046), MRD status at the points of obtaining CR (P=0.016) and 1 consolidation (P=0.007) were associated with RFS independently, while only MRD status after 1 course of consolidation was independent prognostic factor for OS (P=0.000). Of note, in exploring the fewer patients with MRD negative status experienced recent relapse, we have identified that most of such patients had a MRD level of 10−4−10−5 comparing to undetectable MRD level. Furthermore, our evidences showed that MRD assessed by flow cytometry and by RQ-PCR assay targeting to BCR-ABL fusion gene yielded concordant results in the vast majority of cases (90%). In conclusion, immunophenotypic evaluation of MRD by 8-color flow cytometry could work as an important tool to assess the treatment response and prognosis precisely in adult B-ALL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Reduced-Intensity Delayed Intensification in Standard-Risk Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Defined by Undetectable Minimal Residual Disease: Results of an International Randomized Trial (AIEOP-BFM ALL 2000)

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schrappe ◽  
Kirsten Bleckmann ◽  
Martin Zimmermann ◽  
Andrea Biondi ◽  
Anja Möricke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Minimal Residual Disease ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Standard Risk ◽  
Minimal Residual ◽  
Reduced Intensity

Purpose Delayed intensification (DI) is an integral part of treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but it is associated with relevant toxicity. Therefore, standard-risk patients of trial AIEOP-BFM ALL 2000 (Combination Chemotherapy Based on Risk of Relapse in Treating Young Patients With ALL) were investigated with the specific aim to reduce treatment intensity. Patients and Methods Between July 2000 and July 2006, 1,164 patients (1 to 17 years of age) with standard-risk ALL (defined as the absence of high-risk cytogenetics and undetectable minimal residual disease on days 33 and 78) were randomly assigned to either experimental reduced-intensity DI (protocol III; P-III) or standard DI (protocol II; P-II). Cumulative drug doses of P-III were reduced by 30% for dexamethasone and 50% for vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide, which shortened the treatment duration from 49 to 29 days. The study aimed at noninferiority of reduced-intensity P-III; analyses were performed according to treatment given. Results For P-III and P-II, respectively, the 8-year rate of disease-free survival (± SE) was 89.2 ± 1.3% and 92.3 ± 1.2% ( P = .04); cumulative incidence of relapse, 8.7 ± 1.2% and 6.4 ± 1.1% ( P = .09); and overall survival, 96.1 ± 0.8% and 98.0 ± 0.6% ( P = .06). Patients with ETV6-RUNX1–positive ALL and patients 1 to 6 years of age performed equally well in both arms. The incidence of death during remission was comparable, which indicates equivalent toxicity. The 8-year cumulative incidence rate of secondary malignancies was 1.3 ± 0.5% and 0.6 ± 0.4% for P-III and P-II, respectively ( P = .37). Conclusion Although the criteria used for the standard-risk definition in this trial identified patients with exceptionally good prognosis, reduction of chemotherapy was not successful mainly because of an increased rate of relapse. The data suggest that treatment reduction is feasible in specific subgroups, which underlines the biologic heterogeneity of this cohort selected according to treatment response.

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